scholarly journals IMMUNOGISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PEYER’S PATCHES OF THE ALBINO RATS’ SMALL INTESTINE IS NORMAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peyer’S Patches

scholarly journals GENERAL HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHOID NODULES OF PEYER’S PATCHES OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN ALBINO RATS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF A BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
Y. P. Kostylenko ◽  
K. V. Hryn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Administration of an antibiotic by any route can cause dysbacteriosis, but its risk is the highest when taken orally, since the drug gets directly into the intestine, affecting microflora. After administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic, Peyer’s patches of the small intestine of albino rats remained unchanged both topographically and in their total amount. But at the same time, their total area is more than doubled, which, according to our data, becomes possible due to the appearance of a new generation of lymphoid nodules in them. The aim of the research was to study the histological characteristics of lymphoid nodules of Peyer’s patches of the small intestine in albino rats after administration of clarithromycin. 30 mature albino male rats weighing 200.0±20.0 g were involved in the experiment. The antibiotic was administered to the rodents as a supplement to food during their two-meals-a-day feeding. Areas of the small intestine with Peyer’s patches have been studied. Serial paraffin sections have been analyzed using the “Konus” light microscope. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures were obtained using the Sigeta X 1 mm / 100 Div.x0.01mm stage micrometer. It has been established that after the course of administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic (clarithromycin) in the small intestine of albino rats, the topography and total number of Peyer’s patches remain unchanged, while their total area increased by more than twice. This hyperplasia of structured lymphoid tissue in the mucous membrane of the small intestine of animals under the influence of the antibacterial drug occurs due to the appearance of new generations of lymphoid nodules in the Peyer’s patches, among which small, medium and large forms are distinguished, similar to the stages of their development. Each of them is distinguished by its morphological features, primarily, the conversion of the lymphoid-associated epithelium. Therefore, the genetically programmed total number of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of mature albino rats is constant, whereas the number of lymphoid nodules in them is a variable that depends on the state of the intestinal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals Regional heterogeneity in rat Peyer’s patches through whole transcriptome analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 153537022097301
Author(s):  
Charles L Phillips ◽  
Bradley A Welch ◽  
Michael R Garrett ◽  
Bernadette E Grayson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Whole Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Peyer’s patches are gut-associated lymphoid tissue located throughout the intestinal wall. Peyer’s patches consist of highly organized ovoid-shaped follicles, classified as non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues, populated with B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and function as an organism’s intestinal surveillance. Limited work compares the gene profiles of Peyer’s patches derived from different intestinal regions. In the current study, we first performed whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq to compare duodenal and ileal Peyer’s patches obtained from the small intestine of Long Evans rats. Of the 12,300 genes that were highly expressed, 18.5% were significantly different between the duodenum and ileum. Using samples obtained from additional subjects ( n = 10), we validated the novel gene expression patterns in Peyer’s patches obtained from the three regions of the small intestine. Rats had a significantly reduced number of Peyer’s patches in the duodenum in comparison to either the jejunum or ileum. Regional differences in structural, metabolic, and immune-related genes were validated. Genes such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1, gap junction protein beta 2, and serine peptidase inhibitor clade b, member 1a were significantly reduced in the ileum in comparison to other regions. On the other hand, genes such as complement C3d receptor type, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1, and lysozyme C2 precursor were significantly lower in the duodenum. In summary, the gene expression pattern of Peyer’s patches is influenced by intestinal location and may contribute to its role in that segment.

Nitric oxide modulates T-lymphocyte migration in Peyer's patches and villous submucosa of rat small intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Hokari ◽  
Soichiro Miura ◽  
Hitoshi Fujimori ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsuzuki ◽  
Takeharu Shigematsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration

High-frequency ultrasound of Peyer’s patches in the small intestine of young cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove Nielsen ◽  
Lisa Lindström ◽  
Jessica Ingman ◽  
Margareta Uhlhorn ◽  
Kerstin Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

scholarly journals Role of acetylcholine on the isotype switching in Peyer's patches and lamina propria for IgA secretion in small intestine of BALB/c mice.

