Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Critical Literature

This introduction provides an overview of Rich Russians, a sociological study of Russia’s new rich. It delineates the approach applied in conducting biographical narrative interviews with multimillionaires, billionaires, their spouses, and their children. It underlines that the individuals concerned are themselves highly conscious of the need to explain their success during the transition to a market economy and justify the more refined forms of distinction which they now display in order to distance themselves from upstart imitators. It also reviews the critical literature on the study of the Russian elite and of social distinction in other countries, especially the work of Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu. These studies remained distinct from one another due to the absence of a Russian bourgeoisie in twentieth-century history. The current study is the first to bring these traditions together in recognition of the fact that a bourgeoisie has now appeared in Russia.

Status, Lifestyle, and Taste

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Savage
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Middle Classes

The concepts of status, lifestyle, and taste have played a powerful role in the sociological lexicon for well over a century. Their deployment from the later nineteenth century, especially in the thinking of Georg Simmel and Max Weber, was itself a marker of a new modern sensibility that defined the intellectual territory of nascent sociology. The idea that taste and lifestyles were both a fragment of modernity, and a means of recovering lost solidarities, proved both appealing and enduring to the project of sociology as a whole. This article examines the argument of Pierre Bourdieu, the single most influential figure whose work now commands the central stage in debates related to status, taste, and lifestyle. It also considers how arguments about the remaking of status, taste, and lifestyle are related to dramatic social change during the twentieth century associated with the rise of the white-collar middle classes, the cultural industries, and Americanization. Finally, the article discusses the recent fortunes of what might be termed cultural elitism, Weber's concept of styles of life, and Bourdieu's notion of cultural reproduction.

scholarly journals Sociologia do conhecimento e da ciência: da sua emergência a Pierre Bourdieu

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bandeira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Critical Notes

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo demonstrar as características da Sociologia do Conhecimento – emergente nas primeiras décadas do século XX – e da Ciência, destacando os principais conceitos deste campo de estudo sociológico, a partir de Max Scheler, dando ênfase à Sociologia do Conhecimento de Karl Mannheim, à Sociologia da Ciência de Robert Merton e à Sociologia do Campo Científico de Pierre Bourdieu. Ademais, objetiva-se, com isso, tecer algumas críticas acerca da característica desinteressada da sociologia da ciência mertoniana, a partir da ideia bourdieusiana de que a ciência é um campo perpassado por intensos conflitos e tensões em torno dos monopólios de autoridade e do capital simbólico.Palavras-Chave: Sociologia do Conhecimento, Sociologia da Ciência, Robert Merton, Karl Mannheim, Pierre Bourdieu.The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate the characteristics of the Sociology of Knowledge - which emerged in the first decades of the twentieth century - as well as the ones of the Sociology of Science, highlighting the key concepts of the sociological study field, from Max Scheler, emphasizing  Karl Mannheim's Sociology of Knowledge, Robert Merton's Sociology of Science and Pierre Boudireu's Sociology of Scientific Field. Furthermore, it aims to make some critical notes about the uninterested trait of the Merton's Sociology of Science, from Bourdieu's perspective of science as a field interwined by strong conflicts and tensions surrounding the monopoly of authority and symbolic capitalKeywords: Sociology of Knowledge, Sociology of Science, Robert Merton, Karl Mannheim, Pierre Bourdieu.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schimpfössl
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
The Rich

The conclusion summarizes key themes in the rich Russians’ stories: their origins both in the transition to a market economy and in earlier Soviet history, and their subsequent search for social distinction. This book has been grounded in the assumption that the upper-class individuals analyzed wish to be convinced that they deserve their position because of who they are and their superior qualities. It has stressed the importance of the view of fellow bourgeois peers in the outlook of the bourgeoisie, rather than the issue of social legitimacy in the eyes of the Russian population, which is a task that lays ahead of the second generation of bourgeoisie. Current moves away from crude ostentation toward more etiquette, more family, and some degree of modesty, philanthropy, and patriotism are essential if the bourgeoisie is to reproduce itself and if it is to keep its place in a post-Putin Russia.

