scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Plasma Proteins from Twenty-Nine Species of Albatrosses And Petrels (Order Procellariiformes)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter C Harper
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biochemical Research

<p>The plasma proteins of 29 species of albatrosses and petrels were electrophoretically separated in acrylamide gels to clarify relationships at the species-group to family-group levels. Little in the resulting data from 472 birds seriously contests the present classification of the Procellariiformes; much of the biochemical evidence supports, confirms, and clarifies the proposals of conventional taxonomic methodology. The biochemical data give fresh insights into the interrelationships of procellariiform taxa, and highlight intriguing new problems. Sex, season, age, and other sources of non-genetic protein variation are insignificant for taxonomic purposes. Proteins of comparable value include the transferrins, some α and β globulins, albumins, prealbumins, and non-specific esterases. Genetic variations in the mobility of these proteins are useful at the genus-group level and below. Other proteins are monomorphic at genus and family level, and three are monomorphic in both number and mobility throughout the Procellariiformes; these are useful reference points for calibrating samples on different gels. One conspicuous α protein is absent in the Hydrobatidae but present in all other families; the implications of this are discussed. Polymorphic proteins at the population or species level were not detected; this conspicuous phylogenetic conservatism is discussed with regard to its possible evolutionary significance. Following a summary of the protein data; three categories of, defined probability statements, based on the biochemical and other evidence, allow speculative comment on the evolutionary relationships and history of the taxa within the Procellariiformes. The value of further biochemical research into the marine birds is emphasised.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Plasma Proteins from Twenty-Nine Species of Albatrosses And Petrels (Order Procellariiformes)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter C Harper
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Conservatism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biochemical Research

<p>The plasma proteins of 29 species of albatrosses and petrels were electrophoretically separated in acrylamide gels to clarify relationships at the species-group to family-group levels. Little in the resulting data from 472 birds seriously contests the present classification of the Procellariiformes; much of the biochemical evidence supports, confirms, and clarifies the proposals of conventional taxonomic methodology. The biochemical data give fresh insights into the interrelationships of procellariiform taxa, and highlight intriguing new problems. Sex, season, age, and other sources of non-genetic protein variation are insignificant for taxonomic purposes. Proteins of comparable value include the transferrins, some α and β globulins, albumins, prealbumins, and non-specific esterases. Genetic variations in the mobility of these proteins are useful at the genus-group level and below. Other proteins are monomorphic at genus and family level, and three are monomorphic in both number and mobility throughout the Procellariiformes; these are useful reference points for calibrating samples on different gels. One conspicuous α protein is absent in the Hydrobatidae but present in all other families; the implications of this are discussed. Polymorphic proteins at the population or species level were not detected; this conspicuous phylogenetic conservatism is discussed with regard to its possible evolutionary significance. Following a summary of the protein data; three categories of, defined probability statements, based on the biochemical and other evidence, allow speculative comment on the evolutionary relationships and history of the taxa within the Procellariiformes. The value of further biochemical research into the marine birds is emphasised.</p>

Toward a revision of the bamboo corals: Part 3, deconstructing the Family Isididae

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5047 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-272
Author(s):  
ESPRIT HEESTAND SAUCIER ◽  
SCOTT C. FRANCE ◽  
LES WATLING
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
History Of

Bamboo corals are distinguished from most other octocorals by an articulated skeleton. The nodes are proteinaceous and sclerite-free while the internodes are composed of non-scleritic calcium carbonate. This articulation of the skeleton was thought to be unique and a strong synapomorphy for the family Isididae. Our phylogeny, based on the amplification of mtMutS and 18S, shows an articulating skeleton with sclerite-free nodes has arisen independently at least five times during the evolutionary history of Octocorallia rather than being a synapomorphy characteristic of a monophyletic bamboo coral clade. The family Isididae is currently composed of four subfamilies (Circinisidinae, Isidinae, Keratoisidinae, and Mopseinae). Not only is the family polyphyletic, but our genetic analyses suggest also the subfamily Isidinae is polyphyletic based on current taxonomic classifications, and Mopseinae is not monophyletic. The type, Isis, is found outside of the well-supported Calcaxonia – Pennatulacea clade where the other members of Isididae cluster. The current classification of the family Isididae does not reflect the evolutionary history of an articulated skeleton. To better reflect the evolutionary history of these taxa we propose that three of the four the subfamilies, the genus Isidoides, and genera within the subfamily Isidinae, be elevated to family level to produce a classification with five families with a bamboo-like skeleton: Chelidonisididae, Isididae, Isidoidae, Keratoisididae, and Mopseidae.  

