PENGELOMPOKAN TITIK GEMPA DI PULAU SULAWESI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ST-DBSCAN (Spatio Temporal-Density Based Spatial Clustering Application with Noise)

Earthquake is a natural disaster which is quite serious in Indonesia, especially on Sulawesi Island. Earthquake is fearful because it can’t be predicted when it will come, where it will come, and how strong the vibration, that often causes fatal damage and casualties. In effort to minimize losses caused by earthquake, it is necessary to divide areas which are easily affected by earthquake. One of the methods that can be used in dividing the area is by using the clustering technique. This research by using a clustering method with the ST-DBSCAN (Spatial Temporal-Density Based Spatial Clustering Application with Noise) algorithm on dataset of earthquake points in Sulawesi Island in 2019. This method by using the spatial distance parameters (Eps1 = 0.45), the temporal distance parameters (Eps2 = 7), and minimum number of cluster members (MinPts = 4), resulting in a total of 60 clusters with 8 large clusters and 216 noises

Pay Now or Pay Later: The Impact of Time on Payment Preference in Hotel Booking

The “book now, pay later” phenomenon is one form of payment which has flow-on effects such as increasing last-minute cancelations. To encourage prepayment, some hotels have been offering a price discount or free upgrade for choosing the “pay now” option, but little is known about which incentives can generate better outcomes. This study aims to examine what types of payment options are preferable based on the time between booking and check-in (i.e. temporal distance), and to investigate how the payment options and temporal distance jointly influence perceived risks. The findings demonstrate that while people prefer the pay now with monetary incentive option when traveling time is in the near future, they mostly prefer the pay later option when traveling time is distant. In addition, people planning a trip in the distant future perceive significantly higher risks from the pay now with non-monetary and monetary incentive options than from the pay later option.

End-to-End Autonomous Exploration with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Intrinsic Motivation

Developing artificial intelligence (AI) agents is challenging for efficient exploration in visually rich and complex environments. In this study, we formulate the exploration question as a reinforcement learning problem and rely on intrinsic motivation to guide exploration behavior. Such intrinsic motivation is driven by curiosity and is calculated based on episode memory. To distribute the intrinsic motivation, we use a count-based method and temporal distance to generate it synchronously. We tested our approach in 3D maze-like environments and validated its performance in exploration tasks through extensive experiments. The experimental results show that our agent can learn exploration ability from raw sensory input and accomplish autonomous exploration across different mazes. In addition, the learned policy is not biased by stochastic objects. We also analyze the effects of different training methods and driving forces on exploration policy.

Word Distance Affects Subjective Temporal Distance

The kappa effect is a well-reported phenomenon in which spatial distance between discrete stimuli affects the perception of temporal distance demarcated by the corresponding stimuli. Here, we report a new phenomenon that we propose to designate as the lexical kappa effect in which word distance, a non-magnitude relationship of discrete stimuli that exists in the lexical space of the mental lexicon, affects the perception of temporal distance. A temporal bisection task was used to assess the subjective perception of the time interval demarcated by two successively presented words. Word distance was manipulated by varying the semantic (Experiment 1) or phonological (Experiment 2) similarity between the two words. Results showed that the temporal distance between the two words was perceived to be shorter when the corresponding two words were lexically closer. We explain this effect within the internal clock framework by assuming faster detection of the word that terminated timing when it is preceded by a semantically or phonologically similar word.

Satellite data validation: a parametrization of the natural variability of atmospheric mixing ratios

High-resolution model data are used to estimate typical variabilities of mixing ratios of trace species as a function of spatial and temporal distance. These estimates can be used to explain that part of the differences between observations made with different observing systems that are due to less than perfect collocation of the measurements. The variability values are described by a two-parameter regression function. A reparametrization of the variabilities values as function of latitudinal graidents is proposed, and season-independence of linear approximation of such function is demonstrated.

Variable Future-Time Expression in Spanish: A Comparison between Heritage and Second Language Learners

This paper examines the expression of futurity in Spanish, specifically the periphrastic future (PF), the morphological future (MF), and the present indicative (PI) in heritage language learners (HLLs) and second language learners (L2 learners), a comparison that allowed us to explore whether linguistic experience provides HLLs an advantage over L2 learners in the domain of morphosyntax. These forms (PF, MF, and PI) are regulated by certainty, temporal distance, and the presence of temporal adverbials. Previous research showed that L2 learners acquire some of these linguistic constraints and that HLLs tend to reduce the MF to modal uses. Data from a contextualized acceptability judgment task completed by 46 HLLs and 42 L2ers manipulated for verb form, certainty, temporal distance, and adverb and revealed that (i) the PF and the MF were generally rated higher than the PI, (ii) HLLs were sensitive to the three linguistic factors examined, while the L2ers’ sensitivity was modulated by proficiency, and, relatedly, (iii) the two groups differed in the effect of proficiency. For the L2 learners, an increase in proficiency led to a closer pattern to that of monolingual native speakers (only for temporal distance). Differences in exposure to and instruction in Spanish are discussed as possible sources of these differences.

Let's play with emojis! How to make emojis more effective in social media advertising using promocodes and temporal orientation

PurposeThe authors aim to examine how the construal level, either as an individual temporal orientation or temporal distance of promotion, moderates the effects of emojis' emotional intensity on consumers' purchase intentions in social media advertising.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments are used to test four hypotheses.FindingsThe results of two experimental studies show that present-oriented participants reveal greater purchase intentions when low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis are embedded in a social media ad; but future-oriented consumers showed no difference when viewing ads with the two different emojis. In Study 2, participants indicate greater purchase intentions when a social media ad includes a distant-future promocode and high (vs low) emotionally intense emojis and an ad with a near-future promocode and low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis.Originality/valueThe current study advances our understanding how emojis with different emotional intensities can be effectively used in social media ads. This study also provides theoretical implications to construal level theory (CLT) by examining how emojis interact with construal level, either as a chronic tendency or simulated by psychological distance, can influence consumer response.