scholarly journals UMPAK BATU: JEJAK KONSTRUKSI BANGUNAN MASA LAMPAU DI LAMPUNG BARAT [ COLUMN BASE : THE TRACES OF ANCIENT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION IN WEST LAMPUNG]

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Rusyanti Rusyanti
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Column Base ◽  
The Way

 Rumah adalah kebutuhan dasar manusia yang dibangun dengan berbagai bahan, teknik, dan sistem kepercayaan dan sekaligus menggambarkan identitas dan status sosial pemiliknya. Rumah merupakan kesatuan dari struktur bangunan yang terdiri dari konstruksi dasar, konstruksi tubuh, dan konstruksi atap. Setiap kelompok masyarakat memiliki konstruksi bangunan yang berbeda-beda yang mencerminkan kondisi geografis dan lingkungan setempat. Penelitian arkeologi di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Way Semangka, Kabupaten Lampung Barat menemukan lebih dari empat puluh batu tufa dan batu apung di enam situs arkeologi di Liwa. Batu-batu tersebut memiliki beragam bentuk dan ukuran yang belum diketahui fungsinya. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengetahui fungsi batu-batu tersebut kaitannya dengan bangunan tradisional Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei arkeologi, deskripsi, dan perbandingan data etnografi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan ada persamaan karakteristik batu pada bangunan rumah-rumah tradisional di Liwa, Kenali, dan Canggu dengan artefak batu yang ditemukan di situs-situs arkeologi di DAS Way Semangka. Batu-batu tersebut diasumsikan sisa umpak atau batu pondasi dari struktur bangunan tradisional Lampung yang dibuat dengan teknik konstruksi tradisional kalindang yang tahan gempa. Umpak batu dari batuan tufa dan batu apung terbilang unik karena ringan, mudah dibentuk, dan memiliki keunggulan sebagai bahan beton ringan. Penggunaan batuan tufa dan apung sebagai umpak bangunan, merupakan bukti kearifan lokal yang masih dilestarikan di Lampung Barat. House as a basic need was built with various materials, techniques, and the belief system of the supporting community, as well as describe the identity and social status of the owner. A house is a unit of the building structure that generally consists of basic construction, body, and roof construction. Each community group has a different building construction and can also reflect their geographical and climatic conditions. Archaeological research in the Way Semangka Watershed (DAS), West Lampung Regency, found more than forty stones of tuf and pumice in six archaeological sites in Liwa. The stones have various shapes and sizes whose function is not yet known. This paper aims to determine the utility of these stones in traditional Lampung buildings. The research was conducted using archaeological survey methods, descriptions, and a comparison of ethnographic data. The results showed similarities in the characteristics of the stones in the traditional houses in the Liwa, Kenali, and Canggu areas, with stone artefacts found at archaeological sites in the Way Semangka watershed. These stones are assumed to be remnants of the column base of traditional Lampung building structures made with the Kalindang technique of which is traditionally earthquake-resistant construction. The tuf and pumice stone are unique because it is light, shapeable and it has the advantage of being a lightweight concrete material. The use of tuf and pumice stone as a column base is evidence of local wisdom preserved in West Lampung.

Preliminary report on the archaeological survey of the joint Kuwaiti–Polish Mission, Failaka Island, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Franciszek Pawlicki
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Front Wall ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Archaeological Prospection ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Solid Ground ◽  
Failaka Island

An extensive archaeological prospection along the coasts of Failaka recorded over 180 sites, different stone structures, surface pottery assemblages, farms and enclosures. These were registered, documented and mapped. Stone by stone plans were drawn up of a number of substantial structures that were cleaned and some general observations were made. All prospected and cleaned structures proved to be built of local ashlar sandstone straight on solid ground or bedrock. All kinds of mortar and plaster was used for building construction. Flat stones of similar dimensions were carefully selected. Buildings were neatly designed with entrances always in the middle of the front wall. Archaeological sites of Al-Sabbahiya, Um al-Dakhan, Matitah, Kharaib el-Desht with a density of different historical structures dating from the mid- and late Islamic period are found in the southern regions of Failaka Island.

