scholarly journals Grounding Early Intervention: Physical Therapy Cannot Just Be About Motor Skills Anymore

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Lobo ◽  
Regina T. Harbourne ◽  
Stacey C. Dusing ◽  
Sarah Westcott McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Intervention Goal ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
The Moment

This perspective article provides support for 4 interrelated tenets: grounded perceptual-motor experience within cultural and social contexts forms cognition; exploration through early behaviors, such as object interaction, sitting, and locomotion, broadly facilitates development; infants and children with limited exploration are at risk for global developmental impairments; and early interventions targeting exploratory behaviors may be feasible and effective at advancing a range of abilities across developmental domains and time. These tenets emphasize that through the promotion of early perceptual-motor behaviors, broader, more global developmental advancements can be facilitated and future delays can be minimized across domains for infants and children with special needs. Researchers, educators, and clinicians should build on these tenets to further demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted early interventions. The goals of these interventions should be not only to advance targeted perceptual-motor skills in the moment but also to more broadly advance future abilities and meet the early intervention goal of maximizing children's learning potential.

scholarly journals Parents’ Perceptions of Early Interventions and Related Services for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faihan Alotaibi ◽  
Nabil Almalki
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Government

<p class="apa">The present study sought to examine parents’ perceptions of early interventions and related services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia. In this study a survey was distributed to a sample of 80 parents with children who have ASD. Parents also were asked open-ended questions to enable them to provide suggestions. The findings indicate that parents have varying perceptions of early interventions and related services. However, they seem to agree that these services are important in assisting their children. Accordingly, parents have suggested that the government needs to increase these services by providing more centers for children with ASD in Saudi Arabia, providing more specialists to deal with children with ASD, promoting inclusion in regular schools and providing more information on early intervention.</p>

scholarly journals Historia rozwoju Republiki Rzymskiej według Polibiusza

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Anna Ceglarska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The State ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mutual Relation ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

History of the rise of the Roman Republic as described by Polybius The aim of this article is to refer Polybius’s political theory, included in Book VI of The Histories, to the history of the rise of the Roman Republic. This theme must have been particularly significant for Polybius. For him, Rome was the most perfect example of a mixed government system, and the aim of describing its history was to show the development of this perfect system. The article presents the mutual relation of theory and history, starting with the period of kingship, up to the emergence of the democratic element, i.e. the moment when Rome acquired the mixed system of government. Both the political and social contexts of the changes are outlined. The analysis suggests that Polybius related his political theory to the history of the state he admired, thus providing the theory with actual foundations. Reconstructing his analysis makes it possible to see the history of Rome in a different light, and to ponder the system itself and its decline, even though the main objective of both Polybius and this article is to present its development.

A study to evaluate the provision of psychosocial supervision within an Early Intervention team

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra T. Neil ◽  
Sarah Nothard ◽  
David Glentworth ◽  
Elaine Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
The Uk

AbstractPsychosocial Interventions (PSIs) and PSI supervision underpin the delivery of early interventions for people experiencing psychosis. Early Intervention (EI) teams are relatively new in the NHS and there is currently a lack of empirical research into PSI supervision in this area. This study aimed to elicit staff views of PSI supervision and to identify any unmet supervision needs within a newly developed EI team in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 multidisciplinary team members. Descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis were used to analyse the responses. The different types of supervision available to team members, gaps in the provision of PSI supervision and aspects that supervisees found helpful and unhelpful about PSI supervision are discussed as are ideas for improving the provision of PSI supervision in EI teams. The limitations of the study and ideas for further research are also outlined.

Application and Integration of Psychological First Aid in First Responder Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 813-837
Author(s):  
Emily F. Brucia ◽  
Matthew J. Cordova ◽  
Angelique Finestone ◽  
Josef I. Ruzek
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Trauma Recovery ◽  
First Responder ◽  
Critical Incident Stress Management ◽  
Critical Incident Stress ◽  
Psychological First Aid ◽  
Stress Debriefing

First responders are exposed to many potentially traumatic events throughout their careers. Given the risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes secondary to frequent trauma exposure, access to culturally-sensitive, evidence-informed early intervention is paramount. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and components therein (e.g., Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, peer support) represent the most commonly utilized early interventions within first responder organizations. Limited research has evaluated these models, and evaluation of early interventions presents many challenges due to characteristics of first responder cultures and organizational demands and constraints. Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a widely endorsed and promising evidence-informed early intervention model grounded in research on trauma recovery and resilience. This chapter examines the theoretical underpinnings and core actions of PFA and describes the potentially diverse applications of PFA within first responder organizations and concludes by discussing recommendations and future directions.