Revision of the genus Eulichas Jacobson, 1913 (Coleoptera: Eulichadidae) I. Introduction, morphology of adults, key to subgenera and species groups, and taxonomy of E. funebris species group

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1620 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIŘÍ HÁJEK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Groups

The predominantly Oriental genus Eulichas Jacobson, 1913, family Eulichadidae, is reviewed in part. The Eulichas funebris species group is revised. A brief history of classification of the genus, as well as the general morphology of the adults, is presented. The following nine new species are described: E. birmanica Hájek, sp. nov. (Myanmar: Tenasserim), E. haucki Hájek, sp. nov. (Thailand), E. jaechi Hájek, sp. nov. (Malaysia), E. janbezdeki Hájek, sp. nov. (Laos); E. kubani Hájek, sp. nov. (Laos, Vietnam), E. meghalayensis Hájek, sp. nov. (India: Meghālaya), E. minuta Hájek, sp. nov. (Sumatra, Nias, Siberut), E. strbai Hájek, sp. nov. (Malaysia), and E. tanahrata Hájek, sp. nov. (Malaysia). A lectotype is designated for E. mediocris (Pic, 1921) (Sumatra).

A revision of the southern South American genus Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1794 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MONDACA ◽  
ANDREW B. T. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
South American ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of

The genus Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae: Bolboceratini) is revised and now contains eight species: B. geotrupoides (Laporte), B. laesicolle (Fairmaire), B. nasutum (Fairmaire and Germain), B. seai (Martínez), B. shajovskoyi (Martínez), B. tricorne (Solier), B. trilobulicorne new species, and B. tubericeps (Fairmaire). The genus Bolborhinum is redescribed and a key to species in English and Spanish, a checklist, distributional and temporal data, and designation of lectotypes and neotypes are given. All species in the genus are diagnosed and illustrated, and distributional records with maps for all species are included. Additionally, some observations on the natural history of Bolborhinum species are presented. One new synonym is proposed: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire and Germain is synonymized under Bolborhinum geotrupoides. Lectotypes are designated for the following species-group names: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire and Germain (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras distinguendum Fairmaire and Germain (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras laesicolle Fairmaire (now Bolborhinum laesicolle), Bolboceras nasutum Fairmaire and Germain (now Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras tetraodon Redtenbacher (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras tricorne Solier (now Bolborhinum tricorne), and Bolboceras tubericeps Fairmaire (now Bolborhinum tubericeps). Neotypes are designated for the following species-group names: Bolboceras andicolaPhilippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras bicorne Philippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras excavatum Philippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum laesicolle), and Bolboceras geotrupoides Laporte (now Bolborhinum geotrupoides). Additionally, we here elevate the subgenera Pereirabolbus Martínez and Zefevazia Martínez to the generic level based on morphological comparisons with the genus Bolborhinum. As a result, the following combinations reflect this change in status: Pereirabolbus castaneus (Klug), Pereirabolbus tucumanensis (Boucomont), Zefevazia cantisanii (Martínez), Zefevazia peruana (Boucomont), Zefevazia quinquedentata (Felsche), and Zefevazia rosascostai Martínez. These changes are congruent with the generic concepts of Bolboceratinae from other parts of the world, and with the modern classification of the group.El género Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae: Bolboceratini) es revisado y ahora contiene ocho especies: B. geotrupoides (Laporte), B. laesicolle (Fairmaire), B. nasutum (Fairmaire y Germain), B. seai (Martínez), B. shajovskoyi (Martínez), B. tricorne (Solier), B. trilobulicorne nueva especie, y B. tubericeps (Fairmaire). El género Bolborhinum es redescrito, se presentan claves en inglés y español para la identificación de todas las especies, se proveen caracteres diagnósticos, descripciones e ilustraciones. Además se incluye un listado taxonómico, registros de distribución con mapas y se designan lectotipos y neotipos cuando corresponda. Adicionalmente algunas observaciones biológicas del género Bolborhinum son presentadas. Una nueva sinonimia es propuesta: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire y Germain es sinonimizado bajo Bolborhinum geotrupoides. Lectotipos son designados para los siguientes nombres: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire y Germain (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras distinguendum Fairmaire y Germain (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras laesicolle Fairmaire (ahora Bolborhinum laesicolle), Bolboceras nasutum Fairmaire y Germain (ahora Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras tetraodon Redtenbacher (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras tricorne Solier (ahora Bolborhinum tricorne), y Bolboceras tubericeps Fairmaire (ahora Bolborhinum tubericeps). Neotipos son designados para los siguientes nombres: Bolboceras andicola Philippi (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras bicorne Philippi (sinónimo menor Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras excavatum Philippi (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum laesicolle), y Bolboceras geotrupoides Laporte (ahora Bolborhinum geotrupoides). Adicionalmente, nosotros elevamos los subgéneros Pereirabolbus Martínez y Zefevazia Martínez a nivel genérico basado en la comparación morfológica con el género Bolborhinum. Como resultado, los siguientes combinaciones reflejan este cambio de estatus: Pereirabolbus castaneus (Klug), Pereirabolbus tucumanensis (Boucomont), Zefevazia cantisanii (Martínez), Zefevazia peruana (Boucomont), Zefevazia quinquedentata (Felsche), y Zefevazia rosascostai Martínez. Estos cambios son congruentes con los conceptos genéricos de Bolboceratinae de otras partes del mundo, y con la clasificación moderna del grupo.