Ethnohistorical Archaeology and the Mythscape of the Naga in the Chiang Saen Basin, Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Piyawit Moonkham
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Local People ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The People ◽  
Divine Retribution ◽  
The Town

Abstract There is a northern Thai story that tells how the naga—a mythical serpent—came and destroyed the town known as Yonok (c. thirteenth century) after its ruler became immoral. Despite this divine retribution, the people of the town chose to rebuild it. Many archaeological sites indicate resettlement during this early historical period. Although many temple sites were constructed in accordance with the Buddhist cosmology, the building patterns vary from location to location and illustrate what this paper calls ‘nonconventional patterns,’ distinct from Theravada Buddhist concepts. These nonconventional patterns of temples seem to have been widely practiced in many early historical settlements, e.g., Yonok (what is now Wiang Nong Lom). Many local written documents and practices today reflect the influence of the naga myth on building construction. This paper will demonstrate that local communities in the Chiang Saen basin not only believe in the naga myth but have also applied the myth as a tool to interact with the surrounding landscapes. The myth is seen as a crucial, communicated element used by the local people to modify and construct physical landscapes, meaning Theravada Buddhist cosmology alone cannot explain the nonconventional patterns. As such, comprehending the role of the naga myth enables us to understand how local people, past and present, have perceived the myth as a source of knowledge to convey their communal spaces within larger cosmological concepts in order to maintain local customs and legitimise their social space.

A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF PROTO-TEWA SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE: MAKING THE CASE FOR FLOODPLAIN FARMING IN THE OHKAY OWINGEH HOMELAND, NEW MEXICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sunday Eiselt ◽  
J. Andrew Darling ◽  
Samuel Duwe ◽  
Mark Willis ◽  
Chester Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Ancestral Pueblo ◽  
Rio Chama ◽  
Land Farming ◽  
Scholarly Discourse

Previous research on agriculture in the American Southwest focuses overwhelmingly on archaeological survey methods to discern surface agricultural features, which, in combination with climatological, geological, and geographical variables, are used to create models about agricultural productivity in the past. However, with few exceptions, the role of floodplain irrigation and floodwater farming in ancestral Pueblo agriculture is generally downplayed in scholarly discourse. Using a variety of methods, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), satellite imagery, pedestrian survey, and supervised classification of remotely sensed imagery, we examine this issue through a consideration of how ancestral Ohkay Owingeh (Tewa) people solved the challenges of arid land farming in the lower Rio Chama watershed of New Mexico during the Classic period (A.D. 1350–1598). Based on acreage estimates, our results indicate that runoff and rainwater fields in terrace environments would have been insufficient to supply the nutritional needs of an ancestral Tewa population exceeding 10,000 individuals. Based on these observations, we present a case for the substantial role of subsistence agriculture in the floodplain of the Rio Chama and its associated tributaries.

GUNITECH®: An Innovative Pumice Based Dry Shotcrete Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Maria Nomikou ◽  
Vasileios Kaloidas ◽  
Christos Triantafyllos Galmpenis ◽  
Nicolaos Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Georgios Tzouvalas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Lightweight Aggregate ◽  
New Product ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Masonry Unit ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Pumice Stone ◽  
Loose Soil

Pumice quarried by LAVA MINING AND QUARRYING SA from Yali Island, Dodecanese, is used in domestic and foreign markets mainly as concrete lightweight aggregate, masonry unit constituents, road substrate, and loose soil stabilization. It is a porous natural volcanic rock with low density, low thermal and noise transmission, and the highest strength among all the natural or artificial lightweight materials of mineral origin. Nowadays, pumice is of additional interest as it has a reduced CO2 footprint because thermal energy is not needed for its expansion compared with the artificial lightweight aggregates. In this context, HERACLES GROUP in collaboration with Sika Hellas has launched a new product containing pumice stone under the brand name GUNITECH®. GUNITECH® is an innovative bagged material for spraying concrete applications. It is a ready lightweight concrete, for building repairs certified as EN 1504-3.

