scholarly journals Systemology of objects and processes in digitalization of the life cycle of engineering products

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
B. M. Bazrov ◽  
M. L. Kheifetz ◽  
V. L. Hurevich ◽  
N. N. Popok
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Profile ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Complex Profile Surfaces ◽  
Production Conditions

The main methods of classification and coding in mechanical engineering are studied from the systemic point of view, their main characteristics are considered. When analyzing the systemology of classification of machines of various functional purposes, the absence of a unified methodological approach in constructing the classification and in coding the products is shown. In the existing classifications, products are considered constructively only as objects of operation, and the other stages of their life cycle are not affected. As a result of the system analysis, a unified methodological approach is proposed for constructing classifications, coding and unification of products for various functional purposes, reflecting the features of all stages of their life cycle. For the production stages of the life cycle, a system of classifications using various coding methods is considered: a description of structural and technological elements formed by the tool edges, a sequence of numbers, taking into account signs; a description of the surfaces formed by tool movements, in numbers, indicating the directions of feed movements; and to describe complex-profile surfaces and a combination of long-range elements, their combination is used. The expediency of using each of the classifications in real production conditions is determined by the statistics of use of structural and technological elements and surfaces, as well as of tools that form them.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

scholarly journals To transport waste or transport recycling plant: Insights from life-cycle analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Guilhem Grimaud ◽  
Bertrand Laratte ◽  
Nicolas Perry
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The One ◽  
Waste Deposit ◽  
Centralized System

The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental and economic balance between a collection of waste requiring the transport to a centralized recycling plant versus the displacement of a recycling plant near the waste production’s location. Two systems are compared in the study with economic and environmental Life cycle analysis (LCC and LCA) tools. The first one considers a centralized recycling plant that gathers batch of cables from different locations in Europe. The second scenario considers a transportable recycling plant, the Cablebox (designed by MTB Manufacturing), which is regularly carried to be close to the waste deposit to recycle waste cables. On the one hand, the study demonstrates huge environmental benefits for transportable recycling plants in comparison with the centralized system. The overall environmental impact is halved on the climate change indicator. On the other hand, the results show the economic advantages of such solution. The treatment cost per ton of recycling is reduced by 5 to 8%. Transportable recycling solutions seem to be a good answer to solve End-of-Life logistic issues, both from an economic and an environmental point of view.

On the Classification and Prognosis of Idiocy

1872 ◽  
Vol 18 (83) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Conditions

There always must be some awkwardness about the classification of insanity. It is regarded as aberration of function of the nervous centres, the result of a number of nervous diseases. The physician who wishes to have a proper know ledge of insanity from a medical point of view must study the pathological conditions of which it is the symptom or the result, and when he has done so it is impossible for him to disconnect one series of observations from the other-the mental aberration from the accompanying disaese of tissue or pathological symptoms.

scholarly journals Are electric vehicles eco-friendly products? A review from life cycle and sustainability perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Niculina Alexandra Grigore ◽  
Claudiu Vasile Kifor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Use Phase

Industry, especially the automotive industry is permanently changing and adapting to the external and internal factors. The appearance of the new types of vehicles – electric vehicles, is a big and important step not only regarding the evolution of the product, but also regarding the advantages of reducing environmental impact. It is promoted the idea that an electric vehicle generates less direct emissions in use phase compared with a conventional one. If we limit to this, we could say that we are dealing with an eco-friendly type of vehicle. The question is, can we extend this idea to the other stages of the life cycle? What about the sustainability of the industry? This article highlights the methods of environmental impact assessment used by researchers for electric vehicles in terms of life cycle and sustainability. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that even if are a large number of articles addressing electric vehicles, only a small number of them evaluate the electric vehicle from life cycle and sustainability point of view.

scholarly journals Life cycle and genetic diversity of willow rusts (Melampsora spp.) in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ciszewska-Marciniak ◽  
Małgorzata Jędryczka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Short Rotation

The paper is a review of classical and recent studies on willow rusts in Europe, with special reference to short rotation coppice willows used for biomass production, such as common osier willow (<i>Salix viminalis</i> L.). The review presents the taxonomic classification of rust fungi from the genus <i>Melampsora</i> spp. We present a list of telial hosts (genus <i>Salix</i>) as well as aecial hosts for different rust species. The life cycle of this fungal pathogen is described in detail from the epidemiological and genetic point of view. The DNA polymorphism of <i>M. lariciepitea</i>, the rust species most responsible for severe yield losses of plant biomass, is characterised based on RAPD, AFLP and RFLP-PCR methods.

FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM RESOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Olena Suhina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
State And Local

Valuation of natural resources, in particular ecosystem resources, occupies one of the leading places in modern economic theory. It should be noted that all methodological and methodical approaches used in world practice to determine the value of natural resources, in their economic essence evaluate each object of using the nature as a commodity that can be bought, sold, leased, etc. This approach is based on an economic point of view and does not take into account the ecological properties of this resource (for example, forest is evaluated exclusively as wood – raw material for the woodworking industry, and its assimilative and oxygen-producing properties are not taken into account). In the article we propose a methodological approach to the valuation of ecosystem assets of territorial communities that provide assimilation and oxygen production services to society, which is based on the ecological-economic point of view. The essence of this method is that the valuation of ecosystem resources is determined by the cost of their ecosystem services that they provide to society throughout its life cycle. Moreover, when carrying out a summary valuation of various ecosystem assets (forest, water, land), the latter must be valued by the same (identical) method. The paper proposes an algorithm and a specific mathematical apparatus that allows to determine the value of any ecosystem resource and on its basis to determine the complex value of ecosystems owned by local communities. Tables of data on the volumes of carbon dioxide absorption by plants of Ukraine, which most intensively assimilate carbon dioxide, on indicators of oxygen release by plants and on the duration of the life cycle of certain species of trees and shrubs. It is these indicators can be used as performance characteristics in the proposed mathematical apparatus in the valuation of ecosystem assets. It is noted that the availability of valuation of ecosystem assets will allow, both at the state and local levels, to make appropriate management decisions on their effective use.

