scholarly journals Thinking outside the (Witness) Box: Integrating Experts into Juries to Minimise the Effect of Rape Myths in Sexual Violence Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Amelia Erin Retter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Rape Myths ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lay Participation

The criminal justice system's response to sexual violence has been increasingly recognised as an area needing attention. In particular, rape myths have a significant impact on whether a victim is believed or not, and this extends to the jury. Due to the potential effect of misconceptions about sexual violence on the jury's decision-making process, alternatives and additional tools have been suggested to minimise this impact. This article looks at options for moving forward such as increasing education and guidance for the jury, as well as changing the fact-finder, but ultimately advocates a new approach of integrating experts with knowledge about sexual violence and its realities into the jury itself. This would allow for responses tailored to each case to create an educative mechanism while maintaining lay participation, and have decisions that are based on accurate understandings of sexual violence.

scholarly journals Context Analysis in the Development of Diving Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-58
Author(s):  
Ryszard Kłos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract The previous article described a new approach methodology1 for work on the development of technology for the use of the SCR CRABE SCUBA2 type diving apparatus. However, after its publication numerous questions emerged regarding the genesis of the research undertaken, also from foreign partners using the same rebreather. The work on changing the technology of use was preceded by analyses, which were available only to people involved in the decision-making process. Demonstrating all the details of the decision-making process may be tedious, but failing to present them at all might raise justified doubts about the advisability of conducting a long-term research cycle. This article only presents preliminary analyses. The necessity to perform them resulted from the specific requirements for military technologies3 which, as broadly as possible, should be knowledge-based. The knowledge-based approach by its very nature allows continuous improvement of the adequacy of the predictions made, the estimation of the level of risk when diagnosing deviations from the repeatability or precision of the model, and the possibility of adapting the technology to the changing requirements of the user resulting from tactical considerations of its use.

The judicial pursuit of the sexual victimization of children

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Josep M Tamarit Sumalla ◽  
Mª Jesús Guardiola Lago ◽  
Albert Padró-Solanet ◽  
Patricia Hernández-Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Low Rate

This article analyses the criminal justice system’s treatment of those sexual offences against children of which it is made aware. The findings reported in this article draw on a quantitative study based on data ( n = 97) taken from judicial files from a province of Catalonia, Spain. The study examines prosecution, trial and conviction rates, analysing the possible variables involved to provide a better understanding of the reasons behind the successful prosecution of complaints made. The study points to a low rate of prosecution, similar to other studies carried out in English-speaking countries. This leads us to conclude that differences in legal systems do not give rise to significant differences in dealing with cases. There is no evidence that a legalistic system such as that of Spain acts as a restraining element against the influence of non-legal factors in the judicial decision-making process. However, similarities with other studies are not found with regards to some factors associated with it. The findings provide no confirmation of the hypothesis that the Spanish criminal justice system is particularly reluctant to prosecute cases of intrafamilial victimization.

Decision Logic Tables: A New Approach for Administrators in Making, Documenting and Communicating Their Decisions

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Roger Crane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Educational Administrators ◽  
Limited Entry ◽  
Decision Logic ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Decision Tables ◽  
The Relationship

A description of the characteristics of decision tables—guidelines and examples—are offered to educational administrators as an efficient alternative to linear prose and flowchart formats. Described are three types of decision tables: limited entry, extended entry and mixed entry tables. Completeness checks and rule compression are also explained. Decision tables provide an excellent means of describing the relationship between antecedent conditions and innovative actions. When properly utilized, decision tables can bring clarity, accuracy and analysis to the decision making process.

scholarly journals Religious Diaspora: A New Approach to Its Existence and Meaning

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Alina Pătru
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Way

The present study aims to contribute to the discussion regarding the possibility of conceptualizing a religious diaspora. It proposes a new way of defining it, namely in relation to religious and not to ethno-territorial realities, but without editing the territorial dimension out. After sketching the definition on this theoretical basis, the study refers to six case studies, pointing to the way in which the definitory traits of a religious diaspora are actualized in each situation under study. The evaluation unravels the strengths of the concept as well as certain aspects that still need to be addressed in further research. The inference is that the capacity of religion to generate diasporic feelings and attitudes should also be acknowledged and that the concept of religious diaspora ought to be treated as an analytic instrument useful both in the research and in the decision-making process.

The Decision-Making Environment for the Entrepreneurial Student

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Simon Stephens ◽  
Roisin Lyons ◽  
Isobel Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Student Entrepreneurs ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Informational Cues ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
Socially Situated Cognition

Entrepreneurs are a product of their social environment. The manner by which they perceive opportunities; access or process information; and make decisions is, influenced by both social interaction, and their social background. Using insights from Socially Situated Cognition (SSC) theory, that posits one’s social environment can have a normative or informative effect on decision-making process we consider proximal social factors influencing the decision-making processes of student entrepreneurs. We propose that entrepreneurial education, networking, and incubation spaces provide direct information to students to aid entrepreneurial decision-making, and indirect informational cues that are situational, synergistic and omnipresent. Noting the multi-faceted and dynamic nature of the entrepreneurial journey of the student, we explore the potential effect of each of these factors on the student decision-making process. We discuss the implications of this inquiry from a researcher and educator perspective, and note the current challenges faced by student entrepreneurs in a socially distanced educational and entrepreneurial context. It is envisaged that this paper will serve as the basis for further thought and empiricism.

