scholarly journals Significance of Traditional Materials and Their Substitution with Newly Available Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Ferenc Zamolyi
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Architectural Survey

This article focuses on the region of Central Timor, settled by the Atoni Meto people, who live in round houses built on the ground. There seem to have developed local peculiarities in vernacular architecture, which require the use of wooden materials of different size, shape and state of processing. Changes in local vernacular architecture were also induced by the recent availability of modern materials such as bricks, concrete and corrugated iron. The aim of this article is to explore how such building materials are used and whether they are/ can be integrated into local vernacular building traditions. Fieldwork conatining architectural survey was conducted in Timor in May 2004 in Maubesi, and in June 2011 near Soe and  Nikiniki (villages None, Supul and Boti)  and Kefamenanu (among others the villages of Fafenesu, Maslete and Tamkessi). Some of the materials seem to have a strong effect on the layout or design of the buildings, whereas in other cases, such effects are far more subtle. In some cases, the new materials are used to imitate the more traditional ones, with astonishing results, and often incorporating structural details from the older technology and traditional materials which are copied. New materials already influence the building due to their different, new properties, and designs are devised to adapt to these changes, which in the end result in an altered building. In other cases, there is no compatibility at all, and old forms and designs are abandoned in favour of a new concept supported by new materials

scholarly journals Evaluation of spatial comfort on vernacular architecture in Aceh Besar District as a form of local wisdom in adapting surrounding environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 881 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
Izziah ◽  
L H Sari ◽  
E Meutia ◽  
I Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Daylight Performance

Abstract Aceh is located in a warm humid climate area. It has high relative humidity, which averages almost 80% and an air temperature of 27.50C. This study aims to evaluate the structure and material of a vernacular architectural style of the Indrapuri Mosque, located in Aceh Besar district, in relation to spatial comfort. The representation of vernacular architecture in relation to spatial comfort is the implication of the local wisdom value in designing architecture that is adaptive to the surrounding environment. In terms of spatial comfort, the study focuses on examining thermal and daylight performances. In doing this, primary data were collected by conducting a field survey and mechanical measurement. In supporting primary data, written sources as secondary data that related to the study were reviewed. The study found that a few new building materials installed have affected spatial discomfort. These new materials create a high indoor thermal performance. Concerning daylight performance, the whole interior space of the mosque receives adequate sunlight. However, a few building materials that have been replaced with new materials have affected spatial discomfort.. The study thus shows that traditional buildings are still suitable to be used in the current time. To anticipate having high indoor temperature, the installment of new material through building conservation activities should pay attention to the character of new materials close to the original building material.

Symbolic Use of Wind-Catchers in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafooneh Mokhtarshahi Sani ◽  
Payam Mahasti Shotorbani
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
Building Elements

In recent decades, Iranian vernacular architecture has defined the local architectural identity by demonstrating distinctive characteristics. Defining such a critical role for vernacular studies has led to different approaches in the design of the contemporary architecture of Iran. The first approach of integrating vernacular and contemporary designs has focused on local people, their needs, local construction, and building materials. The revival of vernacular architectural design and building elements has been at the forefront of this approach in Iran. However, recent use in Iran has concentrated on the symbolic/abstract reuse of vernacular building forms. Vernacular architecture is known to merely provide for the functional requirements of buildings, and not for aesthetic purposes. Conversely, in the second approach, vernacular building elements are considered to be symbols of local identity. This paper will argue that although the symbolic reuse of vernacular features may not uphold the functional expectations of the vernacular form, this reuse is useful in reviving architectural identity. In addition, underscoring such a different role for vernacular building features in contemporary architecture might help to expand the realm of vernacular studies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the conversion of vernacular architecture in Iran by focusing on the instance of wind-catchers. Wind-catchers typically were used in residential buildings and are considered potent symbols of climate adaptation. In contemporary architecture, however, a form of wind-catcher has been used as a symbol for local architectural identity. Through this transformation, the essential nature of the wind-catcher has found new life in the contemporary architecture of Iran.