Catalogue of Recent and fossil “worm-snail” taxa of the families Vermetidae, Siliquariidae, and Turritellidae (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2948 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RÜDIGER BIELER ◽  
RICHARD E. PETIT
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Marine Gastropod ◽  
History Of

The taxonomy of the uncoiling “worm-snails” belonging to the marine gastropod families Vermetidae, Siliquariidae and Turritellidae is notoriously confused and their nominal species frequently mixed (in the literature as well as in type specimen collections) with members of superficially similar tube-building polychaete worms or members of unrelated molluscan groups. A long history of introducing and using infrasubspecific names and the rampant employment of homonymous names for unrelated taxa had contributed to a system that became unworkable. The current catalogue researches nearly 1,500 names that have been cited in conjunction with Recent and fossil taxa worm-snail taxonomy (six names above family-group level, 18 family-group names, 195 genus-group names, 1,278 species-group names). Each name’s validity and availability (in the sense of the I.C.Z.N. Code) was investigated and current placement within or outside the mentioned worm-snail families is suggested. 560 species-group names are interpreted as available for members of the worm-snail groups here under discussion. Of these, approximately 280 species-group names are available for extant taxa. Various formal First-Reviser actions are taken to resolve priority issues. The type species for Tulaxoda Blainville, 1828 is herein designated to be Serpulorbis polyphragma Sasso, 1827, making Tulaxoda an objective junior synonym of Thylacodes Guettard, 1770. Magilus Montfort, 1810 is declared a nomen protectum over Campulotus Guettard, 1770, a nomen oblitum. Recurring nomenclatural issues and those too complex to treat within the regular catalogue entries are discussed in 22 taxa notes. The catalogue is fully referenced in 766 literature titles and eight associated literature notes. 

