scholarly journals Family Dynamics and Children's Outcomes: the Role of Silent Interparental Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Magdalena Maria Kielpikowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

<p><b>Conflict between parents has been widely studied and its detrimental consequences for children have been documented across domains of psychological functioning, academic performance and social adjustment. Research has focused on the verbal and physical expressions of interparental conflict, however, when tested for, strong indications have been emerging that its non-verbal non-physical forms have similarly serious implications for the young people‟s wellbeing as the overt ones. The scarceness of findings related to covert forms of interparental conflict provided impetus for qualitative research with parents and adolescents (Kielpikowski & Pryor, 2008; Pryor & Pattison, 2007). The research has resulted in proposing a construct of silent interparental conflict (SIC) and provided the conceptual foundation for this thesis. Adopting a systemic approach to the functioning of families characterised by interrelatedness and reciprocity of influences among the members, this thesis investigated processes related to silent interparental conflict through a series of empirical studies with New Zealand families.</b></p> <p>The need for developing the Silent Interparental Conflict Scale (SICS) for parents was rationalised following a review of a comprehensive assembly of representative instruments for measuring couples‟ conflict. The items were derived from the qualitative data corpus (Kielpikowski, 2004). A three factor structure was established and supported by confirmatory factor analyses using data from two samples of parents (Ns = 108 and 260). The SICS demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and stability over time.</p> <p>The modus operandi of SIC was hypothesises and tested from the perspectives of parents and adolescents. Drawing from multidisciplinary scholarship, predictors and psychological outcomes of SIC for parents were hypothesised. Theoretical models were tested concurrently and after a lapse of one year utilising data from 115 parental dyads. The findings suggested divergent processes for mothers and fathers. The hypothesised links between the incidence and the Costs of SIC and psychological maladjustment were supported concurrently. Additionally, uniquely for mothers, their perception of the Benefits of silent conflict resulted in reduced maladjustment over time. SIC for fathers was consistently predicted by own avoidance of conflict both concurrently and over time. For mothers the consistent concurrent and longitudinal predictor of SIC was the perceived hostility from partner. Protectiveness towards children acted as a concurrent predictor of SIC for mothers and fathers, for whom additionally it predicted SIC over time. Tests for reciprocal influences using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) indicated a significant Partner effect from fathers‟ own avoidance to mothers‟ perceptions of SIC. Parents differed significantly on Actor effects with path coefficients higher on conflict avoidance for fathers and on partner‟s hostility for mothers.</p> <p>The impact of SIC on the wellbeing of adolescents was hypothesised within the cognitive contextual framework (Grych & Fincham, 1990) and the spillover hypothesis (Erel & Burman, 1995). Adolescents‟ adjustment was conceptualised as consisting of internalising and externalising problems measured with items from the SDQ (Goodman, Melzer, & Bailey, 1998), and of positive expectations of the future measured with a scale designed for the study. Threat, self-blame and parental SIC-related spillover behaviour represented by hostility towards the adolescents were posed as mediators of the effects of SIC on adolescents‟ adjustment. Separate models were tested for boys and girls and for the parent-child gender constellations. Over time the effect of SIC on boys‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by father‟s hostility. In contrast, the longitudinal effect of SIC on girls‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by the appraisal of threat and the effect on their expectations of the future was fully mediated by mother‟s hostility. Analyses of longitudinal familywide models revealed that fathers‟ perceptions of SIC differentially influenced the boys‟ and girls‟ processes.</p> <p>The findings advance our understanding of the functioning of SIC and highlight the relatedness and the uniqueness of associated processes for family members depending on their gender and role within the family system.</p>

scholarly journals Family Dynamics and Children's Outcomes: the Role of Silent Interparental Conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Magdalena Maria Kielpikowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internalising Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