scholarly journals How criminal courts blend punitive ends with immigration control aims: The decision-making process of the discretionary prosecution provision to authorise an administrative expulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Byron Villagómez Moncayo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Immigration Control

The involvement of the criminal justice system in immigration control is nowadays a global phenomenon that has called the attention of academics and practitioners. The Spanish legal regime has not been immune to this occurrence, encompassing a series of situations in which criminal courts are required to make decisions that can have significant implications upon immigration law enforcement. One of the most noteworthy provisions in this regard is that by which criminal courts are allowed to exercise discretionary prosecution to authorise the administrative expulsion of a prosecuted foreigner (Art. 57.7 Aliens Act). Drawing on focused observation of a court setting and semi-structured interviews with judges, prosecutors, clerks, court personnel and defence attorneys, the main findings of this paper hover around the idea that expulsion is a court’s culturally constructed punishment, defined more by the meanings attributed to it by court actors than by its formal legal categorisation.

Using the scenario approach in anti-corruption management processes (on the example of the construction industry)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-77
Author(s):  
Vladimir L. Shults ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulba ◽  
Aleksey B. Shelkov ◽  
Igor V. Chernov ◽  
Andrey A Timoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Management Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Scenario Approach

This study discusses the methodological and applied problems of increasing the effectiveness of the anti-corruption management process. An analysis of the essence and forms of corruption, as well as their negative impacts on the socioeconomic development of the society is offered. To increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption problem-solving and assess the decision-making process pertaining to management, a scenario analysis is proposed. The analysis of basic multigraph models of anti-corruption management focuses on the construction industry, using functional symbolic graphs. According to the results, it is more effective to look more broadly at the criminological problem of combating corruption by linking its solution to developments in the fields of economics, sociology, and psychology. The current publication is considered a new approach to the development of specific measures to counter this type of crime.

Enough Talk, It's Time to Transform: A Call for Editorial Leadership for a Robust Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Kepes ◽  
Sheila K. List ◽  
Michael A. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Reasonable Time Frame

The focal article (Grand et al., 2018) addresses one of the most important issues across virtually all areas of science (Goldstein, 2010): the trustworthiness and credibility of a scientific discipline. Once these attributes are lost, it is difficult to regain them within a reasonable time frame, if ever. In contrast to previous articles on this topic (e.g., Kepes & McDaniel, 2013), the authors of the focal article provide a detailed review of the stakeholders surrounding industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, including their potential effect on the robustness and trustworthiness of our scientific discipline. In essence, the focal article describes I-O psychology's ecosystem responsible for fostering robust and credible science. The authors should be commended for their comprehensive undertaking, and we have no substantive disagreements. However, implicitly, as with most articles on this vital topic, the focal article tends to take a bottom-up approach to decision making and change. The bottom-up approach is an emergent process where the individuals involved in the day-to-day activities are primarily responsible for the decision-making process and resulting change (Kindler, 1979). Thus, changes resulting from this process are incremental and typically involve making minor adjustments to existing processes (Bartunek & Moch, 1987).

Decision Making in a Hybrid Organization: A Case Study of a Southwestern Drug Court Treatment Program

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Hybrid Organization ◽  
Drug Court Treatment ◽  
Collaborative Decision

This article presents a case study of decision making in a drug court located the southwestern United States. This study seeks to fill a gap in research on decision making by attending to the ways that drug court officials navigate the demands of a court that is dedicated to both therapy and criminal justice. This analysis differs from previous research by viewing the drug court as a “hybrid organization” and asking how the staff members interact in the decision-making process. Additionally, this research provides an opportunity to investigate the concerns over collaborative decision making raised by critics. The data from this case study reveal that as a hybrid organization, the drug court staff often divides along institutional lines by allowing the counseling staff to manage treatment and the judge to manage punishment. When tensions arise, they are resolved by the structure of the court, which is hierarchical rather than collaborative.

scholarly journals The Multi-Aspect Criterion in the PMADM Outline and Its Possible Application to Sustainability Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Payam Khazaelpour ◽  
Fausto Cavallaro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
The Future

Over the past few centuries, the process of decision-making has become more complicated in different respects. Since the initial phase of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) around fifty years ago, Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has continued developing over the years as a sub-concept of MCDM. Noticeably, the importance of the decision-making process is increasingly expanding to such an extent that it necessarily blends into the undeniable processes of MADM actual models. Novel methods with different perspectives have been introduced considering the dynamic MADM concepts of time and future in classical frameworks; however, they do not overcome challenges in practice. Recently, Prospective MADM (PMADM) as a specific approach has presented future-oriented models using already known approaches of MCDM, and it has innovative items which show barriers of classic model of MADM. However, PMADM practically needs more conceptual bases to illustrate and plan the future of real decision-making problems. The Multi-Aspect Criterion is a new concept in mapping the future of the PMADM outline. In this regard, two examples of sustainability will be analyzed, and different requirements and aspects associated with PMADM will be discussed in this study. This new approach can support the PMADM outline in more detail and deal with a decision-making structure that can be considered as novel to industry experts.

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