Evaluation of Association between Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Salivary Alpha-Amylase and Salivary Cortisol with Chronic Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidooni M ◽  
◽  
Nouri P ◽  
Faramarzi M ◽  
Sadeghi S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Concentration

Introduction: Chronic Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease, which is caused by certain series of bacteria in oral biofilm and leads to teeth supporting tissue destruction. Stress, depression and anxiety can affect periodontium health through variable different mechanisms. Cortisol is secreted from adrenocorticotropic glands in pituitary gland and can be used as index to determine psychological stress rate. Alpha-amylase is an salivary gland enzyme which is regulated through sympatric nervous system. The aim of the following study is to compare between different biomarkers related to the emotional stress, anxiety and depression in saliva and their role on periodontal health and also the correlation between periodontal parameters, stress, depression and anxiety. Method: 90 patients with age ranged from 35 to 45 years were participated in the study. Salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels were measured in them. Levels of Stress, Anxiety and Depresion were evaluated using questionnaires. The relationship between psychological and biochemical factors with chronic Periodontitis were assessed. The results were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The mean concentration of salivary cortisol was 7.87±4.37 ng/ml in the case group and 4.33±2.11 ng/ml in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean concentration of salivary alphaamylase was 3569.27±101.22 U/L in the case group and 3343.44±171.09 U/L in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean stress score was 24.28±3.09 in the case group and 22.96±3.61 in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean anxiety score was 44.11±4.59 in the case group and 36.47±4.30 in the control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean depression score was 19.96±3.58 in the case group and 13.13±3.91 in the control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of these study showed that psychological factors like emotional stress, depression and anxiety and biochemical factors including salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase are higher in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis in comparison to healthy people. also Anxiety and depression are stronger predictors of periodontitis than acute stress and cortisol.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Parafunctional Habits and Salivary Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Khayamzadeh ◽  
Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah ◽  
Pegah Aghababainejad ◽  
Sareh Habibzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives: Parafunctional habits, as one of the etiological factors of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), are an individual’s response to increased stress. During stress and depression, biomarkers such as cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (SAA) are secreted in the saliva. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between salivary stress biomarkers and parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two cases, from May to September 2015, were selected based on two standard stress questionnaires, namely the depression anxiety stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Saliva samples were collected to examine the level of unstimulated salivary cortisol and SAA. The significance of the results was assessed via student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney test (α=0.05). Results: The mean concentrations of cortisol and SAA in unstimulated saliva were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P=0.01 and 0.44, respectively). The mean scores of anxiety, stress, and depression were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that the levels of salivary cortisol and SAA, as well as stress, anxiety, and depression scores, are higher in patients with parafunctional habits.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Romero-Gómez ◽  
Paula Guerrero-Alonso ◽  
Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres ◽  
Blanca Notario-Pacheco ◽  
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca
Keyword(s):  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hospital Anxiety ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hypothyroidism has several symptoms (weight gain, arrhythmias, mood changes, etc.). The aims of this study were (1) to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women and in women without hypothyroidism; (2) to identify variables associated with anxiety and depression. Methods: A case-control study was performed with 393 women. Case-group: 153 levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women. Control-group: 240 women without hypothyroidism. Convenience sampling. Instrument: The Hamilton Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of anxiety in levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women was higher than in women without hypothyroidism (29.4% vs. 16.7%, χ2 p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression in the case group was higher than in the control group (13.1% vs. 4.6%, χ2 p < 0.001). Levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid women were more likely to have anxiety (OR = 2.08, CI: 1.28–3.38) and depression (OR = 3.13, IC = 1.45–6.45). Conclusion: In spite of receiving treatment with levothyroxine, women with hypothyroidism are more likely to have depression and anxiety. Health professionals need to assess the mood of women with hypothyroidism. Although levothyroxine is a good treatment for the symptoms of hypothyroidism, it may not be enough to prevent development or persistence of depression and anxiety by itself.

scholarly journals Pospanost i nesreće kod profesionalnih vozača

Sigurnost ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Hossein Halvani ◽  
Mehrzad Ebrahemzadih ◽  
AliReza Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between sleepiness and accidents among professional drivers in Iran. This is a case-control study carried out among 820 professional drivers of whom 300 drivers were assigned to the case group and 520 drivers were as the control group, of whom 104 cases were excluded from the study because their questionnaire was not completed. Finally, the collected data on 716 cases were analyzed. The data relating to road traffic accidents, demographic factors and sleepiness were collected using questionnaire and interview. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16). The mean of sleepiness score among cases was 6.2 whereas this mean in control group was 4.6. 20.9% of the experimental group had Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)&gt;10 while just 8.2% of the controls had ESS&gt;10. The difference between sleepiness in the case who had precedence of accident and controls without precedence of accident was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001). This study showed that sleepiness in drivers who had precedence of accidents was higher than the drivers without any accidents. Sleepiness can be one of the causes of accidents among the professional drivers in Iran.