scholarly journals Chirping for Large-Scale Maritime Archaeological Survey: A Strategy Developed from a Practical Experience-Based Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Grøn ◽  
Lars Ole Boldreel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Subbottom Profiling

Archaeological wrecks exposed on the sea floor are mapped using side-scan and multibeam techniques, whereas the detection of submerged archaeological sites, such as Stone Age settlements, and wrecks, partially or wholly embedded in sea-floor sediments, requires the application of high-resolution subbottom profilers. This paper presents a strategy for cost-effective, large-scale mapping of previously undetected sediment-embedded sites and wrecks based on subbottom profiling with chirp systems. The mapping strategy described includes (a) definition of line spacing depending on the target; (b) interactive surveying, for example, immediate detailed investigation of potential archaeological anomalies on detection with a denser pattern of subbottom survey lines; (c) onboard interpretation during data acquisition; (d) recognition of nongeological anomalies. Consequently, this strategy differs from those employed in several detailed studies of known wreck sites and from the way in which geologists map the sea floor and the geological column beneath it. The strategy has been developed on the basis of extensive practical experience gained during the use of an off-the-shelf 2D chirp system and, given the present state of this technology, it appears well suited to large-scale maritime archaeological mapping.

scholarly journals Notes on distribution and relative abundances of some animal species, and on climate in the Kruger National Park during prehistoric times

Koedoe ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Plug
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Animal Population ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Insight Into

Faunal remains obtained from archaeological sites in the Kruger National Park, provide valuable information on the distributions of animal species in the past. The relative abundances of some species are compared with animal population statistics of the present. The study of the faunal samples, which date from nearly 7 000 years before present until the nineteenth century, also provides insight into climatic conditions during prehistoric times.

scholarly journals A Geological and Spatial Approach to Prehistoric Archaeological Surveys on Small Islands: Case Studies from Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimona Kealy ◽  
Lucas Wattimena ◽  
Sue O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Develop Model ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Spatial Approach ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Survey Results

Survei arkeologi sangat penting untuk penemuan dan interpretasi sisa-sisa yang ditinggalkan oleh aktivitas manusia prasejarah. Saat ini penginderaan jarak jauh dan model prediktif telah meningkatkan jangkauan dan keberhasilan survei arkeologi, namun survei pejalan kaki untuk mengembangkan parameter model dan prediksi kebenaran dasar masih penting untuk keberhasilan suatu penemuan. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil survei arkeologi tahun 2017 di Pulau Babar Besar dan Pulau Wetang yang termasuk dalam bagian dari kelompok Kepulauan Babar, Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia. Tercatat sebanyak 62 situs arkeologi ditemukan di kedua pulau tersebut, tujuh diantaranya merupakan situs lukisan cadas baru yang ditemukan di Pulau Wetang. Hasil survei ini menunjukkan keberhasilan penggunaan peta geologi dan topografi di samping citra satelit dalam mendeteksi daerah prospektif untuk survei. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman karakteristik geologi daerah yang lebih rinci dan komparatif diperlukan sebelum dilakukan survei jarak jauh yang lebih lanjut di wilayah Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia.Archaeological surveys are essential to the discovery and interpretation of remains left by past human activities. While remote sensing and predictive models have greatly improved the reach and success of archaeological survey, pedestrian surveys to develop model parameters and ground-truth predictions is still imperative for successful discoveries. Here we present the results of the 2017 archaeological survey of islands Babar Besar and Wetang in the Babar Island Group, Maluku Barat Daya, Indonesia. A total of 62 archaeological sites were recorded between the two islands; seven of which represent new rock art sites on Wetang island. Our survey results indicate the successful use of geological and topographic maps alongside satellite images in detecting prospective regions for survey. Results also indicate however that a more detailed and comparative understanding of the regions geology is required before more advanced forms of remote survey are conducted in the Maluku Barat Daya region.

