scholarly journals Running Training After Stroke: A Single-Subject Report

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen W Miller ◽  
Stephanie A Combs ◽  
Caryn Fish ◽  
Brooke Bense ◽  
Amanda Owens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Step Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Phase Step ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Muscle Groups

Background and PurposeAlthough many people who have had a stroke are primarily interested in learning to walk, some are able to focus on a return to recreational and sporting activities. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of intensive task-oriented training in the body-weight–support/treadmill environment to improve running for a subject after stroke.SubjectThe subject was a 38-year-old man who had a stroke 2.5 years previously.MethodsA single-subject design with baseline, intervention, immediate postintervention, and 6-month postintervention phases was conducted. Dependent variables included 25-m sprint time, single-leg balance, running step width, running step length ratio, Stroke Impact Scale, 6-minute walk test, and lower-extremity strength (force-generating capacity).ResultsAt the 6-month postintervention phase, sprint speed, left single-leg balance, and step width changed significantly from the baseline phase. Step length ratio trended toward less symmetry but more consistency, and muscle strength improved more than 20% in 6 of 8 muscle groups in the involved lower extremity and 4 of 8 muscle groups in the uninvolved lower extremity.Discussion and ConclusionIntensive task-specific training was feasible and effective for retraining running ability in the study subject. He returned to recreational running, which provided him with a greatly improved outlook and a better quality of life.

Prosthesis Design for Bilateral Hip Disarticulation Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Mauricio Plaza Torres ◽  
William Aperador
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Patient Mobility ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Crush Injuries ◽  
High Level

Hip disarticulation is an amputation through the hip joint capsule, removing the entire lower extremity, with closure of the remaining musculature over the exposed acetabulum. Tumors of the distal and proximal femur were treated by total femur resection; a hip disarticulation sometimes is performance for massive trauma with crush injuries to the lower extremity. This article discusses the design a system for rehabilitation of a patient with bilateral hip disarticulations. The prosthetics designed allowed the patient to do natural gait suspended between parallel articulate crutches with the body weight support between the crutches. The care of this patient was a challenge due to bilateral amputations at such a high level and the special needs of a patient mobility.

scholarly journals An objective measure of gait using ink footprints

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Riley ◽  
M. Goodman ◽  
V. U. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Distance Measurements

A study was conducted to test the usefulness of seven temporal distance measurements (measurements of time and distance) in the assessment of functional ambulation in stroke patients. These measurements were obtained simply and inexpensively using a paper walkway and ink footprints.The gait of ten hemiparetic patients was initially assessed according to the Massachusetts Functional Ambulation Rating. Each patient was then instructed to walk at his/her most comfortable speed along a ten metre paper walkway while velocity and cadence were measured. Ink pads were then attached to the heel and toe of each shoe and the patients walked again along the walkway.Measurements of step length, stride length, stride length: lower extremity length ratio, foot angle and width of base were recorded and analysed.Velocity and cadence were found to correlate well with the functional ambulation rating. Step length was found to correlate with the functional ambulation rating, but the longer step was not always taken with the affected leg. Stride length and stride length: lower extremity length ratio correlated well with the functional ambulation rating. Foot angle and width of base did not correlate with function but all hemiparetic patients showed a greater foot angle with the affected leg.This method of data collection is inexpensive and easy to use in any physiotherapy department although the data analysis is time-consuming.

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Step Parameters During Crutch-Assisted Gait as a Dual-Task: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Ridao-Fernández ◽  
Joaquín Ojeda ◽  
Gema Chamorro-Moriana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Step Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Nondominant Hand ◽  
Length Step ◽  
Step Parameters

The main objective was to analyze the changes in the spatial and temporal step parameters during a dual-task: walking with a forearm crutch to partially unload the body weight of the subject. The secondary objective was to determine the influence of the use of the crutch with the dominant or nondominant hand in the essential gait parameters. Seven healthy subjects performed gait without crutches (GWC) and unilateral assisted gait (UAG) with the crutch carried out by dominant hand (dominant crutch (DC)) and nondominant hand (nondominant crutch (NDC)). Gait was recorded using a Vicon System; the GCH System 2.0 and the GCH Control Software 1.0 controlled the loads. The variables were step length, step period, velocity, step width, and step angle. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared GWC and UAG while also analyzing the parameters measured for both legs with DC and NDC in general and in each subject. Wilcoxon test only found significant differences in 1 of the 15 general comparisons between both legs. In the analysis by subject, step length, step period, and velocity showed significant differences between GWC and UAG. These parameters obtained less differences in DC. The effect of a forearm crutch on UAG caused a reduction in step length and velocity, and an increase in step period. However, it did not entail changes in step angle and step width. UAG was more effective when the DC carried the crutch. The unloading of 10% body weight produced an assisted gait which closely matched GWC.

