Effect of Triazophos and Pendimethalin on Avoidance Behavior of Eisenia fetida in Natural Soil of Kota (Rajasthan)

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are one of the most used in commercial products and biomedical tools, however, their environmental effects have not been fully described. Although negative effects of SiO2NPs on the behavior of freshwater invertebrates have been reported, the knowledge is limited, especially the effect of nanopowders in terrestrial organisms. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to understand the effects of SiO2NPs on the avoidance behavior of five soil species, whose niche may differ thus contributing to differential harmful SiO2NPs effects. Hence, avoidance assays testing SiO2NPs concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg were performed with Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Tenebrio molitor, Porcellionides pruinosus and Eisenia fetida. SiO2NPs induced different behavioral effects, depending on the invertebrate ecology/habitat, exposure route and physiology. T. molitor, P. pruinosus and F. candida did not avoid contaminated soil; however, E. crypticus and E. fetida significantly avoided SiO2NPs spiked soil. Since these terrestrial worms (oligochaetes) live mostly burrowed in the soil, this can provide greater opportunity for SiO2NPs’ uptake. On the other hand, the other tested organisms mainly living on the upper part of the soil did not avoid the SiO2NPs spiked soil. The avoidance data obtained here also highlight the need for further studies to understand whether (or not) the detected behavioral responses are linked to either neurotransmission processes or sensorial aspects of the biological models.

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Study on the influential biochemical indices of Cd(II) on Eisenia fetida in oxidative stress by principal component analysis in the natural soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-017-0807-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 4268-4278 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yucui Ning ◽

Liyan Liu ◽

Guohua Rong ◽

Xu Cao ◽

Jing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Eisenia Fetida ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Biochemical Indices

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Behavioural, Histopathological, Genetic and Organism-Wide Responses to Phenanthrene-Induced Oxidative Stress in Eisenia Fetida Earthworms in Natural Soil Microcosms

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1011942/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Falin He ◽

Hanmei Yu ◽

Huijian Shi ◽

Xiangxiang Li ◽

Shanshan Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Eisenia Fetida ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Natural Soil ◽

High Dose ◽

Soil Environment ◽

Defense System ◽

Toxicity Potential

Abstract Phenanthrene (PHE) contamination not only changes the quality of soil environment but also threatens to the soil organisms. There is lack of focus on the eco-toxicity potential of contaminants in real soil in the current investigation. Here, we assessed the toxic effects of PHE on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in natural soil matrix. PHE exhibited a relatively high toxicity to E. fetida in natural soil, with the LC50 determined to be 56.68 mg kg−1 after a 14-day exposure. Excessive ROS induced by PHE, leading to oxidative damage to biomacromolecules in E. fetida, including lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and DNA damage. The antioxidant defense system (total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, carboxylesterase, and superoxide dismutase) in E. fetida responded quickly to scavenge excess ROS and free radicals. Exposure to PHE resulted in earthworm avoidance responses (2.5 mg kg−1) and habitat function loss (10 mg kg−1). Histological observations indicated that the intestine, body wall, and seminal vesicle in E. fetida were severely damaged after exposure to high-dose PHE. Moreover, earthworm growth (weight change) and reproduction (cocoon production and the number of juvenile) were also inhibited after exposure to this pollutant. Furthermore, the integrated toxicity of PHE toward E. fetida at different doses and exposure times was assessed by the integrated biomarker response (IBR), which confirm that PHE is more toxic to earthworms in the high-dose and long-term exposure groups. Our results showed that PHE exposure induced oxidative stress, disturbed antioxidant defense system, and caused oxidative damage in E. fetida. These effects can trigger behavior changes and damaged histological structure, finally cause growth inhibition, genotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in earthworms. The strength of this study is the comprehensive toxicity evaluation of PHE to earthworms and highlights the need to investigate the t eco-toxicity potential of exogenous environmental pollutants in a real soil environment.

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