Keadilan Restoratif dan Korban Pelanggaran HAM (Sebuah Telaah Awal)

Various violations on human right happening in Indonesia today have never been completely solved. Victims of human right violations (direct or indirect victims) find it difficult to access justice through the existing criminal law today. Difficulties in proving the violations committed by the actors make it harder for the justice to be in the victim’s side. For any reasons, the violations of human rights should be brought into the court. It is surely not easy to do so as the retributive justice applied so far has not been able to solve the existing problems and to give fairness to the victims. Restorative justice is therefore considered as a potential way out for a justice to take place for the crime actors, victims and society in general. In various types of criminal actions such as domestic violence, law –violatingchildren and traffic crime, the restorative justice has been successfully applied and it is now under evaluation in human right related cases. This is done in order to find out the effectiveness of this restorative justice in solving those cases. This writing aims to find out opportunities for the restorative justice implementation in solving human right violations in Indonesia. Keywords: Human Right violation victims, restorative justice, rehabilitation.

Download Full-text

Clouding the Judgment of Domestic Violence Law: Victim Blaming by Institutional Stakeholders in Cambodia

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515588919 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1358-1378 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Katherine Brickell

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Police Officers ◽

Victim Blaming ◽

The Everyday ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Institutional Stakeholders ◽

The Relationship ◽

Government Authority ◽

Do So ◽

Domestic Violence Law

This article examines victims’ purported complicity in the judicial failures of domestic violence law to protect them in Cambodia. It is based on 3 years (2012-2014) of research in Siem Reap and Pursat Provinces on the everyday politics of the 2005 “Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of the Victims” (DV Law). The project questioned why investments in DV Law are faltering and took a multi-stakeholder approach to do so. In addition to 40 interviews with female domestic violence victims, the research included 50 interviews with legal and health professionals, NGO workers, low- and high-ranking police officers, religious figures, and local government authority leaders who each have an occupational investment in the implementation and enforcement of DV Law. Forming the backbone of the article, the findings from this latter sample reveal how women are construed not only as barriers “clouding the judgment of law” but also as actors denying the agency of institutional stakeholders (and law itself) to bring perpetrators to account. The findings suggest that DV Law has the potential to entrench, rather than diminish, an environment of victim blaming. In turn, the article signals the importance of research on, and better professional support of, intermediaries who (discursively) administrate the relationship between DV Law and the victims/citizens it seeks to protect.

Download Full-text

22. Transitional Justice

Human Rights: Politics and Practice ◽

10.1093/hepl/9780198708766.003.0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Joanna R. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Transitional Justice ◽

Civil Conflict ◽

Retributive Justice ◽

Social Implications ◽

Human Rights Violations ◽

Difficult Question ◽

The Social

This chapter examines the link between transitional justice and human rights. Atrocities such as genocide, disappearances, torture, civil conflict, and other gross violations of human rights leave states with a puzzling and often difficult question: what to do with the perpetrators of such acts of violence. Transitional justice takes into account the social implications of such conflicts. Its emphasis is on how to rebuild societies in the period after human rights violations, as well as with how such societies, and individuals within those societies, should be held to account for their actions. The chapter considers three paradigms of transitional justice, namely: retributive justice, restorative justice, and reparative justice. It also discusses the proliferation of the number of mechanisms of transitional justice at work and concludes with a case study of transitional justice in Uganda.

Download Full-text

MENGGAGAS MODEL RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA MARITAL RAPE DALAM MEMBENTUK PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN YANG SESUAI DENGAN NORMA HUKUM DI INDONESIA

Jurnal Ius Constituendum ◽

10.26623/jic.v3i1.864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Wahyu Beny Mukti Setiyawan ◽

Hadi Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Social Life ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Marital Rape ◽