Rate of Metabolism of Ethanol in the Mouse

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Nelson ◽  
F. W. Kinard ◽  
M. G. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Linear Manner ◽  
Mean Concentration

Female mice were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol, in dosages of 4 gm/kg. The animals were killed exactly 1 or 3 hours later. Control mice were killed first and then injected as described above. The difference between the mean concentration of alcohol in the homogenized tissues of the control group and that in the individual experimental mouse permitted calculation of the rate of alcohol metabolism over a period of 1 or 3 hours. The rate of alcohol metabolism, in grams per kilogram per hour, was essentially the same during either 1 or 3 hours of metabolism. Therefore, it appears that the mouse metabolizes ethanol in a linear manner during the first 3 hours after ethanol is administered.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Symptoms and Serum Lead Level in Patients with History of Oral Opium Use being Admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firoozabadi and Haft Tir Hospitals, Tehran

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Majid Rezaei Tavirani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Opiate Addicts

Introduction: Drug abuse and its complications is a socio-health problem in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. Smugglers may add lead to drug during drug production, which is in order to increase its weight for greater benefit. Considering the frequency of the patients with various complaints among Iranians, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and serum levels of lead in patients being admitted to Hazrat Rasoul Akram, Firoozgar, Firouzabadi and Haft Tir hospitals with any complaints. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, serum levels of lead were measured in 128 samples in case and control groups. The case group consisted of 64 patients using oral opium who being admitted to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar, Haft Tir and Firouzabadi hospitals with different complaints in May 2017. The control group consisted of 64 patients with no history of addiction that were homogenized with the case group in terms of age and sex. They were evaluated for serum levels of lead and other variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean serum lead level was 76.34±17.82 in the group using opium and was 7.68±3.72 in the control group that the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001). The most common complaints of patients were abdominal pain and symptoms of bowel obstruction. The mean rate of oral opium consumption was 1.73±0.23 in subjects under 50 years old and with a mean of 2.89±0.27 in subjects over 50 years old. Serum lead level was significantly (P = 0.032) increased compared to the amount consumed. Duration of oral opium consumption was 5 months to 30 years with a mean of 15.24 years, which was not significantly correlated to serum lead level (P = 0.213). Also, the hemoglobin range was significantly correlated to different levels of lead in patients consuming oral opium (P = 0.027). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed a high mean serum lead level in oral opium addicts in the study population. The results also confirm numerous reports suggesting the definitive diagnosis of lead poisoning as a justifying factor in addicted patients with nonspecific symptoms, which may indicate the need for serum lead level screening in opiate addicts to prevent more serious complications.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acupressure at P6 Point on Anxiety and Depression in Hemodialysis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Siasari ◽  
◽  
Mansour Zamani Afshar ◽  
Fatemeh Sargolzaie ◽  
Najmeh Saberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological problems and effective on treatment process in hemodialysis patients. Acupressure is inexpensive, effective, and available method for reducing anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a clinical trial, conducted on 40 patient’s referral to Imam Khomeini medical center in Zabul at 2017. Patient-based census method selected and randomly divided in two groups (intervention group: 20, control group: 20). For data collection we used demographic, Spielberger Anxiety and Beck Depression Questionnaire. The intervention group received acupressure in p6 point in three days a week for four weeks. Data were collected before and one month after the intervention then data analyzed by SPSS v. 16 with paired t-test and independent statistical test.   Results: The Mean±SD depression and anxiety score after intervention were 25.41±5.67 and 37.15±5.13, respectively. Evaluation of depression and anxiety scores after intervention showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that acupressure is effective in reducing anxiety and depression in patients. Therefore, it is recommended as a simple, inexpensive, and workable method by the patient himself.

scholarly journals AB1034 DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1808.2-1809
Author(s):  
D. Karatas ◽  
Z. Öztürk ◽  
D. Cekic ◽  
Z. Yuertsever ◽  
Ü. Erkorkmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Mediterranean Fever

