scholarly journals The Effect of Sorbitol and Conservation Period on The in Vitro Evolution of Solanum Tuberosum L. Plantlets

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Iustina Brînduşa Ciobanu ◽  
Dana Constantinovici
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quantity of seeds. Seed damage result in lower grain value, storability problem, and reduced seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds. The experiments were conducted at five moisture contents of 7.5, 12, 17, 22 and 27% w.b. and at the impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J. The percentage of breakage of both wheat and triticale seeds increased as impact energy increased. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds at the 1% probability level. Triticale seeds had more breakage than wheat seeds. For both wheat and triticale seeds as the moisture content of the seeds increased, the amount of the percentage breakage of seeds decreased as a polynomial. The average values of percentage breakage of wheat seeds decreased from 43.81 to 19.88% as the moisture content increased from 7.5 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range the percentage breakage of triticale seeds varied from 81.34 to 37.77%. Below the moisture contents of 17% for the wheat and 22% for the triticale the percentage breakage of seeds increased dramatically.

scholarly journals Breakage Susceptibility of Wheat and Triticale Seeds Related to Moisture Content and Impact Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
A Dowlatshah ◽  
S. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Abstract Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quantity of seeds. Seed damage result in lower grain value, storability problem, and reduced seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds. The experiments were conducted at five moisture contents of 7.5, 12, 17, 22 and 27% w.b. and at the impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J. The percentage of breakage of both wheat and triticale seeds increased as impact energy increased. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between breakage susceptibility of wheat and triticale seeds at the 1% probability level. Triticale seeds had more breakage than wheat seeds. For both wheat and triticale seeds as the moisture content of the seeds increased, the amount of the percentage breakage of seeds decreased as a polynomial. The average values of percentage breakage of wheat seeds decreased from 43.81 to 19.88% as the moisture content increased from 7.5 to 27%. Over this same moisture content range the percentage breakage of triticale seeds varied from 81.34 to 37.77%. Below the moisture contents of 17% for the wheat and 22% for the triticale the percentage breakage of seeds increased dramatically.

scholarly journals Crushing Susceptibility of Vetch Seeds Under Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of moisture content and the impact energy on the breakage susceptibility of vetch seeds. The experiments were conducted at moisture contents of 7.57 to 25% (wet basis) and at the impact energies of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 J, using an impact damage assessment device. The results showed that impact energy, moisture content, and the interaction effects of these two variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage in vetch seeds (p<0.01). Increasing the impact energy from 0.1 to 0.3 J caused a significant increase in the mean values of seeds breakage from 41.69 to 78.67%. It was found that the relation between vetch seeds moisture content and seeds breakage was non-linear, and the extent of damaged seeds decreased significantlyas a polynomial (from 92.47 to 33.56%) with increasing moisture (from 7.57 to 17.5%) and reached a minimum at moisture level of about 17.5%. Further increase in seed moisture, however, caused an increase in the amount of seeds breakage. Mathematical relationships composed of seed moisture content and impact energy, were developed for accurately description the percentage breakage of vetch seeds under impact loading. It was found that the models have provided satisfactory results over the whole set of values for the dependent variable.

Effect of Zinc Sulphate Fertilizer Rate on the Breakage Susceptibility of Three Wheat Varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
F. Shahbazi ◽  
R. Sharafi ◽  
R. Rahimi Chegni ◽  
N.Z. Tolabi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fertilization Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Seeds