scholarly journals HEAT RESISTANT BUILDING ENVELOPES MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF POROUS GRANULAR WASTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Galitskov ◽  
S. A. Mizuryaev ◽  
A. G. Chiknovoryan
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

The paper focuses on building envelopes for industrial thermal generating units, their efficiency and its increase. Building envelopes made of lightweight heat-resistant concretes are considered most effective from the point of their building construction, maintenance, repair and cost-effectiveness. One of the unresolved problems here is that porous granular materials suitable for use as concrete fillers operating at temperatures over 1000 OC are not industrially manufactured at the moment The article also characterises commonly used heat resistant porous fillers. It indicates that the use of exhaust zeolites is potentially perspective General properties and characteristics of zeolites are also given. The paper demonstrates that it is quite possible to use exhaust zeolites in building envelopes of lightweight heat-resistant concretes. The work describes testing experiments of typical exhaust zeolites (petrochemical and oil refining industries wastes) in Samara region and the Republic of Tatarstan. Their stress-strain properties and chemical compositions as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis (including analysis under high temperature) are presented. They prove that zeolites are heat-resistant and fire-proof because of corundum formation. Phosphate binder was used for tesing in heat-resistant concretes. The composition of the concrete mixture is given in the paper. As a result, concrete with the following characteristics was obtained: 1550 kg/m3 density, with compressive strength of approximately 21 MPa, having high thermal resistance and maximum permissible application temperature of 1450° c.

Performance Analysis of Photo Voltaic Trombe Wall for Tropical Climate

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Irshad ◽  
Khairul Habib ◽  
Nagarajan Thirumalaiswamy ◽  
Anas Elrayah Ahmed Elmahdi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Load ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Trombe Wall ◽  
Thermal Properties Of Materials ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

The present study examines the performance of a single zone building integrated with PV Trombe wall (PV-TW) in term of thermal load reduction and electrical energy production by varying PV Glazing types (i.e. Single Glazing, Double glazing, Double glazing filled with gas (Argon)). TRNSYS software is used for simulation in which inputs like climatic conditions, building construction details, thermal properties of materials, detail of PV-TW and orientation of building is inserted. By comparing the results of all three types of glazing it is found that PV Double glazing filled with argon shows significant reduction in mean air duct temperature, hence reduces the PV cell temperature and increases power production of PV panel. Also solar radiation captured by massive wall of PV-TW is reduced by using PV Double glazing filled with argon as compared to other types of glazing, which further reduces thermal load inside the building.

scholarly journals THE LAND BEHIND THE LAND BEHIND BAGHDAD: ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE UPPER DIYALA (SIRWAN) RIVER VALLEY

Iraq ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Casana ◽  
Claudia Glatz
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
The Rich

While the Diyala (Kurdish Sirwan) River Valley is storied in Near Eastern archaeology as home to the Oriental Institute's excavations in the 1930s as well as to Robert McC. Adams’ pioneering archaeological survey, The Land Behind Baghdad, the upper reaches of the river valley remain almost unknown to modern scholarship. Yet this region, at the interface between irrigated lowland Mesopotamia and the Zagros highlands to the north and east, has long been hypothesized as central to the origins and development of complex societies. It was hotly contested by Bronze Age imperial powers, and offered one of the principle access routes connecting Mespotamia to the Iranian Plateau and beyond. This paper presents an interim report of the Sirwan Regional Project, a regional archaeological survey undertaken from 2013–2015 in a 4000 square kilometre area between the modern city of Darbandikhan and the plains south of Kalar. Encompassing a wide range of environments, from the rugged uplands of the Zagros front ranges to the rich irrigated basins of the Middle Diyala, the project has already discovered a wealth of previously unknown archaeological sites ranging in date from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic through the modern period. Following an overview of the physical geography of the Upper Diyala/Sirwan, this paper highlights key findings that are beginning to transform our understanding of this historically important but poorly known region.

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