Changing National Business Systems: Corporate Governance and Financing in the Netherlands, 1945–2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abe de Jong ◽  
Ailsa Röell ◽  
Gerarda Westerhuis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Shareholder Rights ◽  
Business Systems ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Corporate System ◽  
National Business Systems ◽  
National Business

This study traces the evolution of corporate governance and financing structures in the Netherlands during the second half of the twentieth century. A description of Dutch shareholder rights, fi nancing structures, and networks of directors reveals the changes that have occurred in many aspects of the Dutch corporate system over the course of six decades. The case of Royal Ahold illustrates some of the developments that have taken place. Most indicate a transition from a coordinated market economy to a more liberal system. The internationalization of the Dutch economy, which has played an important role in the transition of the system, is reflected in the expansion of Dutch firms beyond the national borders and in the growing number of foreign investors in Dutch fi rms.

1968. The “Prague Spring”: Fifty Years Later. Historical Essays

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Reader ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Military

This book is devoted to a symbolic event that defined the life and values of several generations. Half a century ago, Czech communists tried to give a new impetus to their country’s system of government by combining socialist values with a rational market economy and the mechanisms of a developed democracy. This effort failed, and the state was occupied by the military. This book is the result of joint efforts by Russian, Czech, and Romanian historians, archivists, and cultural and literary scholars, who—exploring new documents and materials—have reinterpreted these events and their lessons from a present-day perspective. Objectively, the “Prague Spring” is from a bygone era, but it is still a milestone, and many of the problems encountered during the Prague Spring are still relevant today. The authors hope that they have contributed to the historiography of the now-distant events of 1968 and that their contributions will help in analysing the experiences of the past in order to be prepared for the events of the future. This book is aimed at specialists in the history and culture of Central and Eastern Europe, students of higher educational institutions, and the general reader interested in twentieth-century history.

scholarly journals Political participation of the chinese youth in market economy and implication on communist youth league

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2489-2498
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Youth Organizations ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Communist Youth League

Political participation entails citizens’ engagement to exert influence on the political process and policies in a desired direction. Therein, participation of the youth has significance as a transient yet constantly receiving community with potential to shape the course of history in any society. The activities and functions of youth organizations have been pivotal in effecting changes in the twentieth century Asian socio-political and economic realms. Under the similar circumstances, the People’s Republic of China appears to be continuously evolving its social, economic, political and cultural regimes in response to the fluctuating demands of the citizens and the youth. This Essay fathoms changes in political participations of the youth in China, its implication on the Communist Youth League and how the Communist Youth League responds in the era of Market Economy.

Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

Origins of Progressivism

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
German State ◽  
Normative Concept

This chapter describes German state theory in the nineteenth and twentieth century. It describes this tradition in order to clarify the relevance of German ideas to the American context. American political scientists and legal scholars frequently rely on German thinkers such as Max Weber and Carl Schmitt to understand the state. But these divergent assessments lack a grounding in the longer trajectory and the institutional dilemmas of German legal theory. The chapter provides that broader context and directs readers’ attention to the most promising strand of German thought: the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel. Hegel would have formative significance for the Progressive thinkers who developed the American administrative state. Hegel understood the state’s purpose to be the advancement of freedom. The chapter contextualizes this idea and shows its influence throughout the nineteenth century, in the Rechtsstaat theories of Robert von Mohl, Lorenz von Stein, and Rudolf von Gneist. It then shows how this normative concept of the state was emptied out with the turn to legal positivism at the end of the century. Weber’s formal-rational conception of bureaucracy then arrived at a particularly unstable moment in German constitutional history, in the transition from monarchy to democracy. Weber’s bifurcated conception of legal and charismatic authority paved the way for Schmitt’s proto-totalitarian theory of the state. The chapter concludes by showing how German theorists in the second half of the twentieth century, such as Jürgen Habermas, continued to rely on Weber’s instrumental conception of bureaucracy.

An Enchanting Exchange

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Erin S. Finzer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Emotional Intimacy ◽  
Revolutionary Movements

The publications of Ediciones Vigía have intense emotional lives that provoke surprise and enchantment among reader-viewers. This chapter explores how and why Vigía books have become such prized possessions by highlighting their circulation through both the market economy of collectors, consumers, and tourists and the affective economy of gift exchange. It theorizes that the emotional intimacy and aesthetic experience engendered by the handcrafted books draw reader-viewers into the press’s community of writers, artists, artisans, and admirers. This investment, in turn, provides a symbolic antidote to the spiritual deprivation of a utilitarian state and re-inspires the liberating idealism once promised by twentieth-century Latin American revolutionary movements.

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