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salas Pimentel Marisol ◽  
Reséndiz Albor Aldo ◽  
Arciniega Martínez Ivonne ◽  
Martínez Becerril Elia ◽  
García Fonseca Alan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Isotype Switching

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE OF LYMPHOID-ASSOCIATED EPITHELIUM OF PEYERS’ PATCHES OF THE ALBINO RATS’ SMALL INTESTINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
Yu. P. Kostylenko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Functional Polymorphism ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Over the past two decades, there have been many publications dealing with the further development of an urgent issue on the immune system of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, called mucoseassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which includes spheres of innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immunity. Most structured formations and indicators of adaptive immunity in the intestinal mucosa are lymphoepithelial formation (Peyer's patches). The data on the formation of the peripheral part of the immune system are carried through the epithelium, mechanisms of interaction between pathogenic intestinal microflora and immunocompetent cells, thereby initiating the development of immune responses in the mucous membranes. A concept has long been established in the literature, according to which a leading role in mediating these reactions belongs to a special type of enterocytes, called M-cells. Before the concept of the initial role of these cells in the development of immune responses in the mucous membranes of the intestinal tract they were known as caveolated cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape and topological relations of M-cells with other types of enterocytes, and also with lymphoid elements Peyer's patches of the small intestine. 30 mature albino male rats weighted 200,0±20,0 g were involved into the study. After vivisection, which was carried out by an overdose of thiopental anesthesia (75 mg / kg of animal body weight intramuscularly in the upper third of the thigh of the hind paw) [1] in compliance with the requirements for dissection of the abdominal cavity, the entire complex of the gastrointestinal tract was removed, which was preserved in 10 % formalin solution. Subsequently, short sections of the small intestine, containing Peyer’s patches, were selectively excised. Finding the latter was not difficult due to their clear visualization on the external (nonmesenteric) surface of the small intestine in the form of whitish spots. The specimens, after washing from formalin and dehydration in alcohol of increasing concentration, were embedded into paraffin blocks, from which serial sections of 4 µm thick (Microm HM 325) were obtained with subsequent staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Van Gieson. Their study and documentation was carried out using the “Konus” light microscope equipped with the Sigeta DCM-900 9.0MP digital microphoto attachment and the Biorex 3 program (serial number 5604) adapted for these studies. In the study of many series of paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, it was found that while maintaining the general shape of the structure, lymphoid nodules are susceptible to plastic variability, which depends on situationally changing factors of antigenic effect, i.e., functional polymorphism is characteristic of them. This is especially true of their lymphoidassociated epithelium, which appears in a rather diverse form, which depends not only on the section angle, but also, probably, on its reactive state. Thus, in some cases it is a relatively even monolayer of intestinal epithelium, consisting mainly of absorbing enterocytes, among which the most distinct are goblet cells. At the same time, it draws attention to itself that in the apical sections of some of them there are clear signs of rupture of the plasmolemma and the presence in the cytoplasm of basophilic granular fibrous material of an unknown nature. Along with this picture, other histological sections of large lymphoid nodules of Peyer's patches of the small intestine demonstrate a different configurational character of lymphoid-associated epithelium, in which the cluster principle of cell distribution in the form of limited portioned sets is clearly noted. While maintaining the general structural shape, Peyer's patches were found to be subjected to plastic variability, which depends on situationally changing factors of antigenic exposure, i.e., functional polymorphism is characteristic of them. This is especially true of their lymphoid-associated epithelium. Identification of M-cells using only traditional histological methods in practice is complicated. And yet, in the process of a focused study of serial paraffin sections, it was possible to detect some morphological signs indicating their location.

scholarly journals Effect of Chronic Consumption of Sweeteners on Microbiota and Immunity in the Small Intestine of Young Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Martínez-Carrillo ◽  
C. A. Rosales-Gómez ◽  
N. Ramírez-Durán ◽  
A. A. Reséndiz-Albor ◽  
J. A. Escoto-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Group B ◽  
Young Mice

The consumption of sweeteners has increased as a measure to reduce the consumption of calories and thus combat obesity and diabetes. Sweeteners are found in a large number of products, so chronic consumption has been little explored. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic sweetener consumption on the microbiota and immunity of the small intestine in young mice. We used 72 CD1 mice of 21 days old, divided into 3 groups: (i) No treatment, (ii) Group A (6 weeks of treatment), and (iii) Group B (12 weeks of treatment). Groups A and B were divided into 4 subgroups: Control (CL), Sucrose (Suc), Splenda® (Spl), and Svetia® (Sv). The following were determined: anthropometric parameters, percentage of lymphocytes of Peyer’s patches and lamina propria, IL-6, IL-17, leptin, resistin, C-peptide, and TNF-α. From feces, the microbiota of the small intestine was identified. The BMI was not modified; the mice preferred the consumption of Splenda® and Svetia®. The percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes in Peyer’s patches was increased. In the lamina propria, Svetia® increased the percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes, but Splenda® decreases it. The Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups elevate leptin, C-peptide, IL-6, and IL-17, with reduction of resistin. The predominant genus in all groups was Bacillus. The chronic consumption of sweeteners increases the population of lymphocytes in the mucosa of the small intestine. Maybe, Bacillus have the ability to adapt to sweeteners regardless of the origin or nutritional contribution of the same.

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