<p><b>Conflict between parents has been widely studied and its detrimental consequences for children have been documented across domains of psychological functioning, academic performance and social adjustment. Research has focused on the verbal and physical expressions of interparental conflict, however, when tested for, strong indications have been emerging that its non-verbal non-physical forms have similarly serious implications for the young people‟s wellbeing as the overt ones. The scarceness of findings related to covert forms of interparental conflict provided impetus for qualitative research with parents and adolescents (Kielpikowski & Pryor, 2008; Pryor & Pattison, 2007). The research has resulted in proposing a construct of silent interparental conflict (SIC) and provided the conceptual foundation for this thesis. Adopting a systemic approach to the functioning of families characterised by interrelatedness and reciprocity of influences among the members, this thesis investigated processes related to silent interparental conflict through a series of empirical studies with New Zealand families.</b></p> <p>The need for developing the Silent Interparental Conflict Scale (SICS) for parents was rationalised following a review of a comprehensive assembly of representative instruments for measuring couples‟ conflict. The items were derived from the qualitative data corpus (Kielpikowski, 2004). A three factor structure was established and supported by confirmatory factor analyses using data from two samples of parents (Ns = 108 and 260). The SICS demonstrated excellent psychometric qualities and stability over time.</p> <p>The modus operandi of SIC was hypothesises and tested from the perspectives of parents and adolescents. Drawing from multidisciplinary scholarship, predictors and psychological outcomes of SIC for parents were hypothesised. Theoretical models were tested concurrently and after a lapse of one year utilising data from 115 parental dyads. The findings suggested divergent processes for mothers and fathers. The hypothesised links between the incidence and the Costs of SIC and psychological maladjustment were supported concurrently. Additionally, uniquely for mothers, their perception of the Benefits of silent conflict resulted in reduced maladjustment over time. SIC for fathers was consistently predicted by own avoidance of conflict both concurrently and over time. For mothers the consistent concurrent and longitudinal predictor of SIC was the perceived hostility from partner. Protectiveness towards children acted as a concurrent predictor of SIC for mothers and fathers, for whom additionally it predicted SIC over time. Tests for reciprocal influences using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006) indicated a significant Partner effect from fathers‟ own avoidance to mothers‟ perceptions of SIC. Parents differed significantly on Actor effects with path coefficients higher on conflict avoidance for fathers and on partner‟s hostility for mothers.</p> <p>The impact of SIC on the wellbeing of adolescents was hypothesised within the cognitive contextual framework (Grych & Fincham, 1990) and the spillover hypothesis (Erel & Burman, 1995). Adolescents‟ adjustment was conceptualised as consisting of internalising and externalising problems measured with items from the SDQ (Goodman, Melzer, & Bailey, 1998), and of positive expectations of the future measured with a scale designed for the study. Threat, self-blame and parental SIC-related spillover behaviour represented by hostility towards the adolescents were posed as mediators of the effects of SIC on adolescents‟ adjustment. Separate models were tested for boys and girls and for the parent-child gender constellations. Over time the effect of SIC on boys‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by father‟s hostility. In contrast, the longitudinal effect of SIC on girls‟ internalising problems was fully mediated by the appraisal of threat and the effect on their expectations of the future was fully mediated by mother‟s hostility. Analyses of longitudinal familywide models revealed that fathers‟ perceptions of SIC differentially influenced the boys‟ and girls‟ processes.</p> <p>The findings advance our understanding of the functioning of SIC and highlight the relatedness and the uniqueness of associated processes for family members depending on their gender and role within the family system.</p>

scholarly journals Does child gender moderate the relationship between interparental conflict and child outcomes? Findings from the Danish Longitudinal Study of Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Baviskar
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Interparental Conflict ◽  
Family System ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The hypothesis that child gender moderates the relationship between interparental conflict (IPC), conceptualized as a normative phenomenon, and child outcomes was evaluated using Danish mother data from the Danish Longitudinal Survey of Children (DALSC), which follows a nationally representative sample of children born in September-October 1995. IPC was assessed at age seven using a five-item scale measuring frequency of quarrels between parents on topics common to daily family life. Child outcomes were evaluated at age eleven using three indicators of internalizing (emotional problems, somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms) and two indicators of externalizing symptoms (conduct problems and hyperactivity). OLS regression analyses indicated, overall, that the longitudinal association between IPC and the chosen outcomes was weak and child gender weakly moderated the association between IPC and child outcomes. Specifically, gender differences were limited only to conduct problems after controlling for the child’s psycho-social adjustment and health characteristics, mother’s depressive symptoms and disciplinary behaviour and parents’ socio-economic status at age 7. Furthermore, contrary to expectations derived from the male vulnerability and differential reactivity models, the IPC-conduct problems association was stronger among girls than among boys. In general, IPC predicted a number of outcomes among girls but did not predict any among boys. These findings suggest that it is important in both academic and professional work to consider that the impact of IPC on boys and girls may vary depending on the nature of the conflict and the type of families affected by it. Furthermore, while IPC may not have a direct impact over time, its effects may continue to be felt through other elements of the family system, such as the parent-child relationship.