Medical Aid ◽

Legal Norms ◽

Justice Model ◽

Recovery Problem

AbstraksiIndonesia merupakan Negara hukum. Hukum bertujuan untuk menciptakan perdamaian dan ketentraman dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Tetapi dalam kenyataannya banyak sekali penyelewengan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Salah satu contohnya yaitu kasus kejahatan dalam berumah tangga. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) sebenarnya telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 yang mengatur tentang penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Kejahatan rumah tangga yang paling merusak keutuhan rumah tangga salah satunya yaitu kasus marital rape. Sedangkan dalam Undang-undang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) belum mengatur khusus tentang atau masalah marital rape. Ada cara yang sangat membantu untuk mengatasi masalah marital rape yaitu dengan metode pendekatan restorative justice. Dengan pendekatan model ini, maka masalah marital rape akan terpecahkan karena tujuan dari model restorative justice ini mengutamakan suatu keadilan dan pemulihan masalah tanpa jalur pidana. Restorative justice akan berhasil dilaksanakan di masyarakat jika memperhatikan norma-norma yang ada di masyarakat terkhusus Norma Hukum. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan sosialisasi tentang restorative justice di kalangan masyarakat agar pelaksanaan restorative justice bisa menyelesaikan kasus marial rape di indonesia. Penyelesaian kasus marital rape dengan metode pendekatan restorative justice dapat berupa memberikan solusi dengan konsultasi psikologi, jika cara tersebut belum berhasil, bisa menggunakan cara hukum, dimana korban bisa menggugat cerai si pelaku, dan jika si korban mengalami kekerasan fisik yang dilakukan pelaku, korban bisa mendapatkan bantuan medis. Abstract Indonesia merupakan Negara hukum .Indonesia is a Nation of law. The aim of law is to create peace and tranquility in social life. But in the reality many once misappropriation that occurred in society. For instance in case of crime in household. Domestic Violence (KDRT) actually has arranged in Constitution Number 23 of 2004 that governing abolishment violence in household. One of the most factor which demage households integrity is case in marital rape. While in Constitution Domestic Violence (KDRT) there is no special regulation yet against marital rape. There is a really helpfull way to resolve marital rape with approach restorative justice method. With approach this model, then problem marital rape will solved because aim of this restorative justice model give priority for a justice and recovery problem without criminal law. Restorative justice will successful held in community if pay attention norms that exist in community especially the Legal Norms. Therefore socialization about restorative justice are needed in circles community for implementing restorative justice in order to solve case of marital rape in Indonesia. Settlement of marital rape with restorative justice approach method could actualized through psychology consultation, if that way not successful yet, the victim could take litigation way, where she could divorce the perpetrator, and if the victim has experience Physical violence by perpetrators, the victims could acquired medical aid.

Download Full-text

The aftermath of transnational illegal adoptions: Redressing human rights violations in the intercountry adoption system with instruments of transitional justice

Childhood ◽

10.1177/09075682211064430 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 090756822110644

Author(s):

Elvira C Loibl

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Transitional Justice ◽

Retributive Justice ◽

Human Rights Violations ◽

Intercountry Adoption ◽

Adoption System

A growing movement of illegally adopted individuals request remedies and reparations for the human rights violations that they and their biological families had suffered. This article explores a number of measures that the stakeholders in the receiving countries can use in an effort to repair the human rights violations caused by illegal intercountry adoptions, borrowing ideas from transitional justice. In order to effectively redress the harm inflicted upon victims of illegal adoptions, a policy on remedies should combine instruments of retributive justice, aimed at holding wrongdoers accountable, with measures of restorative justice that focus on the victims’ needs and interests.

Download Full-text

Toward the Truth About the Trc: a Response To Key Moral Criticisms of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Religion and Theology ◽

10.1163/157430199x00209 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 303-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wilhelm J. Verwoerd

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

South African ◽

Retributive Justice ◽

Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽

Human Rights Violations ◽

The South ◽

Reconciliation Commission ◽

Human Community ◽

Truth And Reconciliation

AbstractIn this article the 'genre' of the TRC Report is clarified in order to answer some of the criticisms of the TRC. It is argued that the TRC conceptualised its role as the promotion of restorative justice rather than retributive justice. Justice and reconciliation is served not by isolating perpetrators of gross human rights violations but by restoring human community. Different aspects of the effects of the TRC's work are considered, namely reconciliation, amnesty and forgiveness Justice-based and reconciliation-based criticisms of the TRC are answered.