Early intervention for children with learning disabilities: making use of what we know

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gore ◽  
Richard Hastings ◽  
Serena Brady
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family System ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Difficulties

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a rationale for increasing initiatives for early intervention of emotional and behaviour difficulties. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on existing literature regarding rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties together with risk factors and processes related to the development of such difficulties. Findings – Rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties amongst children with learning and developmental difficulties are high. A combination of factors relating to the child, the family system, and wider social contexts is likely to account for this. Research limitations/implications – Increased attempts to provide early intervention to children with learning and developmental disabilities together with their families are warranted. Recommendations are made regarding how the development of such supports might best be taken forward. Originality/value – Whilst drawing on pre-existing literature, the value of this paper is the way in which this has been drawn together to provide an overview of risk and development of behavioural and other difficulties amongst children with learning/developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of early intervention on malocclusion and its impact on craniofacial growth: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Patrícia Valério ◽  
Tina Poklepović Peričić ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Cristina Grippau ◽  
Júlia dos Santos Tavares Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Nutritive Sucking ◽  
Masticatory Ability ◽  
The Impact

This review aims to assess the available evidence related to the effectiveness of early interventions on malocclusion and its impact on the craniofacial structure among children under six years of age. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between nutritive sucking behavior mechanisms on the oral facial components. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and the LILACS from inception to December 10, 2020, to identify published randomized and non-randomized controlled trials that investigated the broad spectrum of early interventions for the treatment of malocclusions among pediatric patients under six years old. We have also included studies that evaluated the impact or the relationship between feeding alternatives, malocclusion, and craniofacial growth. Reviewers working in pairs investigators independently performed title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment using ROBINS-I tool, and rated the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Seven studies were included (783 patients), with an overall risk of bias classified as critical. Early treatment was shown to improve facial asymmetry, particularly in the lower part of the face, along with an increase of palatal volume and palatal surface. Early treatment showed important reduction of mandibular protrusion and length, leading to favorable sagittal growth of the maxilla. Furthermore, the early intervention significantly enhanced the average bite force magnitude (from 318.20 N to 382.79 N) and increased the general thickness of facial muscles. Our findings suggest that the benefits generated by early orthodontic interventions are related to the improvement of craniofacial symmetry/bone structure, and refinement of masticatory ability and performance. Notwithstanding, there is still a need for further studies appraising patient-important outcomes, such as quality of life and nutritional features.

scholarly journals Competency-Based Approach in Early Interventions Aimed to Children and Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
A.M. Kazmin
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Situational Interest ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Development Of Competencies

The article outlines the theoretical basis of the competence approach in early intervention aimed to children and their families, developed by the author. The concept, structural and functional aspects of competence are considered from the perspective of the theory of procedural analysis. Seven levels of competence development are identified: situational interest, pre-competence, minimal, initial, extended, adaptive and advanced competence. The main types of competencies in young children have been determined, including individually oriented, socially oriented, executive, universal and complex ones. A description of the properties of competencies is shown, including spontaneous activation, associated positive affect, openness and flexibility, the tendency towards explicitness, the ability to combine with other competencies. The following principles of the development of competencies were revealed: naturalness, involvement, autonomy, explicitness, balance, complexity and de-contextualization. The application of the approach is illustrated by 2 cases. The possibilities and limitations of the approaches are being discussed.

The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Strick ◽  
Richard P. Dum ◽  
Jean-Alban Rathelot
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Motor Behaviors ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Coordination ◽  
Motor Areas

What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity in primates? Dexterity, or skill in performing motor tasks, depends on the ability to generate highly fractionated patterns of muscle activity. It also involves the spatiotemporal coordination of activity in proximal and distal muscles across multiple joints. Many motor skills require the generation of complex movement sequences that are only acquired and refined through extensive practice. Improvements in dexterity have enabled primates to manufacture and use tools and humans to engage in skilled motor behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, and sports. Our analysis leads to the following synthesis: The neural substrate that endows primates with their enhanced motor capabilities is due, in part, to ( a) major organizational changes in the primary motor cortex and ( b) the proliferation of output pathways from other areas of the cerebral cortex, especially from the motor areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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