scholarly journals Sociologia do conhecimento e da ciência: da sua emergência a Pierre Bourdieu

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bandeira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Critical Notes

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo demonstrar as características da Sociologia do Conhecimento – emergente nas primeiras décadas do século XX – e da Ciência, destacando os principais conceitos deste campo de estudo sociológico, a partir de Max Scheler, dando ênfase à Sociologia do Conhecimento de Karl Mannheim, à Sociologia da Ciência de Robert Merton e à Sociologia do Campo Científico de Pierre Bourdieu. Ademais, objetiva-se, com isso, tecer algumas críticas acerca da característica desinteressada da sociologia da ciência mertoniana, a partir da ideia bourdieusiana de que a ciência é um campo perpassado por intensos conflitos e tensões em torno dos monopólios de autoridade e do capital simbólico.Palavras-Chave: Sociologia do Conhecimento, Sociologia da Ciência, Robert Merton, Karl Mannheim, Pierre Bourdieu.The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the characteristics of the Sociology of Knowledge - which emerged in the first decades of the twentieth century - as well as the ones of the Sociology of Science, highlighting the key concepts of the sociological study field, from Max Scheler, emphasizing  Karl Mannheim's Sociology of Knowledge, Robert Merton's Sociology of Science and Pierre Boudireu's Sociology of Scientific Field. Furthermore, it aims to make some critical notes about the uninterested trait of the Merton's Sociology of Science, from Bourdieu's perspective of science as a field interwined by strong conflicts and tensions surrounding the monopoly of authority and symbolic capitalKeywords: Sociology of Knowledge, Sociology of Science, Robert Merton, Karl Mannheim, Pierre Bourdieu.

scholarly journals Sociologia do conhecimento em Mannheim, Bloor e Bourdieu: alguns princípios teóricos e metodológicos

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Hochsprung Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Elementary Principals ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Social Study ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
The Social

Esse artigo discute as ideias e princípios metodológicos fundamentais da sociologia do conhecimento proposta por Karl Mannheim, David Bloor e Pierre Bourdieu. A compreensão do nexo entre o conhecimento e sua posição social, a concepção da construção social do conhecimento científico e o estudo da razão das lutas travadas no campo científico correspondem a propostas diferentes a respeito do procedimento de pesquisa em sociologia do conhecimento as quais esse artigo pretende esclarecer. Ao mesmo tempo, aproximando-se dos conhecimentos elementares das propostas de cada autor, identificam-se desafios comuns entre os autores ao tentarem compor seu plano metodológico para a sociologia do conhecimento, dentre eles a incontornável condição de reflexividade desses estudos que exige que a própria sociologia submeta-se ao escrutínio da condição social da produção de seu conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Sociologia do Conhecimento; Reflexividade; Objeto e método; Karl Mannheim; David Bloor; Pierre Bourdieu.This article discuss the fundamental ideas of Karl Mannheim, David Bloor, and Pierre Bourdieu about the social study of knowledge. The study of nexus between knowledge and its social position, the conception of social construction of scientific knowledge and the study of struggles in the scientific field correspond to different proposals and procedures in sociology of knowledge discussed by the authors. However, approaching the elementary principals of the sociology of knowledge, we can see a common difficulty in trying to compose a methodological plan for the sociology of knowledge, the inescapable condition of reflexivity in the social studies of knowledge as proposed by Mannheim, Bloor and Bourdieu.Keywords: Sociology of Knowledge; Methods; Concepts, Reflexivity; Karl Mannheim; David Bloor; Pierre Bourdieu.

What would a Bourdieuan sociology of scientific truth look like?