Influence of gravitational forces on function of lower extremity muscles

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Houtz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Forward Bending ◽  
Muscle Groups

Action potentials were recorded by surface electrodes from the quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae muscle groups as 12 normal adolescents performed a series of changes in posture. Postural movements consisted of sitting, standing, squatting, sit-ups, unilateral standing with contralateral lower extremity exercise, trunk forward bending with knee flexion and extension, and the head stand. Photographs were taken to assist in analyzing change in body position during the activities. The hamstrings and triceps surae resist forces tending to flex the supporting extremity when the trunk or contralateral limb is suspended anteriorly. The quadriceps and tibialis anterior act volitionally or by lengthening contraction to move the body vertically. The muscles participating in an activity and their specific functions are influenced by gravitational forces, the weight and position of various body segments, and the point of contact with the supporting surface. electromyography; thigh and leg muscles; postural exercises; human male and female Submitted on February 3, 1964

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Body Weight Support System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhendong Song ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wenbing Wang ◽  
Guoqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Series Elastic Actuator ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Support Force ◽  
Body Weight Support System

This paper proposes a body weight support (BWS) system with a series elastic actuator (SEA) to facilitate walking assistance and motor relearning during gait rehabilitation. This system comprises the following: a mobile platform that ensures movement of the system on the ground, a BWS mechanism with an SEA that is capable of providing the desired unloading force, and a pelvic brace to smooth the pelvis motions. The control of the body weight support is realized by an active weight-offload method, and a dynamic model of the BWS system with offload mass of a human is conducted to simulate the control process and optimize the parameters. Preliminary results demonstrate that the BWS system can provide the desired support force and vertical motion of the pelvis.

scholarly journals ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES IN ADOLESCENT GYMNASTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0011
Author(s):  
Katie Kim ◽  
Michael Saper
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Orthopedic Injuries ◽  
Extremity Injuries

Background: Gymnastics exposes the body to many different types of stressors ranging from repetitive motion, high impact loading, extreme weight bearing, and hyperextension. These stressors predispose the spine and upper and lower extremities to injury. In fact, among female sports, gymnastics has the highest rate of injury each year. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on location and types of orthopedic injuries in adolescent (≤20 years) gymnasts. Methods: The Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, EBSCO (CINAHL) and Web of Science databases were systematically searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify all studies reporting orthopedic injuries in adolescent and young adult gymnasts. All aspects of injuries were extracted and analyzed including location, type and rates of orthopedic injuries. Results: Screening yielded 22 eligible studies with a total of 427,225 patients. Twenty of 22 studies reported upper extremity injuries of which four specifically focused on wrist injuries. Eight studies reported lower extremity injuries. Nine studies reported back/spinal injuries. Seven studies investigated each body location of injury; one study reported the upper extremity as the most common location for injury and six studies reported the lower extremity as the most common location for injury. Of those seven studies, five (23%) reported sprains and strains as the most common injury. One study reported fractures as the most common injury. Conclusion: There is considerable variation in reported injury location. Some studies focused specifically on the spine/back or wrist. The type of gymnastics each patient participated in was also different, contributing to which area of the body was more heavily stressed, or lacking. Current literature lacks data to fully provide evidence regarding which body region is more frequently injured and the type of injury sustained.

scholarly journals Regional Associations of Cortical Thickness With Gait Variability: The Tasmanian Study of Cognition and Gait

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Oshadi Jayakody ◽  
Monique Breslin ◽  
Richard Beare ◽  
Velandai Srikanth ◽  
Helena Blumen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
Thickness Ratio ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Regional Associations