Download Full-text

Protection From Domestic Violence: An Essential Human Right or a “Fight” Against Masculinity?

Kriminologijos studijos ◽

10.15388/crimlithuan.2016.4.10732 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

SALOMĖJA ZAKSAITĖ

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Human Rights ◽

International Criminal ◽

Good Practice ◽

Cultural Issues ◽

Human Right ◽

European Court ◽

Feminist Theories ◽

International Laws ◽

Law Making

I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent.M. GandhiDomestic violence is associated with various contemporary legal and cultural issues: fundamental human rights, non-discrimination, hatred, feminist theories, Western roots of aggression etc. In this article, the protection from domestic violence is viewed in the light of national and international laws, of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as of certain criminological insights. The structure of the research is divided as follows: first, the substantive issues of domestic violence and the concept of such aggressive actions are investigated. To illustrate the relation between international, criminal, civil and social security law, a schematic interaction between the aforementioned substantive laws is introduced. Secondly, procedural issues are analyzed, certain good practice examples are presented and reflections on law-making are laid out.

Download Full-text

Violence Against Women in South Africa

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801212453430 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 580-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ramadimetja S. Mogale ◽

Kathy Kovacs Burns ◽

Solina Richter

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Human Rights ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Sexual Offense ◽

The Government ◽

Forms Of Violence

Violence against women (VAW) in South Africa remains rampant, irrespective of human rights– focused laws passed by the government. This article reflects on the position of two acts: the Domestic Violence Act No 116 of 1998 and Criminal Law (Sexual Offense and Related Matters) Act No 32 of 2007. Both are framed to protect women against all forms of violence. The article discusses the prisms of the two laws, an account of the position taken or interpreted by the reviewed literature regarding the acts, and the findings and recommendations regarding the infrastructure and supports needed to appropriately implement the two acts.

Download Full-text

PIDANA PENJARA DALAM PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA

Yustisia Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.20961/yustisia.v3i2.11088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dede Kania

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Justice Theory ◽

Key Word ◽

Penal Law

AbstractImprisonment as the main criminal is the most threatened against offenders. Imprisonment in Indonesia criminal law as a legacy of colonial law enforcement. With the development of the concept of criminal theory form retributive to restorative sentencing, imprisonment and the implementation should be reviewed so that can be in accordance with human rights principles. This research examined the imprisonment in the Indonesian criminal law, customary criminal law, and Islamic Penal law, and also the concept of imprisonment renewal in the concept of Criminal Law Code of Indonesia, and then what is the punishment that is accordance with restorative justice theory that can protect the human rights of the convicted person, victims, and society.Key Word: Imprisonment, human rights, restorative justice.AbstrakPidana penjara sebagai pidana pokok merupakan pidana yang paling banyak diancamkan terhadap pelaku kejahatan. Pemberlakuannya merupakan peninggalan hukum kolonial. Dengan perkembangan pemikiran mengenai konsep pemidanaan dari retributif ke restoratif, pelaksanaan pidana penjara pun harus dikaji ulang sehingga dalam penjatuhan maupun pelaksanaannya dapat sesuai dengan prinsip hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan pidana penjara dalam hukum pidana Indonesia, hukum pidana adat, dan hukum pidana Islam, serta konsep pembaharuan pidana penjara dalam RKUHP, kemudian bentuk pembaharuan pemidanaan apakah yang sesuai dengan teori restorative justice yang dapat melindungi hak asasi terpidana, korban, dan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pidana penjara, hak asasi manusia, keadilan restoratif

Download Full-text

MEDIASI PENAL: ALTERNATIFf PENYELESAIAN PERKARA KDRT

Hukum Islam ◽

10.24014/hi.v18i1.6168 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Ludfi Ludfi ◽

Jumati Jumiati ◽

Febriana Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Restorative Justice ◽

Justice System ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Retributive Justice

AbstractSettlement of domestic violence cases in Indonesia still uses the retributive justice approach, the settlement of these cases is solely intended to impose sanctions on perpetrators of domestic violence without considering the loss suffered by the victim. Therefore, Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Elimination of Domestic Violence regulates the rights of victims in obtaining justice through the criminal justice system so that the aim is not only to take action against perpetrators but also protect victims of domestic violence.Further, Government Regulation Number 4 of 2006 concerning the Implementation and Cooperation of the Recovery of Victims of Domestic Violence intersects with the concept of restorative justice. This can be seen by the regulation of the recovery of victims of domestic violence involving collaboration with various parties. However, when compared, it is still considered not enough to provide protection and recover victims of domestic violence, because only one goal is set from restorative justice, the recovery of victims. This regulation still puts victims as objects by putting the victims away to participate in the criminal justice system, and not explaining the recovery process, which is the ultimate goal of restorative justice.

