scholarly journals The Emergence of the Arms Trade Treaty as a Global Norm Cluster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Belinda Kay Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
International Society ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Instrument Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The Arms Trade Treaty brings together a number of small arms control norms into one instrument and is a new initiative, which was instigated by state and NGO norm entrepreneurs. This thesis attempts to understand what has led to the emergence of these norms in the Arms Trade Treaty, in what will be termed a ‘cluster’ of small arms norms. Examining the small arms norms associated with the Arms Trade Treaty will explain their development and their likelihood of successfully being incorporated into this instrument. Analysis of the development of the norms related to the Arms Trade Treaty will explore the relationship between norms, their promoters and their opponents. This thesis will do this by providing detailed analysis of the development of specific norms in a series of case studies: control over arms brokering, transfers to non-state actors and civilian possession. It will place this development within the broader context of the ATT instrument and the international society in which it is emerging into. This thesis finds that power and powerful states have a significant role to play in the emergence of norms, in some cases despite the efforts of norm promoters. Norms were not able to emerge in their original form due to the influence of powerful states, which resulted in norms evolving in different directions or not emerging at all.</p>

scholarly journals The Emergence of the Arms Trade Treaty as a Global Norm Cluster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Belinda Kay Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
International Society ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Instrument Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The Arms Trade Treaty brings together a number of small arms control norms into one instrument and is a new initiative, which was instigated by state and NGO norm entrepreneurs. This thesis attempts to understand what has led to the emergence of these norms in the Arms Trade Treaty, in what will be termed a ‘cluster’ of small arms norms. Examining the small arms norms associated with the Arms Trade Treaty will explain their development and their likelihood of successfully being incorporated into this instrument. Analysis of the development of the norms related to the Arms Trade Treaty will explore the relationship between norms, their promoters and their opponents. This thesis will do this by providing detailed analysis of the development of specific norms in a series of case studies: control over arms brokering, transfers to non-state actors and civilian possession. It will place this development within the broader context of the ATT instrument and the international society in which it is emerging into. This thesis finds that power and powerful states have a significant role to play in the emergence of norms, in some cases despite the efforts of norm promoters. Norms were not able to emerge in their original form due to the influence of powerful states, which resulted in norms evolving in different directions or not emerging at all.</p>

scholarly journals The Possible Use of Akerlof and Kranton’s Utility Model in Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-150
Author(s):  
Nikolett Mihaly
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Institutional Policy ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Identity Changes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The identity and utility research carries significant role in the modern economics. There are financial outputs, if we can moderate appropriate the student’s and worker’s identities. Objectives: The paper examines the possible use of the utility model and theoretical principles of Akerlof and Kranton (2000, 2002) in higher education. The examined aspects are utility, identity and role. Methods/Approach: The paper aims at employing the model of Akerlof in higher education and how the terms identity and utility can be interpreted in this environment. Results: To sum up, we can say that while case studies and certain experiments seem to justify the model of Akerlof and Kranton, there are few scientific results in higher education to rely on that prove the relationship between identity and utility. Conclusions: It can be deduced that the identity of students has some economic impacts. Institutional policy can increase not only the success of its students but also their income through identity changes.

scholarly journals Claude Chabrol's Aesthetics of Opacity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dousteyssier-Khoze
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Trompe L'oeil ◽  
Film Image ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
Genre Film

Chabrol's cinema, which started (with) the Nouvelle Vague, is generally associated with a type of psychological thriller, set in the French provinces and marked by a fascination with evil, incest, fragmented families, and inscrutable female characters. This first reappraisal of his filmography (1958-2009) seeks to explore a brand new Chabrol, influenced not only by the usual suspects (Renoir, Lang and Hitchcock) but, more intriguingly, by Kubrick (in Le Boucher) and also, more conceptually and beyond film, by Balzac (the œuvre as mosaic) and Magritte (the œuvre as trompe-l’œil). An aesthetic of opacity is brought to the fore, which deconstructs the apparent clarity and ‘comfort’ of the genre film. Chabrol's films, are indeed both deceptively-accessible and deeply reflexive, to the point of opacity. His ‘crystal-images’ (Deleuze) and unstable, fantastic/Gothic spaces or heterotopias (Foucault), ultimately encourage the viewer to reflect on the relationship between illusion and ‘reality’, the process of theatricalisation and the status of the film image. Case studies include a detailed analysis of some of his latest, little studied films (La Fleur du mal; La Demoiselle d’honneur; La Fille coupée en deux and Bellamy). Through the critical fortunes of the adjective ‘Chabrolean’, the book also provides a survey of Chabrol’s lasting influence and legacy on the contemporary French thriller (with specific reference to Anne Fontaine and Denis Dercourt).