ABSTRACT Mechanical damage of seeds due to harvest, handling and other process is an important factor that affects the quality and quaintly of seeds. Seed damage results in lower grain value, storability problem, and reduces seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. The objectives were to determine the effect of different levels of zinc sulphate fertilization on the breakage susceptibility of three irrigated wheat varieties (Bahar, Shiraz and Pyshtaz). An experiment was conduct at the Experimental research station of Lorestan University, Iran. A factorial experiment was conducted with three replicates in a completely randomized block design (CRBD). Factors included three levels of zinc sulphate. Zinc sulphate treatments were combinations of three fertilization rates (0 - control, 25 and 50 kg/ha) at three replicates. The harvested seeds were subjected to impact energies of 0.05 and 0.1 J at constant moisture contents of 9.8, 15 and 20% using an impact test apparatus. The analysis of variance showed that wheat variety, fertilization level of zinc sulphate and moisture content significantly influenced breakage susceptibility of wheat seeds at the 1% probability level. Resistance to the breakage of wheat seeds for all varieties increased, as polynomial functions, with increase in the zinc sulphate rate. The average values of percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 37.07 to 27.80% as the fertilization level of zinc sulphate increased from 0 to 50 kg/ha. Bahar variety exhibited the highest resistance to breakage than other varieties. As the moisture content increased from 9.8 to 20% the percentage breakage of seeds decreased from 36.58 to 30.03%. Increasing the impact energy from 0.05 to 0.1 J caused an increase in the percentage breakage of seeds from 16.19 to 50.47%.

Harvesting and Threshing Methods on Seed Quality of Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masilamani ◽  
T. Eevera ◽  
T. Ramesh ◽  
S. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Impact

Background: The present investigation is an attempt to study the effect of different harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. The use of a combine harvester to harvest dhaincha will be an effective alternative method that has not been widely tried. However, work on different methods of harvesting and threshing of dhaincha is limited. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of various harvesting and threshing methods on germination and seedling vigour of dhaincha. Methods: This study was conducted at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, TNAU, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. The dhaincha crop was harvested and threshed using four different methods viz., manual harvesting and manual threshing, manual harvesting and threshing by tractor treading, manual harvesting and mechanical threshing and harvesting and threshing by combine harvester. The resultant seeds were tested for mechanical damage and germination potential. The experiment was laid in completely randomized block design. Germination was tested by roll towel method using 100 seeds in four replications. Germination percentage, root and shoot length were measured in seven days after sowing from ten randomly selected seedlings in each replication. For the estimation of dry matter production, ten seedlings were selected at random and kept in a hot air oven maintained at 85oC for 24 hours after measuring their root and shoot length and vigour index was calculated. Mechanical damage to seeds was observed by ferric chloride test. Seed recovery per cent was calculated based on the 100 kgs of dhaincha seeds were cleaned and graded treatment wise using cleaner cum grader and the seeds retained on the bottom sieve were weighed and expressed as per cent of total quantity of seed. Result: The results revealed that the significant difference was found among the different harvesting and threshing methods. The seeds harvested and threshed by manual method recorded 85 per cent germination followed by seeds harvested manually and threshed by mechanical threshing (84 per cent) and seeds harvested manually and threshed by tractor treading (80.5 per cent). The lowest germination of 80.0 per cent was recorded by combine harvesting. From this study, it could be inferred that combine harvester is a modern method for harvesting of dhaincha that saves time and labour when compared to all other methods.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Changes the Impact of Potato Virus Y on Growth and Stress Tolerance of Solanum tuberosum L. in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Deja-Sikora ◽  
Anita Kowalczyk ◽  
Alina Trejgell ◽  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Acid Challenge on Push-Out Bond Strength of Three Different Tricalcium Silicate Cements: An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Mattapudi Basavaiah Babu ◽  
T. B. V. G. Raju ◽  
N. Mahendra Varma ◽  
Gowtam Dev Dondapati ◽  
Srivalli Podili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Acid Challenge

