scholarly journals Long-term Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate – an Ink for Bio-inspired 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Shaked ◽  
Iryna Polishchuk ◽  
alina nagel ◽  
Yehonadav Bekenstein ◽  
Boaz Pokroy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Co Precipitation

Amorphous Calcium Carbonate (ACC) is a highly unstable amorphous precursor many organisms utilize for the formation of crystals with intricate morphology and improved mechanical properties. Herein, we report for the first-time high-yield long-term stabilization of ACC, achieved via its co-precipitation in the presence of high amounts of Mg and an acetone-based storage protocol. A novel use of the formed high-Mg ACC paste as an ink for 3D printing techniques allows the formation of bio-inspired intricately shaped calcium carbonate geometries. The obtained ink can dry, though retains its amorphous nature, at a variety of temperatures ranging from 25 to 150˚C enabling various applications such as cultural heritage reconstruction and artificial reefs formation. We also show the on-demand low-temperature crystallization of the 3D printed ACC models, similar to what is achieved by organisms in nature. Using this bio-inspired crystallization route via transient amorphous precursor also enables the presence of high Mg levels within the calcite crystalline lattice, far beyond the thermodynamically stable solubility level. High levels of Mg incorporation, in turns, encompasses a great promise for the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the crystallized calcite 3D objects akin naturally found crystalline CaCO<sub>3</sub>.

scholarly journals Long-term Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate – an Ink for Bio-inspired 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Shaked ◽  
Iryna Polishchuk ◽  
alina nagel ◽  
Yehonadav Bekenstein ◽  
Boaz Pokroy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Co Precipitation

Amorphous Calcium Carbonate (ACC) is a highly unstable amorphous precursor many organisms utilize for the formation of crystals with intricate morphology and improved mechanical properties. Herein, we report for the first-time high-yield long-term stabilization of ACC, achieved via its co-precipitation in the presence of high amounts of Mg and an acetone-based storage protocol. A novel use of the formed high-Mg ACC paste as an ink for 3D printing techniques allows the formation of bio-inspired intricately shaped calcium carbonate geometries. The obtained ink can dry, though retains its amorphous nature, at a variety of temperatures ranging from 25 to 150˚C enabling various applications such as cultural heritage reconstruction and artificial reefs formation. We also show the on-demand low-temperature crystallization of the 3D printed ACC models, similar to what is achieved by organisms in nature. Using this bio-inspired crystallization route via transient amorphous precursor also enables the presence of high Mg levels within the calcite crystalline lattice, far beyond the thermodynamically stable solubility level. High levels of Mg incorporation, in turns, encompasses a great promise for the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the crystallized calcite 3D objects akin naturally found crystalline CaCO<sub>3</sub>.

scholarly journals Long-term Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate – an Ink for Bio-inspired 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 100120
Author(s):  
Hadar Shaked ◽  
Iryna Polishchuk ◽  
Alina Nagel ◽  
Yehonadav Bekenstein ◽  
Boaz Pokroy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate

scholarly journals Extrusion Based 3D Printing of Sustainable Biocomposites from Biocarbon and Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4164
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Diederichs ◽  
Maisyn Picard ◽  
Boon Peng Chang ◽  
Manjusri Misra ◽  
Amar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Optimal Quantity

Three-dimensional (3D) printing manufactures intricate computer aided designs without time and resource spent for mold creation. The rapid growth of this industry has led to its extensive use in the automotive, biomedical, and electrical industries. In this work, biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) blends were combined with pyrolyzed biomass to create sustainable and novel printing materials. The Miscanthus biocarbon (BC), generated from pyrolysis at 650 °C, was combined with an optimized PTT blend at 5 and 10 wt % to generate filaments for extrusion 3D printing. Samples were printed and analyzed according to their thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. Although there were no significant differences seen in the mechanical properties between the two BC composites, the optimal quantity of BC was 5 wt % based upon dimensional stability, ease of printing, and surface finish. These printable materials show great promise for implementation into customizable, non-structural components in the electrical and automotive industries.

scholarly journals The study of structural mechanical properties of «Kartalin» ointment