scholarly journals China’s Investments in Germany and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Xinming Xia ◽  
Wan-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Know How ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Chinese State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper analyses how China’s investments in Germany have developed over time and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this regard, based on four different datasets, including our own survey in mid-2020. Our analysis shows that Germany is currently one of the most attractive investment destinations for Chinese investors. Chinese state-owned enterprises have played an important role as investors in Germany — particularly in large-scale projects. The COVID-19 pandemic has had some negative but rather temporary effects on Chinese investments in Germany. Germany is expected to stay attractive to Chinese investors who seek to gain access to advanced technologies and know-how in the future.

Decision Making Regarding Prophylactic Mastectomy: Stability of Preferences and the Impact of Anticipated Feelings of Regret

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 2358-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra van Dijk ◽  
Mariëlle S. van Roosmalen ◽  
Wilma Otten ◽  
Peep F.M. Stalmeier
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Management Preferences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stability Of Preferences ◽  
Over Time

Purpose Women who test positive for a BRCA1/2 mutation face difficult choices to manage their breast cancer risk; one of these choices is whether to opt for prophylactic mastectomy. Few data are available about this decision-making process. The current study provides data regarding the stability of risk-management preferences over time and the factors that are associated with these preferences. Patients and Methods We analyzed data from 338 women who opted for breast cancer antigen (BRCA) testing. First, we prospectively assessed preferences of 80 BRCA mutation carriers at five different points in time ranging from 1 week after blood sampling up to 9 months after BRCA-test disclosure. Second, we applied univariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine which medical, sociodemographic, and psychological factors are related to a preference for prophylactic mastectomy. Results Ninety percent of the women already indicated a preference regarding risk management at baseline. Moreover, most women had stable preferences over time. Furthermore, anticipated feelings of regret in case of a hypothetical breast cancer diagnosis in the near future were strongly related to risk-management preference (odds ratio = 8.93; P < .0001). Conclusion Women seem to decide at a relatively early stage about their risk-management preferences. Many of them may be sensitive to the possibility of regret in case of a bad outcome. We discuss whether possible regret in the future is a rational reason for opting for prophylactic mastectomy, or whether it signifies an emotional coping process or strategy in which the future costs are no longer fully considered.

scholarly journals Hospitalitas Kristen bentuk layanan konseling bagi orang yang kecanduan judi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitriani Padatu
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
Over Time