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Theory Of Science ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
Social Logic ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Idealistic View

In his last lecture delivered at the Collège de France, Pierre Bourdieu criticizes relativist sociology of science for failing to capture the truly social logic of scientific practice and asserts that his argument of 30 years ago can still work as a corrective to the relativist sociology of science. However, Bourdieu's critics concur that his field theory of science is not only theoretically defunct but also empirically deficient. In this article, I do two things. First, after showing why, in Bourdieu's field theory of science, the distinction between the two explanatory categories deployed by the relativists dissolves, I argue that, contrary to the critics' claims, Bourdieu's field theory of science has the distinctively Bourdieuan elements that sharply distinguish it not only from the Mertonian/Habermasian idealistic view of science but also from that of relativist sociology of science. The second part of this article discusses a sociological study of scientific practice and indicates the way in which Bourdieu's theoretical arguments can be empirically substantiated.

scholarly journals On the Possibilities of Sociological Application of the Concept of “Ressentiment” by M. Scheler

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-77
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Presnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Preliminary Observation ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Search Directions

The author reveals the concept of “ressentiment” in the works of Max Scheler. It is highlighted that this concept is the continuation and development of Sheler’s axiological doctrine, it forms the foundation of his sociology of knowledge and philosophical anthropology. Analysis of Scheler’s ideas about “ressentiment” in the works of foreign and domestic authors made it possible to determine the areas of possible application of this concept in various fields of research. The author comes to the conclusion that studying Sheler’s heritage can not only philosophically deepen the sociological study of society, but also outline the current search directions in various branches of social and humanitarian knowledge. The author demonstrates the theoretical and methodological potential of applying the concept of “ressentiment”, based on the example of analyzing changes in the modern perception of human corporeality in general and the beauty of the human body in particular. The concept of “bodily ressentiment” is introduced, while revealing features of the “coup in values” mechanism, which manifests itself in the desire to practically change one’s own body. People with copious tattooing have become the object of preliminary observation within the context of the sociological study of the mass perception of human corporeality. Interpreting the results of in-depth interviews allowed for identifying the possibilities of empirically applying M. Scheler’s concept of “ressentiment”. Although the mental and psychological characteristics associated with ressentiment were not noticed in everyone who applies a large number of tattoos on his or her body, it is possible, regardless, to establish a connection between experiencing ressentiment and one’s propensity to constantly apply tattoos. It should be noted that the author of this study was not out to determine the prevalence of “bodily ressentiment”. His goal was to detect external signs and to reveal states of consciousness which most likely would indicate towards an emerging and developing ressentiment connected with one’s body.

scholarly journals Construção, usos sociais e busca de legitimidade das tecnologias da geoinformação do INPE | Construction, social uses and legitimation of geioinformational technologies at INPE

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Augusto Sobral Escada ◽  
Guilherme Reis Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
De Se ◽  
Social Uses ◽  
Independent Model

Resumo Este artigo analisa a experiência de um grupo de cientistas e especialistas do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) que buscou consolidar e legitimar, ao longo de duas décadas, um modo próprio de produção de conhecimento científico e tecnológico. Mudanças de paradigma da Política de C&T, nos anos 1990, retiraram o apoio governamental de seus desenvolvimentos, obrigando-os a mudar suas ações estratégicas para que permitisse manter e preservar o modelo endógeno e autônomo de produção do conhecimento. O artigo trabalha com a perspectiva de Pierre Bourdieu (2001), aplicada ao campo científico, e a noção de “translação” de Bruno Latour (2000). A abordagem sociológica contempla e naturaliza os jogos de interesses e disputas no interior do campo científico, bem como destaca o processo de legitimação científica e social do conhecimento. O artigo tem como objetivo principal oferecer uma contribuição aos processos de discussão do modelo das políticas de CTI, principalmente na definição dos conhecimentos a serem produzidos e absorvidos pelo processo de desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. O artigo destaca a necessidade de se ampliar e aprofundar mecanismos democráticos, adotando maior inclusão e transparência nas disputas do campo científico e das políticas de C&T, condições básicas para alcançar um consenso geral que permita emergir um desenvolvimento desejado e planejado por boa parte da sociedade.Palavras-chave Sociologia do Conhecimento, produção de conhecimento, legitimação, democracia e desenvolvimentoAbstract This article analyzes the experience of a group of scientists and specialists from the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) who aimed to consolidate and legitimize, throughout two decades, its own way of producing scientific and technological knowledge. Changes of paradigm in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Politics, during the 90s, removed governmental support from its developments, compelling scientists to change their strategic actions in order to preserve their endogenous and independent model of knowledge production. The article uses Pierre Bourdieu´s (2001) perspective applied to scientific field and the notion of “translation” from Bruno Latour`s (2000) point of view. The sociological approach contemplates and naturalizes interest games and disputes in the scientific field, as well as emphasizes the scientific and social legitimating process of knowledge. The main objective of this article is to offer a contribution to STI politics model discussion processes, mainly those that define the knowledge produced and absorbed by the Brazilian economic and social development process. The article highlights the necessity of extending and deepening democratic mechanisms, adopting more inclusiveness and transparency into the scientific field and STI politics, basic conditions to reach a general consensus so that a desired and planned development by the majority of society may emerge.Keywords sociology of knowledge, knowledge production, legitimation, democracy and development