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. G. Kartalov ◽  
S. Ye. Dmitruk ◽  
V. S. Dmitruk ◽  
T. V. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Newtonian Flow ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Preventive Activity ◽  
Good Preparation

In this article the structure-mechanical properties research results of «Kartalin» ointment are being cited. This ointment shows the evident treatment-preventive activity with occupational and combinational dermatosis. It has been ascertained that the «Kartalin» ointment, being under consideration, appears to be structural liquid with expressive non-Newtonian flow character that is having high viscosity (100—200 Pa/s) and high yield point (20—40 Pa) with the temperature of usage 30—40 °C, which provides long skin protection. The flow properties of the composition are sufficiently time stable, which enables good preparation quality maintenance during long-term storing.

Building amorphous calcium carbonate into geochemical biomineralisation models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans ◽  
William Gray ◽  
James Rae ◽  
Rosanna Greenop ◽  
Paul Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Precursor Phase ◽  
Shell Geochemistry

&lt;p&gt;Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) has been observed, or inferred to exist, in the majority of the major phyla of marine calcifying organisms. The CaCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; produced by these organisms represents one of the largest long-term carbon sinks on Earth&amp;#8217;s surface, such that identifying how calcification will respond to anthropogenic climate change is an urgent priority. A substantial portion of our knowledge of the biomineralisation process of these organisms is derived from inferences based on skeletal geochemical data, yet such models typically do not include an ACC component because little is known about trace element and isotope fractionation into ACC. In order to address this, we present, to our knowledge, the first structural and geochemical data of ACC precipitated from seawater under varying carbonate system conditions, seawater Mg/Ca ratios, and in the presence of three of the most common intracrystalline amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine). Based on these data we identify the carbonate system conditions necessary to produce ACC from seawater [Evans &lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;., 2019], and identify the dominant controls on ACC geochemistry. As an example, we utilise these data to build a simple biomineralisation model for the low-Mg (e.g. planktonic) foraminifera, based on precipitation of low-Mg calcite through an ACC precursor phase in a semi-enclosed pool. This exercise demonstrates that the observed shell geochemistry of this group of organisms can be fully reconciled with a model that includes an ACC component, and moreover that constraints can be placed on the degree of ACC utilisation and the ACC-calcite transformation process. More broadly, the exercise demonstrates that knowledge of the characteristics and geochemistry of ACC is important in the development of a process-based understanding of marine calcification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evans, D., Webb, P., Penkman, K. Kr&amp;#246;ger, R., &amp; Allison, N. [2019] The Characteristics and Biological Relevance of Inorganic Amorphous Calcium Carbonate (ACC) Precipitated from Seawater. &lt;em&gt;Crystal Growth &amp; Design&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;19&lt;/strong&gt;: 4300.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Rice Husk Shredding as a Means of Increasing the Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Earthen Mixtures for 3D Printing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ferretti ◽  
Massimo Moretti ◽  
Alberto Chiusoli ◽  
Lapo Naldoni ◽  
Francesco De Fabritiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Brittle Material ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Vegetable Fiber ◽  
Natural Way

This paper is part of a study of earthen mixtures for 3D printing of buildings. To meet the ever-growing environmental needs, the focus of the paper is on a particular type of biocomposite for the stabilization of earthen mixtures&mdash;the rice husk-lime biocomposite&mdash;and on how to enhance its effect on the long-term mechanical properties of the hardened product. Having assumed that the shredding of the vegetable fiber is precisely one of the possible ways to improve the mechanical properties, we compared the results of uniaxial compression tests performed on cubic specimens made with both shredded and unaltered vegetable fiber, for three curing periods. The results showed that the hardened earthen mixture is not a brittle material in the strict sense, because it exhibits some peculiar behaviors, anomalous for a brittle material. However, being a &ldquo;designable&rdquo; material, its properties can be varied with a certain flexibility to get as close as possible to the desired ones. One of the peculiar properties of the hardened earthen mixture deserves further investigation, rather than corrections. This is the vulcanization that occurs (in a completely natural way) in the long term, thanks to the mineralization of the vegetable fiber by carbonation of the lime.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Relative Humidity Effects on Long-Term Indentation Creep Properties of Calcium Carbonate Cement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Dag Kristian Dysthe
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indentation Creep ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Creep Modulus ◽  
Term Creep