AbstractForm of counseling against people who are addicted to gambling. In that case gambling is referred to as a social illness or a disease of society because of its social symptoms that occur in the community. in general this gambling is a form of game by using a profitable bet. But over time gamblers increasingly bring a lot of negative impacts to the community and even families. to illustrate how the form of counsellors awakens people who are addicted to gambling by using qualitative descriptive research forms. efforts made by counsellors to help counsellors get out of the problem at hand. this is done in order to find accurate information such as through observation interviews and documentation. One of the rational ways is also that with the approach of criminal law Gambling must be addressed rationally. In order for criminal law policy to be able to tackle gambling in the future. It is also the church should play a role the church should not shut down about something like this because cases like this still occur in the community even within the church itself. The Church should be able to find solutions for people addicted to gambling. So that the impact of gambling in societyandfamilycanbeminimized.Keywords: counsellor, counsellor/client and gamblingAbstrak Bentuk konseling terhadap orang yang kecanduan judi. Dalam hal tersebut judi Disebut sebagai penyakit sosial atau penyakit masyarakat karena gejala sosialnya yang terjadi di tengah masyarakat.pada umumnya perjudian ini adalah suatu bentuk permainan dengan menggunakan taruhan yang bersifat untung-untungan. Tetapi seiring berjalannya waktu pejudi semakin membawa banyak dampak yang negative bagi masyarakat bahkan keluarga. untuk menggambarkan bagaimana bentuk konselor menyadarkan para orang yang kecanduan judi dengan menggunakan Bentuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif . upaya yang dilakukan oleh konselor untuk membantu konseli keluar dari masalah yang dihadapi. ini dilakukan agar bisa mencari informasi yang akurat seperti melalui wawancara observasi (pengamatan ) dan dokumentasi. Salah satu cara yang rasional juga tersebut adalah dengan pendekatan hukum pidana Perjudian harus ditanggulangi secara rasional. Agar kebijakan hukum pidana mampu menanggulangi perjudian dimasa yang akan..Hal ini juga gereja harus berperan gereja tidak boleh menutup diri akan hal seperti ini karena kasus seperti ini masih banyak terjadi dalam masyarakat bahkan dalam gereja sendiri. Gereja harus bisa mencari solusi bagi masyarakat yang kecanduan judi. Sehingga dampak dari perjudian dalam masyarakat dan keluarga dapat diminimalisir.

scholarly journals Contemporary linguistics of English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Fahreta Fijuljanin ◽  
Samina Dazdarević ◽  
Amela Lukač-Zoranić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Future ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The paper examines the influence of modern linguistics and the consequences of language reflection on both English language and global philology. A comparative analysis of preferences and lacks of traditional and modern linguistics represent a common view of the progress and the needs of the language. The paper aims to highlight several recent studies of modern linguists in the field of English linguistics such as Chomsky, Sapir, Halliday and Bloomfield as the representative of English speaking grammarians. Modern linguistics, as a set of different variations, raises the question of how and why language changes over time. It possibly may represent the basis for research on contemporary linguistics as a turning point for language change in the future, as well as the impact of society on language, change and universals.

The Impact of MOOC on Education System

2018 ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Education System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Recent developments in the field of MOOCs in India include the launching of the SWAYAM platform and the UGC guidelines to include MOOC courses through SWAYAM platform in the curriculum. The basic idea of MOOC is very simple; however, its accessibility is not a success as the theme promises. The worldwide success rate of MOOC is as low as 10% of the all registrations. This data is of very serious concern. On the brighter side of the discussion, its popularity has grown over time and more courses are now available for study. This chapter deals with the current status as well as the future scope of MOOC in India.

scholarly journals Familien mit einem schizophren erkrankten Elternteil: Ergebnisse einer fallrekonstruktiven Familienstudie