Aim: To evaluate the impact of environmental pH on intra-radicular dentin push-out bond strengths of MTA, MTA HP, and Biodentine. Materials and Methodology: Freshly extracted human mandibular single-rooted premolars or maxillary anterior incisors that were either intact or contained only small carious lesions were selected.120 mid root dentins is horizontally divided into 1.0 mm thick slices and divided into 3 MTA, MTA HP, BIODENTINE groups. The compressive load is applied at a speed of 0.5 mm/min by exerting a downward pressure on the outer surface of MTA using a 1.00 mm diameter cylindrical stainless-steel plunger. Maximum load to MTA was reported in newtons at the time of dislodgement and converted to megapascals. The 1-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the push-out bond strength of the groups with the same storage time (4 or 34 days), followed by the pair-wise comparison of the Tukey post hoc test. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate 3-group means. At P = .005, the degree of significance was set. Thus the clinical importance of the present study states that considering several factors like microhardness, composition by products, particle sizes and the environmental pH plays a critical role in selection of root end filling material. Results: There was significant difference between groups (P = .001) after 4 days of PBS and Acid condition, where Bio dentine had significantly the highest bond strength. Conclusion: The strength of MTA HP, BIODENTINE, MTA materials at dentine interface increases over 30 days in the storage of PBS solution at pH 7.4, after an initial acid challenge by acetic acid of pH 5.4, which decreases initial bond strength.

scholarly journals Evaluating Hepatobiliary Transport with 18F-Labeled Bile Acids: The Effect of Radiolabel Position and Bile Acid Structure on Radiosynthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef De Lombaerde ◽  
Ken Kersemans ◽  
Sara Neyt ◽  
Jeroen Verhoeven ◽  
Christian Vanhove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Hepatobiliary Transport ◽  
Bile Acid Transporters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. An in vivo determination of bile acid hepatobiliary transport efficiency can be of use in liver disease and preclinical drug development. Given the increased interest in bile acid Positron Emission Tomography- (PET-) imaging, a further understanding of the impact of 18-fluorine substitution on bile acid handling in vitro and in vivo can be of significance. Methods. A number of bile acid analogues were conceived for nucleophilic substitution with [18F]fluoride: cholic acid analogues of which the 3-, 7-, or 12-OH function is substituted with a fluorine atom (3α-[18F]FCA; 7β-[18F]FCA; 12β-[18F]FCA); a glycocholic and chenodeoxycholic acid analogue, substituted on the 3-position (3β-[18F]FGCA and 3β-[18F]FCDCA, resp.). Uptake by the bile acid transporters NTCP and OATP1B1 was evaluated with competition assays in transfected CHO and HEK cell lines and efflux by BSEP in membrane vesicles. PET-scans with the tracers were performed in wild-type mice (n=3 per group): hepatobiliary transport was monitored and compared to a reference tracer, namely, 3β-[18F]FCA. Results. Compounds 3α-[18F]FCA, 3β-[18F]FGCA, and 3β-[18F]FCDCA were synthesized in moderate radiochemical yields (4–10% n.d.c.) and high radiochemical purity (>99%); 7β-[18F]FCA and 12β-[18F]FCA could not be synthesized and included further in this study. In vitro evaluation showed that 3α-FCA, 3β-FGCA, and 3β-FCDCA all had a low micromolar Ki-value for NTCP, OATP1B1, and BSEP. In vivo, 3α-[18F]FCA, 3β-[18F]FGCA, and 3β-[18F]FCDCA displayed hepatobiliary transport with varying efficiency. A slight yet significant difference in uptake and efflux rate was noticed between the 3α-[18F]FCA and 3β-[18F]FCA epimers. Conjugation of 3β-[18F]FCA with glycine had no significant effect in vivo. Compound 3β-[18F]FCDCA showed a significantly slower hepatic uptake and efflux towards gallbladder and intestines. Conclusion. A set of 18F labeled bile acids was synthesized that are substrates of the bile acid transporters in vitro and in vivo and can serve as PET-biomarkers for hepatobiliary transport of bile acids.

scholarly journals Emulsion of Chloramphenicol: an Overwhelming Approach for Ocular Delivery

