scholarly journals Aportes para el análisis comparativo del comportamiento higrotérmico y mecánico de los materiales de construcción con tierra

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Cuitiño-Rosales ◽  
Rodolfo Rotondaro ◽  
Alfredo Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Earth Block

Resumen Se analizan las características térmicas y de resistencias mecánicas de materiales y elementos constructivos elaborados con suelos naturales estabilizados. La metodología parte de la recopilación bibliográfica de fuentes primarias, secundarias e información de ensayos propios, sobre la densidad, la conductividad térmica y las resistencias a la compresión, a la flexión y al corte correspondientes al adobe, los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC), la tapia y la quincha, según diferentes autores. Además, se consideraron los valores establecidos por normas argentinas IRAM referidas al acondicionamiento térmico de edificios. Se elaboraron comparaciones entre sí y con algunos materiales industrializados, tales como los bloques de hormigón, los ladrillos cerámicos huecos y los ladrillos cocidos macizos. A partir de este análisis, se concluyó que la revisión bibliográfica no es suficiente para obtener una estandarización de los valores de conductividad y transmitancia térmica de los materiales y los elementos constructivos naturales. Así mismo, a partir de las comparaciones de valores se pudo observar cómo se relacionan la densidad de los materiales y la de los morteros, según las distintas técnicas, con el comportamiento térmico y las resistencias mecánicas. Palabras clave: Adobe; arquitectura sostenible; bahareque; bloque de tierra comprimida-BTC; materiales vernáculos de construcción; propiedades térmicas; quincha; resistencia mecánica; tapial   Comparative analysis of the thermal aspects and mechanical resistances for materials and elements of earth construction Abstract The thermal characteristics and mechanical resistance of some materials and constructive elements elaborated with stabilized natural soils are analyzed. The methodology took into account the bibliographic compilation of primary and secondary sources and information from own tests, on density, thermal conductivity and resistance to compression, flexion and cutting, corresponding to adobe, BTC, tapia and wattle and daub, according to different authors. In addition, it was considered the values established by Argentine standards IRAM referring to the thermal conditioning of buildings. Comparisons were made with each other and with some industrialized materials such as concrete blocks, hollow ceramic bricks, and solid fired bricks. From this analysis, it was concluded that the literature review is not enough to obtain a standardization conductivity and thermal transmittance values of natural building materials and elements. Furthermore, from the comparisons of values it was possible to observe how the density of materials and mortars, according to the different techniques, are related to thermal behavior and mechanical resistance. Keywords: Adobe; sustainable architecture; bahareque; compressed earth block (BTC); vernacular building materials; thermal properties; quincha; mechanical strength; tapial; wattle; daub   Recibido: octubre 22 / 2018  Evaluado: septiembre 10 / 2019  Aceptado: octubre 15 / 2019 Publicado en línea: noviembre de 2019                               Actualizado: noviembre de 2019

scholarly journals The Porosity of Stabilized Earth Blocks with the Addition Plant Fibers of the Date Palm

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghani Idder ◽  
Abdelmadjid Hamouine ◽  
Boudjemaa Labbaci ◽  
Rabia Abdeldjebar
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Volume Porosity ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Earth Block

This work is an experimental study to analyze the physical behavior of Stabilized Earth Block (SEB) and reinforced with Plant Fibers of the Date Palm (PFDP). This is part of the valorization of local building materials (earth, fiber) and contributes to reduce the price of housing. Initially, physical tests (Density, Total Water Absorption, and Capillary Absorption) were carried out in preparation for the porosity study. However, the main objective of this study is the investigation of porosity phenomenon using several methods as well as the total porosity estimation, the total volume porosity in water and Open porosity methods, where the mechanical resistance is also considered.  In order to improve the stabilized earth block porosity analyses, various dosages are proposed for cement, lime and fiber. Thus (0%, 5%, 10%) of cement, (0%, 5%, 10%) of lime and the combination (5% cement + 5% lime) with (0%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) of fibers for each composition. The experimental results showed that the addition of fibers increases the porosity of the stabilized earth block proportionally and an increasing quantity of the stabilizer reduces the porosity of the SEB, cement is also more effective at closing pores than lime. Moreover, the compositions 10% cement and the mixture of 5% cement + 5% lime with 0% fiber showed a good results of porosity, for this reason they can be used as a durable building material and good resistance to natural and chemical aggression.

scholarly journals Assessment of Strength of Hollow Concrete Blocks with Holes Reinforced with Half Portion of Coconut Shells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Anu S Das ◽  
Ansu V ◽  
Megha P ◽  
Nithin M Thomas ◽  
Sachin A K
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Arch Action ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Coconut Shells

Natural building materials are diminishing day by day. Hence economical alternatives of natural building materials are necessary for sustainable development. Hollow concrete block was developed to reduce the use of natural building materials. Agricultural waste products like coconut shells from coconut industry have disposal problems causing environmental concerns. Various studies were done in the past, replacing a portion of the natural aggregates with broken coconut shells for manufacturing the hollow concrete blocks. In this study, we have developed a new method of forming the holes of hollow concrete blocks by placing stacks of half portion of coconut shells at the bottom with convex surface upwards to reinforce the holes by arch action. The results show that the coconut shell reinforced hollow concrete blocks have better strength as compared to open-graded hollow concrete blocks available in the market.