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Critical Literature

This introduction provides an overview of Rich Russians, a sociological study of Russia’s new rich. It delineates the approach applied in conducting biographical narrative interviews with multimillionaires, billionaires, their spouses, and their children. It underlines that the individuals concerned are themselves highly conscious of the need to explain their success during the transition to a market economy and justify the more refined forms of distinction which they now display in order to distance themselves from upstart imitators. It also reviews the critical literature on the study of the Russian elite and of social distinction in other countries, especially the work of Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu. These studies remained distinct from one another due to the absence of a Russian bourgeoisie in twentieth-century history. The current study is the first to bring these traditions together in recognition of the fact that a bourgeoisie has now appeared in Russia.

Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of ‘generationalism’

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semi Purhonen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Potential Source

This article first examines the role of the concept of generation in Pierre Bourdieu’s work. It shows that Bourdieu’s usage of the concept of generation varied throughout his œuvre and that Bourdieu seldom if ever used the concept in the same sense as Karl Mannheim and many subsequent sociologists who have understood generation as a potential source of identity and political mobilization. However, and second, the article argues that Bourdieu’s sociology does have much to offer for the sociological study of generations, but only if we stop concentrating on those rare passages in which he explicitly used the word ‘generation’. We should focus instead on his more general approach to the genesis of social groupings, classification struggles and the difficult relationships of representation. The application and extension of Bourdieu’s ideas demonstrated here can provide a welcome antidote to so-called generationalism – a simplified and exaggerated picture of generations, which dates back to early 20th-century European intellectuals and which can still be found in today’s popular discourses as well as in academic studies.

Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Key Concepts

scholarly journals KAJIAN LIVING AL-HADITS ATAS TRADISI SHALAT BERJAMA’AH MAHGRIB-ISYA` DI RUMAH DUKA 7 HARI DI DUSUN NUGUK, MELAWI, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Al-Hikmah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi Parwanto
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Expressive Meaning ◽  
Objective Meaning

The analysis used in this study is Karl Mannheim's sociology of knowledge, especially on three aspects of meaning: Objective meaning, expressive meaning and documentary meaning. The results of this study are: 1) Objective Meanings, all people believe that the traditions they do are inherited from their predecessors; 2) Meaning of Expression, they believe in fadhilah by reciting yasin and tahlil can help the body in the grave; and, 3) Documentary Meanings, they do not realize the meaning implied or hidden in the tradition, so that the actor or actor does not realize that what he is doing is an expression that shows the culture as a whole. (Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori sosiologi pengetahuan Karl Mannheim, terutama pada tiga aspek makna: Makna objektif, makna ekspresif dan makna dokumenter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Makna Objektif, semua masyarakat meyakini bahwa tradisi yang mereka lakukan adalah ‎warisan dari pada pendahulu mereka; 2) Makna Ekspresi, mereka meyakini ‎fadhilah dengan dibacakan yasin dan tahlil dapat menolong mayat di alam kubur; ‎dan, 3) Makna Dokumenter, mereka tidak menyadari makna yang tersirat atau ‎tersebunyi di dalam tradisi tersebut, sehingga aktor atau pelaku tindakan tidak ‎menyadari bahwa apa yang dilakukannya itu merupakan suatu ekspresi yang ‎menunjukan kepada kebudayaan secara keseluruhan).‎

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