Inheritance and Innovation of Ecological Materials from Traditional Buildings in Zhejiang, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Dan Hua Ying ◽  
Xua Nang Hu ◽  
Jian Ge ◽  
Dian Xin Jia ◽  
Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
New Countryside Construction ◽  
New Countryside ◽  
Large Investment

This article engages in a survey on the countryside’s building materials in Zhejiang province, and indicates problems in the new countryside construction during the early 1990s to 2005: on one side, rarely few new materials for energy-conservation is being used; on the other side, traditional materials of local characteristics are abandoned. Therefore, this article indicates a range of materials which make improvement or innovation on traditional ones for the characteristic of Zhejiang rural areas. Then comparison is made between clay brick and these ecological materials. As a result, this guides villagers to improve the indoor thermal comfort and to promote rural economic development without large investment.

scholarly journals Aportes para el análisis comparativo del comportamiento higrotérmico y mecánico de los materiales de construcción con tierra

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Cuitiño-Rosales ◽  
Rodolfo Rotondaro ◽  
Alfredo Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Earth Block

Resumen Se analizan las características térmicas y de resistencias mecánicas de materiales y elementos constructivos elaborados con suelos naturales estabilizados. La metodología parte de la recopilación bibliográfica de fuentes primarias, secundarias e información de ensayos propios, sobre la densidad, la conductividad térmica y las resistencias a la compresión, a la flexión y al corte correspondientes al adobe, los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC), la tapia y la quincha, según diferentes autores. Además, se consideraron los valores establecidos por normas argentinas IRAM referidas al acondicionamiento térmico de edificios. Se elaboraron comparaciones entre sí y con algunos materiales industrializados, tales como los bloques de hormigón, los ladrillos cerámicos huecos y los ladrillos cocidos macizos. A partir de este análisis, se concluyó que la revisión bibliográfica no es suficiente para obtener una estandarización de los valores de conductividad y transmitancia térmica de los materiales y los elementos constructivos naturales. Así mismo, a partir de las comparaciones de valores se pudo observar cómo se relacionan la densidad de los materiales y la de los morteros, según las distintas técnicas, con el comportamiento térmico y las resistencias mecánicas. Palabras clave: Adobe; arquitectura sostenible; bahareque; bloque de tierra comprimida-BTC; materiales vernáculos de construcción; propiedades térmicas; quincha; resistencia mecánica; tapial   Comparative analysis of the thermal aspects and mechanical resistances for materials and elements of earth construction Abstract The thermal characteristics and mechanical resistance of some materials and constructive elements elaborated with stabilized natural soils are analyzed. The methodology took into account the bibliographic compilation of primary and secondary sources and information from own tests, on density, thermal conductivity and resistance to compression, flexion and cutting, corresponding to adobe, BTC, tapia and wattle and daub, according to different authors. In addition, it was considered the values established by Argentine standards IRAM referring to the thermal conditioning of buildings. Comparisons were made with each other and with some industrialized materials such as concrete blocks, hollow ceramic bricks, and solid fired bricks. From this analysis, it was concluded that the literature review is not enough to obtain a standardization conductivity and thermal transmittance values of natural building materials and elements. Furthermore, from the comparisons of values it was possible to observe how the density of materials and mortars, according to the different techniques, are related to thermal behavior and mechanical resistance. Keywords: Adobe; sustainable architecture; bahareque; compressed earth block (BTC); vernacular building materials; thermal properties; quincha; mechanical strength; tapial; wattle; daub   Recibido: octubre 22 / 2018  Evaluado: septiembre 10 / 2019  Aceptado: octubre 15 / 2019 Publicado en línea: noviembre de 2019                               Actualizado: noviembre de 2019

scholarly journals AN EXPERIENCE AIMED AT PROMOTING VERNACULAR BUILDING CULTURE IN SUSUDEL (ECUADOR)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 623-628
Author(s):  
G. Barsallo ◽  
F. Cardoso ◽  
L. Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Community Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. The richness of the historical landscape environments of the popular architecture which is often built with vernacular systems whose technology and knowledge are transmitted from generation to generation through practice, suffers a series of threats caused by the irruption of new architecture models and the use of industrialized materials. Also the social factors have built stigmata and contempt or undervaluation for traditional ways of solving the habitat or architecture of community interest such as communal houses, temples, etc. This has caused a loss of quality and personality in the environments in which rural and marginal urban communities live in ecuadorian territory. One of the factors clearly identified as driving this breakdown of the natural process of loss of wisdom and knowledge, has been the distancing of new generations from what their parents do or did. Many times falsely articulated to a denial of local culture itself and ostentation on the basis of architecture unrelated to the place. With these considerations as a backdrop, a workshop for adults and children was set up. The objective was to build intergenerational bridges and to foster an appreciation of vernacular architecture, jointly discovering the benefits and the nobility of this way of doing architecture, and articulating it with the patrimonial values of the place. This article analyzes an experience applied between the years 2018 and 2019, in the community of Susudel, in Ecuador.