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalpesh C. Ashara ◽  
Ketan V. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Ophthalmic formulations of chloramphenicol have poor bioavailability of chloramphenicol in the ocular cavity. Aim: The present study aimed at exploring the impact of different oil mixtures in the form of emulsion on the permeability of chloramphenicol after ocular application. Materials and methods: Selection of oil mixture and ratio of the components was made by an equilibrium solubility method. An emulsifier was chosen according to its emulsification properties. A constrained simplex centroid design was used for the assessment of the emulsion development. Emulsions were evaluated for physicochemical properties; zone of inhibition, in-vitro diffusion and ex-vivo local accumulation of chloramphenicol. Validation of the design using check-point batch and reduced polynomial equations were also developed. Optimization of the emulsion was developed by software Design® expert 6.0.8. Assessment of the osmolarity, ocular irritation, sterility testing and isotonicity of optimized batch were also made. Results: Parker Neem®, olive and peppermint oils were selected as an oil phase in the ratio 63.64:20.2:16.16. PEG-400 was selected as an emulsifier according to a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Constrained simplex-centroid design was applied in the range of 25-39% water, 55-69% PEG-400, 5-19% optimized oil mixture, and 1% chloramphenicol. Unpaired Student’s t-test showed for in-vitro and ex-vivo studies that there was a significant difference between the optimized batch of emulsion and Chloramphenicol eye caps (a commercial product) according to both were equally safe. Conclusion: The optimized batch of an emulsion of chloramphenicol was found to be as safe as and more effective than Chloramphenicol eye caps.

Nutrient composition of pastoralist's raw milk of different breeds of cattle in Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Z. Adamu ◽  
M. B. Ardo ◽  
Y. H. Aliyara
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Content Range

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of raw milk produced in pastoral settlements. Six hundred pastoralists' raw milk samples were collected from 20 local governments in Adamawa and Taraba states, Nigeria. Milk samples were collected from White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) breeds of cattle and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and moisture contents. The protein content ranged between 3.62±0.38% -3.95±0.11% in WF, 3.29±0.8% - 3.94±0.10% in RB and 3.31±0.27%- 3.95±0.09% in SG in Adamawa and Taraba states. The fat content ranged between 3.55±0.47% - 3.99±0.03% in WF, 3.98±0.04% - 3.98±0.06% in RB and 3.32±0.20% - 3.45±0.27% in SG. The ash content recorded was between 0.40±0.06% -0.41±0.04% in WF, 0.40±0.06% - 0.43±0.07% in RB and0.39±0.06% - 0.41±0.08% in SG, and the moisture content in Adamawa and Taraba states were between 83.52±2.07% - 84.00±0.57% in WF, 82.28±1.05% - 83.73±0.63% in RB and 82.90±1.48% - 83.56±1.35%in SG. The study from the two states revealed protein value between 3.29± 0.8% - 3.95±0.11%, fat content range of3.32±0.20% - 3.99±0.03%, ash content of between 0.39± 0.06% - 0.43±0.07% and moisture content that ranged between 82.28± 1.05% - 84.00±0.57%. Constituents of milkfrom Taraba state were higher in values than those from Adamawa sate. The statistical analysis of the results at95% confidence level showed significant difference among breeds and states. In comparison, the three breeds that resided in Adamawa state had least values, which could be attributed to herd management practices. This study showed that all the three pastoralists' breeds indicated desirable components in their milk Cross breeding with higher breeds and provision of quality feed and water may lead to better yield in all the breeds in this study.

Propionic acid-treated barley in the diets of bacon pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
J. R. Luscombe
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYGrowth performance and carcass quality (linear measurements) were studied in pigs grown from 25 to 90 kg on barley stored and prepared in different ways. Half the barley was dried to about 14% moisture content for storage and half was not dried but treated with 0·8% propionic acid. Each was given after hammer-milling (3·2 mm screen) or rolling. A total of 144 pigs was used at four centres.The performance and carcass quality of pigs given acid-treated barley were as good as those given dried barley. While feed utilization, expressed on the basis of air-dry feed, was poorer for pigs fed on acid-treated barley this difference disappeared when account was taken of the different moisture contents of the barley samples. Pigs fed on diets based on milled barley grew more quickly, had better feed utilization but greater fat measurements than pigs fed on rolled barley. There was a significant interaction between storage method and feed preparation (milling or rolling). Pigs given the acid-treated barley grew more quickly when it was in the milled form than when it was rolled, whereas for the dried barley there was a small, non-significant difference in favour of the rolled form.

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