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Johannes Jungbauer ◽  
Jutta Kinzel-Senkbeil ◽  
Juliane Kuhn ◽  
Albert Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family System ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aims at investigating the impact of a parental schizophrenia on the family members, their everyday life and their relations. For this purpose, we conduct qualitative interviews with mothers and fathers suffering from schizophrenia, their spouses and children. Methods: Interview data is analyzed using casereconstructive as well as content analysis methods. Results: Although results illustrate a great variety of family constellations and burdening circumstances, there are a number of typical patterns: Having children is perceived by affected parents in an ambiguous manner, i.e. as a resource as well as a distress. Relationships of couples and families are often impaired, resulting in a high risk of abandonment of relationships. At the same time, family members strive for normality in everyday life. Normalisation and avoidance strategies can bring about that the schizophrenia becomes a taboo issue within the family. Thus, with regard to their parent’s illness, many of the children are insufficiently informed. Often, the children are overstrained by this situation and, in turn, may develop behaviour disorders, anxiety, or depression. Discussion: In sum, schizophrenia can be considered as a “family disease” as it strongly affects the whole family system. Hence, it is necessary to provide preventive help offers for affected parents, their spouses and children. For delivering support, youth welfare and public health services should cooperate closely. Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse einer fallrekonstruktiven Studie vorgestellt, bei der Familien mit einem schizophren erkrankten Elternteil befragt wurden. Dabei sollte untersucht wurden, wie sich die Schizophrenie auf die Familienmitglieder, ihren Alltag und ihre Beziehungen auswirkt. Methodik: Die Auswertung erfolgte sowohl fall- als auch themenbezogen, wobei inhaltsanalytische und fallrekonstruktive Verfahren eingesetzt wurden. Ergebnisse: Trotz der Vielfalt der familiären Konstellationen und Belastungslagen zeigte sich eine Reihe charakteristischer Muster. Kinder zu haben bedeutet für erkrankte Eltern, sowohl Ressourcen als auch Belastungen zu haben. Paar- und Familienbeziehungen sind oft stark beeinträchtigt und weisen ein hohes Risiko für Beziehungsabbrüche auf. Zugleich wird im Familienalltag eine Normalität jenseits der Erkrankung angestrebt und erlebt. Normalisierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien können dazu beitragen, dass die Erkrankung zu einem Tabuthema wird. Viele Kinder sind daher unzureichend über die elterliche Schizophrenie informiert. Sie sind in dieser Situation oft überfordert und entwickeln ihrerseits Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Ängste und Depressionen. Diskussion: Die Schizophrenie kann insofern als „Familienerkrankung“ gedeutet werden, als sie das gesamte Familiensystem beeinflusst, belastet und gefährdet. Aus diesem Grund sollten verstärkt familienorientierte Präventionsangebote bereitgestellt werden, wobei Gesundheitswesen und Jugendhilfe eng miteinander kooperieren sollten.

Children's education and their financial transfers to ageing parents in rural China: mothers and fathers’ strategic advantages in enforcing reciprocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaolin Pei ◽  
Zhen Cong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Family System ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis investigation examined the impact of children's education on their financial support to older parents in rural China based on a theoretical framework that regards financial transfers from adult children as motivated by parents’ earlier investments on children's education, and mothers and fathers having different strategic advantages to enforce reciprocity. The sample derived from six waves of panel data from the Longitudinal Study of Older Adults in Anhui Province, China, from 2001 to 2015, based on which we constructed five stacked intervals (2001–2003, 2003–2006, 2006–2009, 2009–2012, 2012–2015). The random-effects models showed that the highest educated child provided more financial support than other children and that the amount was conditional on the actual educational attainment of the highest educated child. Our results also suggested that fathers and mothers have different strategic advantages in the process. Mothers’ emotional bonds with their highest educated children enforced financial returns. In contrast, fathers’ stronger identification with traditional filial norms was more consequential for receiving financial support from the highest educated children. We discuss these findings in the context of the patrilineal family system and social changes, including rapid population ageing and the decline of fertility rates.

scholarly journals PERAN POLA ASUH BAGI ANAK TERLANTAR DI PANTI SOSIAL ASUHAN ANAK (PSAA) HARAPAN MAJELUK KOTA MATARAM NTB

KOMUNITAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82
Author(s):  
Abdul Najib ◽  
Rosita Wardiana
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Parenting for children is a highly transcendental thing in creating a young generation who has a mandate in social change. Children are the successors who will continue the leadership in the future. The existence of parenting is a behavioral pattern applied to children which is relatively consistent over time and is very influential in the formation of characteristics of children which the impact will be felt by the children either in aspect of positive or negative. Caregivers have a very big responsibility because the success of foster children is very dependent on coaching of caregivers. Therefore, the caregivers can act as a parent in giving the attention, affection and security, brothers in communicating with the children can solve the problems, the teachers in helping to learn, the service in helping to meet the needs of the children. Caregivers are people who play all roles of the orphanage to educate and direct the foster children. The orphanage environment collaborates with community and school teachers where the foster children attend school. Caregivers through foster parents are temporary, where the children must be immediately returned to the care of their parents. In carrying out its role as a caregiver, the social orphan age of children (PSAA) of Harapan Majeluk of Mataram does its job with patience and compassion, because besides acting as a caregiver, caregivers of socialorphanage of children(PSAA) of Harapan Majeluk of Mataram also roles as teachers.Keywords: Roles, Parenting, Waifs.

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