Phylogenetic analysis and preliminary classification of the Parathalassiinae (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae sensu lato)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4648 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
JEFFREY M. CUMMING ◽  
SCOTT E. BROOKS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Present Concept ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Preliminary Classification ◽  
Generic Relationships

Phylogenetic relationships of the subgroups of Parathalassiinae are presented, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Worldwide, all known extant genera, species groups and newly discovered undescribed lineages are represented in the analysis. Some previously proposed generic relationships are supported by the analysis, but recognition of many current genera renders the present concept of Microphorella Becker as both paraphyletic and polyphyletic. Microphorella merzi Gatt is here classified in Eothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, as Eothalassius merzi (Gatt) comb. nov. A preliminary classification with all included extant lineages within the Parathalassiinae (at the genus and species group level) is outlined. The ranking of these lineages is discussed and several species groups of Microphorella may need to be elevated to generic or subgeneric level, whereas some currently recognized genera may need to be relegated to subgenera. 

To Understand the Informal (on the Book BY V. L. Tambovtsev “Economics of Informal Institutions”)

2015 ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
A. Zaostrovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Classification

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

Strategies for Survival of the World — Risk Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovo Lojanica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
National Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Iso 31000 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Level

All management standards have requirements for different aspects of improvements on the personal level, family level, company level, in business and life. What is about national level and country level? Is it possible for today’s generations to learn history of nations and of civilizations? If it is — ok, let’s apply it on actual time and people to have less problems and difficulties — especially if is actual in field of risk management. Majority of people are occupied by today’s problems. They don’t consider past and future challenges. People from each country strive for better quality, better and cleaner environment, higher safety etc. historically and today. But could we remember: How did Genghis Khan conquer many regions and how was he defeated? How did Mayas and Aztecs die out? How were Native Americans in North America drastically reduced in numbers? How did the Roman Imperium vanish? How was the Ottoman Imperium established and how it vanished? How many people were killed in the wars in XX century, etc? In all these catastrophic changes risks were not considered in an adequate way. Requirements of risk management — Principles and guidelines — ISO 31000:2009 are very consultative. They could be used on country level, national level, regional level, continental and intercontinental level.

Assessment criteria for aggregate social welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2371
Author(s):  
S.A. Moskal'onov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Exchange Economy ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Impossibility Theorem ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Arrow's Impossibility Theorem ◽  
History Of

Subject. The article addresses the history of development and provides the criticism of existing criteria for aggregate social welfare (on the simple exchange economy (the Edgeworth box) case). Objectives. The purpose is to develop a unique classification of criteria to assess the aggregate social welfare. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and mathematical analysis. Results. The paper considers strong, strict and weak versions of the Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson criteria, introduces the notion of equivalence and constructs orderings by Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson. The Pareto and Samuelson's criteria are transitive, however, not complete. The Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky citeria are not transitive in the general case. Conclusions. The lack of an ideal social welfare criterion is the consequence of the Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, and of the group of impossibility theorems in economics. It is necessary to develop new approaches to the assessment of aggregate welfare.

COLLECTING THE PERSONAL ORIGIN DOCUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Elena M. Burova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The article covers the issues of initiative acquisition of archives in the documents of personal origin during the Great Patriotic War, the organization of work to identify and collect the wartime documents. Collecting documents of ordinary citizens, in particular letters from the front and to the front is analyzed. Proposals to create the specialized archives of documents on the history of the war were never implemented. Quite a lot of the actions, search operations and expeditions were conducted in the country, for example, the “Chronicle of the Great Patriotic War”, the “Frontline letter”, the “Search”, the “Memory”, etc., during which a significant number of documents of war participants and home front workers were collected and stored. Not so much of the documents of personal origin of the war participants are concentrated in the archives. In general, there prevails the collection type of organization for storing documents from the period of the Great Patriotic War. With reference to the corpus of documents of personal origin of the war period the research literature pays its attention mostly to correspondence and diaries, memoirs. Historians and archivists, analyzing wartime letters, offer different classifications depending on the authors, recipients, subjects, etc. The article provides a generalized classification of letters based on their inherent similarities. The author also analyzes the reasons for a small number of extant diaries and memoirs, and provides examples of their classification. Likewise the article describes current approaches to the collection of personal papers within the frames of the Moscow Glavarkhiv project “Moscow – with care for history” and the Ministry of Defense project “The Memory Road”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document