This paper addresses the effect of both microstructure and relative humidity on the long-term creep properties of sustainable calcium carbonate (CaCO3) cements. Those can be prepared by mixing amorphous calcium carbonate and vaterite with water. A larger starting amount of vaterite, XV, within the mixture design gives a higher elasticity and resistance to the specimens due to the larger overall bridging area within the newly formed calcite crystals. Regarding creep properties for a given relative humidity, the amplitude of creep strain decreases with XV, and makes the relation between the elastic modulus, E, and hardness, H, of the samples to be linear with the contact creep modulus, C. On the other hand, for a given composition, the amplitude of creep increases with the relative humidity, making the contact creep modulus, Ci, to rise exponentially with the elastic modulus, E, and hardness, H, of the specimens. The most probable creep mechanisms for this kind of cement seem to be a combination of microcraking in the early stages and dissolution and reprecipitation of calcite in the long-term (also known as pressure solution theory). The presence of water in pores with increasing relative humidity might enhance the local dissolution of calcite, and hence the creep amplitude.

Biomimetic Mineral-Protein Composites formed by an Automated Alternate Soaking Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver E. Armitage ◽  
Daniel G.T. Strange ◽  
Michelle L. Oyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Eggshell Membranes ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTBiomineralized composite materials found in nature have a compromise of good mechanical properties and relatively small embodied energies in the process of their formation. The Alternate Soaking Process (ASP) is a laboratory technique that has only recently been applied to replicating composite biomineralization. The nexus of the ASP – heterogeneous nucleation – makes it ideal for replicating biominerals where the mineral is templated onto an organic substrate, such as occurs in avian eggshell. Here we demonstrate the deposition of a calcium carbonate gelatin composite on either glass cover slips or demineralized eggshell membranes using an automated ASP. SEM images and FTIR spectra of the resulting mineral show that by altering the amount of gelatin in the growth solutions the final organic component can be controlled accurately in the range of 1-10%, similar to that of natural eggshell. This study shows for the first time the co-precipitation of a CaCO3 – gelatin composite by an ASP and that the organic fraction of this mineral can be tuned to mimic that of natural biomineralized composites.

scholarly journals Bio-mineralisation, characterization, and stability of calcium carbonate containing organic matter

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 14415-14425
Author(s):  
Renlu Liu ◽  
Shanshan Huang ◽  
Xiaowen Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Song ◽  
Genhe He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate

The amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) or polycrystalline vaterite, which has long-term water stability and thermal stability, can be induced by bacteria. These biogenic CaCO3 are organo-mineral complexes.

scholarly journals Rice Husk Shredding as a Means of Increasing the Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Earthen Mixtures for 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ferretti ◽  
Massimo Moretti ◽  
Alberto Chiusoli ◽  
Lapo Naldoni ◽  
Francesco De Fabritiis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Brittle Material ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Vegetable Fiber ◽  
Natural Way

This paper is part of a study of earthen mixtures for 3D printing of buildings. To meet the ever-growing environmental needs, the focus of the paper is on a particular type of bio-composite for the stabilization of earthen mixtures – the rice husk-lime bio-composite – and on how to enhance its effect on the long-term mechanical properties of the hardened product. Having assumed that the shredding of the vegetable fiber is precisely one of the possible ways to improve the mechanical properties, we compared the results of uniaxial compression tests performed on cubic specimens made with both shredded and raw vegetable fiber, for three curing periods. The results showed that the hardened earthen mixture is not a brittle material in the strict sense, because it exhibits some peculiar behaviors, anomalous for a brittle material. However, being a “designable” material, its properties can be varied with a certain flexibility to get as close as possible to the desired ones. One of the peculiar properties of the hardened earthen mixture deserves further investigation, rather than corrections. This is the vulcanization that occurs (in a completely natural way) in the long term, thanks to the mineralization of the vegetable fiber by carbonation of the lime.

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