Download Full-text

Peniadaan Pidana Penjara bagi Pelaku Lansia dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana, Dapatkah Keadilan Restoratif Tercapai? (Elimination of Imprisonment for Erderly Criminal Offenders in Criminal Law Reform, Can Restorative Justice Be Achieved?)

Negara Hukum Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan ◽

10.22212/jnh.v11i1.1583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Puteri Hikmawati

Keyword(s):

Restorative Justice ◽

Criminal Law ◽

The Elderly ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Law Reform ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Human Right ◽

Criminal Offenders ◽

Community Needs ◽

The Government

The Criminal Code Bill which has been approved by the House of Representatives and the Government, but has been delayed on its legalization, contains provisions to eliminate imprisonment for elderly over 75 years. Protection of the elderly is a human right because it belongs to vulnerable groups, such as children. For children in conflict with the law, restorative justice has been applied with diversion, where a solution is sought by involving the offenders, victims and the community. This article is written with normative juridical research method that examines the elimination of imprisonment for elderly criminal offenders in criminal law reform; with a question on achievability of restorative justice, which is expected to enrich criminal law extensive knowledge. This issue is important because the Criminal Code has not yet regulated the protection of elderly criminal offenders. Based on the results of the study, the judge was given an alternative sentence to impose a criminal fine to the elderly as a substitute for imprisonment, with due regard to the objectives and guidelines for punishment, as well as under strict conditions. Thus, restorative justice for elderly criminal offenders can't be achieved. The application of restorative justice should be carried out with regard to the rights of victims to obtain compensation. Therefore, there is a need for readiness of laws and regulations, law enforcement officers, and the community. The community needs to be given an understanding that, children and the elderly are vulnerable groups, and their rights are guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution. With age as their major factor, elderly are exposed to social, economic and health limitations. AbstrakRUU KUHP yang telah disetujui oleh DPR dan Pemerintah, namun ditunda pengesahannya memuat ketentuan untuk sedapat mungkin tidak menjatuhkan pidana penjara bagi lansia di atas usia 75 tahun. Pelindungan terhadap lansia merupakan hak asasi manusia karena termasuk dalam kelompok rentan, seperti halnya anak. Terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum telah diterapkan keadilan restoratif dengan diversi, dimana diupayakan penyelesaian dengan melibatkan pelaku, korban, dan masyarakat. Penulisan artikel dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif ini mengkaji peniadaan pidana penjara bagi pelaku lansia dalam pembaruan hukum pidana, dapatkah keadilan restoratif tercapai?, yang diharapkan dapat menambah khasanah ilmu pengetahuan hukum pidana. Hal ini penting, mengingat KUHP belum mengatur pelindungan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana lansia. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, hakim diberikan alternatif pemidanaan untuk menjatuhkan pidana denda bagi lansia sebagai pengganti pidana penjara, dengan memperhatikan tujuan dan pedoman pemidanaan, serta syarat-syarat yang ketat. Dengan demikian, keadilan restoratif bagi pelaku lansia, tidak dapat tercapai. Penerapan keadilan restoratif hendaknya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan hak korban untuk memperoleh ganti rugi. Oleh karena itu, perlu kesiapan peraturan perundang-undangan, aparat penegak hukum, dan masyarakat. Terhadap masyarakat perlu diberikan pemahaman bahwa, anak dan lansia merupakan kelompok rentan, yang haknya dijamin oleh UUD 1945. Seorang lansia karena faktor usianya menghadapi keterbatasan sosial, ekonomi, dan kesehatan.

Download Full-text