Arms Control and Disarmament

2018 ◽  
pp. 382-395
Author(s):  
Keith Krause
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Land Mines ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Chemical Weapons Convention ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Peace And Security

This chapter evaluates the achievements and limitations of the United Nations (including the Conference on Disarmament) in the field of disarmament, emphasizing the UN’s role as part of broader efforts to control arms as a means to achieve international peace and security. It presents an overview of UN disarmament efforts and discusses specific cases where progress was achieved, such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the Arms Trade Treaty, and efforts to tackle the problems of anti-personnel land mines and small arms and light weapons. Finally, it draws out the implications for international relations of the UN experience with formal multilateral arms control, disarmament and security-building processes by evaluating its role as a negotiating forum, a norm setter, an implementing agency, or an instrument of great power security governance.

‘Cancer with a Purpose’: Putting the Vampire Under the Microscope

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Century Science

This chapter examines the relationship between the vampire and science from its origins in folklore through to 21st century science-fiction cinema. It considers how the vampire in film has increasingly been re-imagined through the language of science, with a particular emphasis upon discourses surrounding virology, pandemic, contagion, that have played a significant role within the genre’s development. The chapter also considers how the blood of the vampire has, in recent years, increasingly been presented as a cure for human ailments and explore the relationship between this narrative trope and a growing culture of bio-politics and bio-medicine. Case studies include Blade, Twilight, Rise, I Am Legend, Underworld, Daybreakers and Perfect Creature.

scholarly journals Against Nietzsche's ‘Theory’ of the Drives

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM STERN
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rational Reconstruction ◽  
Philosophical Psychology ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT:Nietzsche, we are often told, had an account of ‘self’ or ‘mind’ or a ‘philosophical psychology’, in which what he calls our ‘drives’ play a highly significant role. This underpins not merely his understanding of mind—in particular, of consciousness and action—but also his positive ethics, be they understood as authenticity, freedom, (self-)knowledge, autonomy, self-creation, or power. But Nietzsche did not have anything like a coherent account of ‘the drives’ according to which the self, the relationship between thought and action, or consciousness could be explained; consequently, he did not have a stable account of drives on which his positive ethics could rest. By this, I do not mean that his account is incomplete or that it is philosophically indefensible: both would leave open, misleadingly, the possibility of a rational reconstruction of Nietzsche's views; both would already assume more unity and coherence than we find in his texts. Specifically, as I show through detailed analysis, Nietzsche provides varied and inconsistent accounts of (1) what a ‘drive’ is, (2) how much we can know about drives, and (3) the relationship between drives and conscious deliberations about action. I conclude by questioning the hunt for a Nietzschean theory: is this the best way to be reading him?

The impact of cultural factors on attachment dynamics: a view from Irish society

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Michael O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this article I examine aspects of the relationship between mothers and sons from an attachment perspective in an Irish context. Through the works of Irish writers such as Seamus Heaney, John McGahern, and Colm Tóibín, I focus on particular aspects of this relationship, which fails to support the developmental processes of separation and individuation in the many men who come to me for psychotherapy. I illustrate key points concerning this attachment dynamic through the use of clinical examples of my work with two men from my practice. While acknowledging that many other cultural factors play a significant role in the emotional development of children, integrating the work of our poets, novelists, and scholars with an attachment perspective

POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Arwanto Arwanto ◽  
Wike Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurs ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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