Background:Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis, and skin eruption (1). It is shown by studies that chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, hypertension which other than inflammatory – rheumatologic disease increase depression and anxiety (2). There are a few studies evaluating depression and anxiety in FMF patients, and these results are conflicting (3,4).Objectives:To assess the frequency of depression and anxiety in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)Methods:In this study, 77 FMF patients aged 18 and over who were followed up in Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, and 78 healthy volunteers aged 18 and over as thecontrol group. Beck depression scale and Beck anxiety scale were used to depression and anxiety, respectively. Beck’sdepression scale was evaluated as 9 and below normal, 10-16 mild depression, 17-29 moderate depression, 30-63 severe depression. Beck anxiety scale was evaluated as 0-8 normal, 8-15 mild anxiety, 16-25 moderate anxiety, 26 and above severe anxiety.FMF disease severity was determined by Pras scoring.Results:The study group, comprised 77 diagnosed with FMF with a meanage of 37.18 and a control group comprised of 78 healthy controls (C) with a meanage of 35.32 (p=0,058). İn studygroup (P) %63.6, control group (C) %53.8 as female. %36.4 of thestudy group(C), %46.2 of the control group are male. (p=0,216). The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in FMF patients compared to the control group (in order P;C: normal %24,7; %47,4, mild depression: %40.3; %26.9, moderate depression %26; %19.2, severe depression %11.7; %6.4 p<0.015). Similarly in depression results; the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in FMF patients compared to the control group (in order P;C normal %23,4; %57.7, mild anxiety %26; %20.5, moderate anxiety %26; %15.4, severe anxiety %24.4; %6.4 p<0,001). Depression status was not correlated with FMF disease severity (p=0.645). A correlation was found between FMF severity and anxiety which it is which was found statistically significant (p=0.005).There was no relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein with depression and anxiety.Conclusion:Both anxiety and depression frequency are increased in FMF patients compared to healthy controls.References:[1]Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D et al. (1997) Criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis Rheum 40 (10), 1879–85.[2]Alonso J, Ferrer M, Gandek B, Ware JE Jr, Aaronson NK, Mosconi P, Rasmussen NK, Bullinger M, Fukuhara S, Kaasa S, Leplège A, IQOLA Project Group (2004) Health-related quality of life associated with chronic conditions in eight countries: results from the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res 13:283–298[3]Makay B, Emiroglu N, Unsal E (2010) Depression andanxiety in children and adolescents with familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Rheumatol 29, 375–9.[4]Giese A, Ornek A, Kilic L, Kurucay M, Sendur S. N., Lainka E, Henning B. F. Anxiety and depression in adult patients with familialMediterranean fever: a study comparing patients living in Germany and Turkey. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2017; 20: 2093–2100Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Hepatic steatosis: a risk factor for increased COVID-19 prevalence and severity—a computed tomography study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ali ◽  
Mona Hasan ◽  
Shaimaa Hamed ◽  
Amir Elhamy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Positive Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Around 25% of the world population was affected by the metabolic-related fatty liver disorder. Hepatic steatosis is frequently observed in conjunction with hypertension, obesity comorbidities, and diabetes. We evaluate the hepatic steatosis frequency found in chest CT exams of COVID-19-positive cases compared to non-infected controls and evaluate the related increased prevalence and severity of COVID. Results Our research includes 355 subjects, 158 with positive PCR for COVID-19 (case group) and 197 with negative PCR and negative CT chest (control group). The mean age in the positive group was 50.6 ± 16 years, and in the control, it was 41.3 ± 16 years (p < 0.001). Our study consists of 321 men (90.5%) and 34 women (9.5%). The number of males in both cases and control groups was greater. In the case group, 93% men vs. 6.9% women, while in controls, 88.3% men vs.11.6% women, p < 0.001. CT revealed normal results in 55.5% of individuals (i.e., CORADs 1) and abnormal findings in 45.5% of participants (i.e., CORADs 2–5). In abnormal scan, CO-RADs 2 was 13.92%, while CO-RADs 3–4 were 20.89% of cases. CO-RADs 5 comprised 65.19% of all cases. Approximately 42.6% of cases had severe disease (CT score ≥ 20), all of them were CO-RADs 5. The PCR-positive class had a greater prevalence of hepatic steatosis than controls (28.5% vs.12.2%, p < 0.001). CO-RADs 2 represented 11.1%, CO-RADs 3–4 represented 15.6%, and CO-RADs 5 represented 73.3% in the hepatic steatosis cases. The mean hepatic attenuation value in the case group was 46.79 ± 12.68 and in the control group 53.34 ± 10.28 (p < 0.001). When comparing patients with a higher severity score (CT score ≥ 20) to those with non-severe pneumonia, it was discovered that hepatic steatosis is more prevalent (73.2% vs. 26.8%). Conclusions Steatosis was shown to be substantially more prevalent in COVID-19-positive individuals. There is a relation among metabolic syndrome, steatosis of the liver, and obesity, as well as the COVID-19 severity.