Abstract Gait variability is a marker of cognitive decline. However, there is limited understanding of the cortical regions associated with gait variability. We examined associations between regional cortical thickness and gait variability in a population-based sample of older people without dementia. Participants (n=350, mean age 71.9±7.1) were randomly selected from the electoral roll. Variability in step time, step length, step width and double support time (DST) were calculated as the standard deviation of each measure, obtained from the GAITRite walkway. MRI scans were processed through FreeSurfer to obtain cortical thickness of 68 regions. Bayesian regression was used to determine regional associations of mean cortical thickness and thickness ratio (regional thickness/overall mean thickness) with gait variability. Smaller overall cortical thickness was only associated with greater step width and step time variability. Smaller mean thickness in widespread regions important for sensory, cognitive and motor functions were associated with greater step width and step time variability. In contrast, smaller thickness in a few frontal and temporal regions were associated with DST variability and the right cuneus was associated with step length variability. Smaller thickness ratio in frontal and temporal regions important for motor planning, execution and sensory function and, greater thickness ratio in the anterior cingulate was associated with greater variability in all measures. Examining individual cortical regions is important in understanding the relationship between gray matter and gait variability. Cortical thickness ratio highlights that smaller regional thickness relative to global thickness may be important for the consistency of gait.

Lower-Extremity Biomechanics and Maintenance of Vertical-Jump Height During Prolonged Intermittent Exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
John C. Cone ◽  
Timothy J. Copple ◽  
Robert A. Henson ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Context:Potential biomechanical compensations allowing for maintenance of maximal explosive performance during prolonged intermittent exercise, with respect to the corresponding rise in injury rates during the later stages of exercise or competition, are relatively unknown.Objective:To identify lower-extremity countermovement-jump (CMJ) biomechanical factors using a principal-components approach and then examine how these factors changed during a 90-min intermittent-exercise protocol (IEP) while maintaining maximal jump height.Design:Mixed-model design.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:Fifty-nine intermittent-sport athletes (30 male, 29 female) participated in experimental and control conditions.Interventions:Before and after a dynamic warm-up and every 15 min during the 1st and 2nd halves of an individually prescribed 90-min IEP, participants were assessed on rating of perceived exertion, sprint/cut speed, and 3-dimensional CMJ biomechanics (experimental). On a separate day, the same measures were obtained every 15 min during 90 min of quiet rest (control).Main Outcome Measures:Univariate piecewise growth models analyzed progressive changes in CMJ performance and biomechanical factors extracted from a principal-components analysis of the individual biomechanical dependent variables.Results:While CMJ height was maintained during the 1st and 2nd halves, the body descended less and knee kinetic and energetic magnitudes decreased as the IEP progressed.Conclusions:The results indicate that vertical-jump performance is maintained along with progressive biomechanical changes commonly associated with decreased performance. A better understanding of lower-extremity biomechanics during explosive actions in response to IEP allows us to further develop and individualize performance training programs.

scholarly journals Effect of wearing diapers on toddler’s gait

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Ueda ◽  
Haruna Asano ◽  
Kyoko Tsuge ◽  
Kanako Seo ◽  
Motoki Sudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Bulk Stress ◽  
Joint Dynamics ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
High Bulk

AbstractGait maturation in infants develops gradually through several phases. However, external factors such as childrearing practices, especially the wearing of diapers, may affect an infant’s motor development. This study investigated the influence of different bulk stresses on the gait of toddlers wearing a disposable diaper. Twenty-six healthy toddlers (age: 19.2 ± 0.9 months) participated in this study. We measured the joint kinematics (pelvis angle and hip-joint angle) and spatiotemporal parameters (step length and step width) of the toddlers’ gait under four dress conditions (wearing Type A_WET, Type A_DRY, and Type B_WET diapers and naked). Type B_WET had a higher bulk stress than Type A_WET, and Type A_DRY had lower stress than Type A _ WET. Our results indicate that the walk of toddlers when wearing a diaper differs from that when naked. This difference is due to the effect of the bulk of the diaper on the lower limb. A high bulk stress has a greater influence than that of a low bulk stress on joint dynamics and step width. Therefore, our findings suggest that wearing diapers with high bulk stress may inhibit the natural gait patterns of toddlers.

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