scholarly journals Influence of cement content on the thermal properties of compressed earth blocks (CEB) in the dry state

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01059
Author(s):  
N. Zakham ◽  
Y. El Rhaffari ◽  
A. Ammari ◽  
M. Cherraj ◽  
H. Bouabid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Earth Block

The Compressed Earth Block (CEBs) is one of the kinds of building materials which stabilized by cement. Soil is a basic component, a renewable, non-toxic and natural resource. Samples must be stabilized with a limited percentage of cement so that samples do not lose their natural properties including thermal comfort and on other hand offer high mechanical resistance. The objective of this work is to study the effect of cement content on thermal behavior of the building material of CEBs in the dry state, by studying variation of temperature with time, and measuring thermal conductivity and the specific heat, with respect to the various cement ratios added to the samples. This study is mainly an experimental and numerical, to determine how the thermal behavior evolves with the cement content in the samples CEBs. The soil was extracted from the famous city Fez in Morocco, Fez is known for its several historical monuments and buildings. After determining its granulometry and other specific characteristics, the CEBs are made by mixing soil with cement. The samples are put in plastic bags for two weeks, then removed the plastic bags from the samples and let them to dry again for an additional two weeks away from direct sun. The samples CEBs are taken cylindrical form (8 cm diameter with an average height of 12 cm). The experimental method consists of a hot ring for which a numerical modelization was developed to fit the mathematical equations of heat diffusion and the boundary conditions. For the numerical model Bouabid and Cherraj have developed numerical model which allow, with a good accuracy, to quantify the evolution of the thermal behavior of the earth material in function of cement content. Indeed, the study provides information on the influence of the cement percentage on the thermal behavior of the samples CEBs, the thermal behavior of samples increase with increase cement content.

scholarly journals Environmental Profile on Building Material Passports for Hot Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Almusaed ◽  
Asaad Almssad ◽  
Raad Z. Homod ◽  
Ibrahim Yitmen
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Environmental Profile ◽  
Vernacular Building ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Materials Used

Vernacular building materials and models represent the construction methods and building materials used in a healthy manner. Local building materials such as gravel, sand, stone, and clay are used in their natural state or with minor processing and cleaning to mainly satisfy local household needs (production of concrete, mortar, ballast, silicate, and clay bricks and other products). In hot climates, the concept of natural building materials was used in a form that can currently be applied in different kinds of buildings. This concept depends on the proper consideration of the climate characteristics of the construction area. A material passport is a qualitative and quantitative documentation of the material composition of a building, displaying materials embedded in buildings as well as showing their recycling potential and environmental impact. This study will consider two usages of building materials. The first is the traditional use of building materials and their importance in the application of vernacular building strategies as an essential global bioclimatic method in sustainable architecture. The second is the affordable use of new building materials for their availability and utilization by a large part of society in a way to add more detail to research. The article aims to create an objective reading and analysis regarding specific building materials in order to generate a competent solution of materials that is suitable for building requirements in hot climates. This study evaluates the most suitable Building Material Passports needed in hot climates, where the environmental profile must be analyzed to confirm the use of natural materials.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

scholarly journals Natural Building Materials for Interior Fitting and Refurbishment—What about Indoor Emissions?

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Matthias Richter ◽  
Wolfgang Horn ◽  
Elevtheria Juritsch ◽  
Andrea Klinge ◽  
Leon Radeljic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Partition Walls ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Internal Partition ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Natural Building

Indoor air quality can be adversely affected by emissions from building materials, consequently having a negative impact on human health and well-being. In this study, more than 30 natural building materials (earth dry boards and plasters, bio-based insulation materials, and boards made of wood, flax, reed, straw, etc.) used for interior works were investigated as to their emissions of (semi-)volatile organic compounds ((S)VOC), formaldehyde, and radon. The study focused on the emissions from complete wall build-ups as they can be used for internal partition walls and the internal insulation of external walls. Test chambers were designed, allowing the compounds to release only from the surface of the material facing indoors under testing parameters that were chosen to simulate model room conditions. The emission test results were evaluated using the AgBB evaluation scheme, a procedure for the health-related evaluation of construction products and currently applied for the approval of specific groups of building materials in Germany. Seventeen out of 19 sample build-ups tested in this study would have passed this scheme since they generally proved to be low-emitting and although the combined emissions of multiple materials were tested, 50% of the measurements could be terminated before half of the total testing time.

scholarly journals Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijk Block ◽  
Barbara Kuit ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Patrick Teuffel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING AND USAGE OF PROECOLOGICAL BLOCK EMPTYSEED

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (47) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Jan Cudzik ◽  
◽  
Konstancja Olszewska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Natural Building

Nowadays, finding natural substitutes for mass-produced materials is one of the main tasks faced by scientists and designers. There is an increasing emphasis on the theme of ecology and the need for sustainability. Variants and methods are sought which will create environmentally friendly materials in a fast, relatively inexpensive and ecological way. The aim of this paper is to present different proposals of natural building materials and to demonstrate the research process in the search for an environmentally friendly facade material, analyzing it in terms of strength, durability and aesthetics. One of the reasons for this is the steadily deteriorating environmental conditions. Thus, architects strive to improve environmental safety.

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