Rebuilding Nepal: traditional and modern approaches, building or diminishing resilience?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Masonry Construction ◽  
Action Research Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of vernacular architecture and traditional knowledge to building resilience in Nepal and the impact of modernisation on that resilience and architectural diversity. Design/methodology/approach Using an action research approach, including field observations and discussions with local community members, artisans, architects, engineers and other international experts, the study examines the resilience of traditional building typologies to natural hazards in Nepal, including earthquake; the changes that have occurred over time leading to the failure and/or rejection of traditional construction; and a review of post-earthquake reconstruction options, both traditional and modern. Findings Although traditional approaches have been cyclically tested over time, this study found that changes in building materials, technologies, knowledge and skills, access to resources, maintenance practices, urban environments and societal aspirations have all contributed to the popular rejection of vernacular architecture following the earthquakes. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to traditional timber and masonry construction in the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding mountain areas. Practical implications To improve resilience the study identifies the need for capacity building in both traditional and modern construction technologies; adoption of approaches that use local materials, knowledge and skills, whilst addressing local timber shortages and access issues; a transparent construction certification system; good drainage; and regular maintenance. Originality/value The study critically evaluates the impact of technological, environmental, social and economic changes over time on the resilience of vernacular housing in Nepal.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Vernacular Architecture to the Sustainability: A Comparative Study between the Contemporary Areas and the Old Quarter of a Mediterranean City

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajer Tawayha ◽  
Luis Braganca ◽  
Ricardo Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
New City ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The strongest point of vernacular architecture is the harmony between environment and buildings. Mediterranean vernacular architecture is harmonized with its local context, including culture and traditions. In addition, it respects environmental and climatic factors, construction materials, and morphology. In the past, people in Palestine built their houses according to their possibilities, needs, available materials, topography, and culture. Without any control from the government or any legal limitations or architects, it was people’s architecture, simple architecture. This paper discusses the differences between vernacular and contemporary residential buildings of the city of Nablus at the building scale. The research methodology adopts explanatory qualitative analysis and comparative synthesis methods for both the old and the new buildings of the city of Nablus and considers many parameters of residential buildings such as building materials, interior spaces, openings and vegetation, and the effect of sociocultural values on each. The outcomes of this research allow understanding how the new city residential buildings are far away from the sustainability principles and how the old city is close to it and how the architects and stakeholders could learn from the strategies of vernacular architecture.

Applicability Analysis of Selected Methods of Determining the Moisture Content of Highly Porous Thermal Insulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Lubor Kalousek ◽  
Roman Brzoň ◽  
Zuzana Fišarová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Internal Side ◽  
Building Practice ◽  
Thermal Insulations ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Interior Side

Spray foam thermal insulations are one of new materials, which are now considerably applied in building practice and which are therefore also the aim of current research. In building practice is an effort to apply these materials to very rugged surfaces in both the external and the internal side of the structure. On the interior side, however, the application is connected with the risk of condensation, which is difficult to verify by the measurement. The contribution is focused just on the comparison of methods and measuring devices designed for immediate detection of moisture in the material of sprayed polyurethane foam. The samples of thermal insulation, which have undergone exposing of humidity in accordance with Czech Standards, were compared by the experimental assessment. The obtained results were compared and evaluated, while as expected, the moisture measuring of highly porous thermal insulation is significantly more difficult than the measuring of thermal insulations made of conventional homogeneous building materials.

Fly-Ash Usage in New Cement-Based Material for Concrete Waterproofing

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1902-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Bohus ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Luboš Taranza
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Production ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Secondary Raw Material

Concrete is the most widely used building material and due to its use, water tightness is one of the factors essential for many constructions. Materials applied on concrete surface as secondary protection can have various forms. One of the material group with waterproofing ability, are materials on so called "crystalline technology base". As this material is cement-based its wide world production brings significant effect on environment. To bring on building materials market new materials should be considered its environmental friendlier production. One of the ways for this group of materials with crystalline abilities is replacing cement by other substituent, at best by secondary raw material. This would bring double advantage, lowering usage of cement and on the other hand use of already produced secondary raw material. This article deals with new developed materials based on "crystalline technology" with cement partly replaced by fly-ash substituent. At this article are presented results of new developed screed and coating modifications and its effectiveness on concrete waterproofing.

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