A classification of the literature of insanity with relative index, on Dewey's decimal system

1905 ◽  
Vol 51 (213) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
A. R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Other Hand

While the Association is engaged in considering the proposals of the Statistical Committee, it may be helpful to note what has been written about insanity from the point of view of a librarian. The following extended classification has been found adequate for the arrangement of some 1,500 books and pamphlets relating to this subject. An authors catalogue is easily prepared upon the usual dictionary plan, but it assumes a wide knowledge of literature, not only as a matter of history, but also as an incessant and overmastering growth. A subjects catalogue, on the other hand, is the method of importance to workers who, with the least possible delay, want to ascertain what has been written on all or any of the various aspects of the main subject engaging attention.

scholarly journals FEITOS ESTILIZADOS DO PATRÓN DE INVESTIMENTO NA ECONOMÍA ESPAÑOLA, 1981-2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cárdenas del Rey
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
New Evidence

O obxecto principal deste traballo é presentar un conxunto de feitos estilizados sobre opatrón de investimento que amosou a economía española nas derradeiras décadas. Arealización deste tipo de análise é relevante como punto de partida para posterioresestudos sobre o investimento en España, especialmente pola importancia central que teno investimento no crecemento económico. Utilízanse os datos da base BBVA-IVIE pero cunenfoque metodolóxico distinto, máis achegado ás categorías do BEA estadounidense.Grazas a isto, neste traballo apórtase nova evidencia sobre os trazos característicos dopatrón de capitalización, dos que os máis interesantes son: i) Existiu unha “aceleración” nocrecemento entre os dous ciclos expansivos; ii) A nivel de composición técnica, oinvestimento en equipamentos é o que amosou un maior dinamismo; iii) a nivel deaxentes investidores, o investimento corporativo tivo unha gran constancia no seucrecemento, véndose complementado polo “relevo” dos outros axentes, é dicir, oinvestimento das AA.PP: creceu máis no primeiro ciclo expansivo (1981-1993) e oinvestimento dos fogares no segundo (1994-2007), e iv) a nivel sectorial o investimentoconcentrouse en sectores con maior dinamismo en creación de emprego, sendoparadigmático o caso do sector da construción. The main aim of this report is to introduce a set of stylized facts about the investment patterndisplayed by the Spanish economy in the past decades. This type of analysis is relevant as astarting point for further studies on investment in Spain, especially given the importance ofinvestment in economic growth. Information from the BBVA-IVIE database has been used witha different methodological approach, closer to the categories of the American BEA. As a result,new evidence is exposed along with the characteristics of the capitalization pattern, of whichthe most interesting ones are the following: (i) There was an "acceleration" in growth betweenboth expansive cycles. (ii) As far as technical composition is concerned, investment inequipment is the one that has been more dynamic. (iii) From the agent investment point of view,business capitalization has been hugely consistent with growth, being complemented by the"relay" of the other two agents, i.e., the government investment in the first expansionary cycle(1981-1993) and household investment in the second (1994-2007). (iv) At a sectoral level,investment has been concentrated in industries with greater dynamism in terms of job creationand, in this sense, the building industry is paradigmatic.

scholarly journals I - Biology and morphology of the immature stages of Mycetophilidae ( Diptera, Nematocera )

1937 ◽  
Vol 227 (541) ◽  
pp. 1-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Secondary Characters

The importance of larval characters in determining the affinities and systematic position of Diptera has been emphasized by Dufour, Brauer, Mik, Osten-Sacken, and Keilin. Osten-Sacken considered that the desideratum of dipterology was “ to establish the natural character of each family in its larval form as well as the natural characters of at least the principal genera within each family during the same stage of existence” . As Edwards says, “ The question as to whether the larval or adult characters are of greater value for classification has often been raised. In more than one case the larval characters have been shown to be more important (Culicidae, Mycetobia ), and in some cases the classification of adults has been based on Secondary Characters, and only further examination revealed the characters of real taxonomic value ”. The position of Mycetobia provides a good example of the importance of larval characters. Winnertz and J ohannsen included it in the Mycetophilidae. Keilin (1919, a),from a detailed larval study of Mycetobia and Rhyphus , concluded that they are closely related. Further investigations by E dwards based on adult characters confirmed Keilin’s view that it should be transferred to the Rhyphidae.* In our present state of knowledge, however, classification based on larval characters could not supersede classification by adults, as only a small proportion of the immature stages of insects is known in comparison to the number of adults. However, as Edwards points out, “ Any attempt to base a classification on adults only without reference to the other stages is an unnatural proceeding and likely to produce unnatural results, owing to the ease with which striking but really superficial characters can be confused with those of more fundamental importance from the point of view of phylogeny ”.

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