scholarly journals Early Neuromuscular Blockade in Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Surabhi Chandra ◽  
Sahil Goel ◽  
Ritika Dawra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neuromuscular Blockade ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractPediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a challenging problem with high mortality. Role of neuromuscular blockade in the management of ARDS to date has been controversial, and this study was done to study the role of neuromuscular blockade in children having PARDS and development of associated complications, if any. This was a prospective, case–control study conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital, over a period of 24 months. Patients of age 1 to 18 years who presented with or developed PARDS during their course of hospitalization were included after written informed consent was obtained from their parents and/or guardians. Patients with PARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were partitioned into a case group and a control group. Case group patients were sedated and paralyzed using midazolam (1 µg/kg/min) and vecuronium (1 µg/kg/min), respectively, along with institution of definitive management. Control group patients were given definitive and supportive therapy, but no neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). All patients were followed up for signs and symptoms of myopathy or neuropathy during the entire duration of hospital stay and up to 3 months after discharge. During the study period, 613 patients were admitted to the PICU of which 91 patients qualified as having PARDS. Sepsis was the main etiology in 67 of the 91 patients (73.6%) with PARDS. Fifty-nine patients were included in the study, of which 29 patients were included in the case group and 30 patients were included in the control group. Among the 29 case group patients, 25 patients (86.2%) were successfully extubated. Four patients from the case group expired, while 14 out of 30 control group patients (46.7%) expired. Hypotension was present in 26 case group patients (89.6%), of which all showed resolution within 48 hours of definitive treatment. The mean time to resolution of hypotension was 41.6 hours (standard deviation [SD]: 5.759; range: 24–48) for case group patients, significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than the mean time to resolution of 103 hours (SD: 18.995; range: 90–126) for the 10 control group patients with hypotension that survived. Mean oxygenation index (OI) following 48 hours of vecuronium therapy was significantly lower (p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval: 5.9129–9.9671) than mean OI at admission for case group patients. None of the patients receiving vecuronium exhibited neuromuscular deficit during their hospital stay, at time of discharge, or at follow-up evaluation up to 3 months after discharge. In this study, pediatric cases diagnosed with PARDS and managed with mechanical ventilation and vecuronium therapy had improved mean OI following 48 hours of NMBA therapy and a lower mortality when compared with matched control group patients. Incidence of NMBA-related weakness was not commonly observed in these patients.

THE EFFECT OF DHIKR ON ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION LEVEL IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AT PURWOKERTO ISLAMIC HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anggun ◽  
Titik Kusumawinakhyu ◽  
Irma Finurina Mustikawati ◽  
Wiharto Wiharto
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Hemodialysis Unit ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Hemodialysis is a routinely performed therapy on chronic kidney patients, leading to psychological problems among subjects who undergo hemodialysis, such as anxiety and depression. One of the efforts to overcome anxiety and depression is with the dhikr intervention. Dhikr presents hearts to remember and be obedient to Allah followed by the words and actions in various conditions.  Discover dhikr's influence on the level of anxiety and depression in patients on hemodialysis in  Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. It was a quantitative study using quasi experiment with a non-quivalent control group design. The number of samples was 12 subjects consisting of 6 subjects in the control group and six subjects in the intervention group with the purposive sampling technique. Instruments were used to measure anxiety and depression are the HADS ( Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ) before and after dhikr intervention as much as 12 times. Research is carried out in Hemodialysis Unit of  Purwokerto Islamic Hospital. Test statistics on research are used paired t-test and independent t-tests. This study showed a decrease in the mean level of anxiety from 5, 83 to 1.67 in the experimental group ( p = 0.003). The mean level of depression experienced a decline of 9, 67 becomes 4.67 on a group experiment ( p = 0.003). Dhikr reduces the level of anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients at the Purwokerto Islamic Hospital.

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