scholarly journals THYROID DISORDERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Mohy U Din ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Rehan Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: Thyroid hormones have many effects on cardiovascular function,and deficiency or excess of thyroid hormones can result in cardiac dysfunction. Abnormalitiesof the cardiovascular system are often identified during examination of hyperthyroid andhypothyroid patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to address the effects of thyroidhormones on the cardiovascular system and the clinical relevance of the cardiovascularresponse to thyroid dysfunction. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: The studywas conducted at Allied Hospital / Punjab Medical College Faisalabad and PINUM HospitalFaisalabad. Period: October 2014 to August 2015. Materials and Methods: Total 100 patientswith thyroid disease (Hypo/hyperthyroidism) were enrolled in the study. Any patient age ≥20years, that had documented history of thyroid disease (Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) oron medications for thyroid disorder was recruited in this study. Results: Total 100 consecutivepatients with abnormal thyroid function tests who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteriawere enrolled in the study. Mean age was 47.9 ± 23.20 years. 16 % were male and 84%were female. Majority of the patients 37( 37%) were in age group 51 - 60 years. 53 % weresuffering from overt hyperthyroidism and 31 % were suffering from hypothyroidism. Subclinicalhyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was present in 7% and 9% patients respectively. Goiterwas present in 24 % patients. Atrial fibrillation was observed in 34% hyperthyroid patients.Overall 23% were diabetics and 25% had H/O hypertension. Dyslipidemia was present in20% hyperthyroid and 25% hypothyroid patients. Echocardiography was performed in 19%patients. 7% patients undergone thyroid surgery. Overall 11% patients were suffering from CCF.Pulmonary hypertension was observed in 17% hyperthyroid and 35.48% hypothyroid patients.MeanFT4 in hypothyroid patients was 1.16±022 ng/dl. Mean TSH was 10.92±21.09 (μIU/ml)in hypothyroid and 0.19±0.14 (μIU/ml) in hyperthyroid patients. Conclusions: The outcomeof this study suggests that patients with untreated overt / subclinical thyroid dysfunction are atincreased risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Tests Ordering Practice and Cost-Effectiveness in Samples Referred to International Clinical Laboratories from Addis Ababa Health Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifle Tilahun ◽  
Meaza Demissie ◽  
Tamrat Bekele ◽  
Mesfin Nigussie ◽  
Damen H/Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction accounts for majority of endocrine disorders. In sub-Saharan Africa Graves’ disease and hypothyroidism have accounted for 13.1% and 8.8% while the burden of thyroid disorder has ranged from 6.18 to47.34% among countries in the Arab world. The cost for a primary thyroid test done to evaluate the gland function constituted a large proportion of the public health budget. For instance, 10 million thyroid functions have been done each year by laboratories which cost 30 million UK pounds, and they represent 8% of laboratory charge in the US. When a TSH-only protocol (guideline) was used, 95% of the requests were sufficient for diagnosis without requiring further tests, thereby resulting in 50% savings on FT4 reagent and reducing the annual TFT reagent cost by 25%. This is an original study, and its objective was to assess the ordering pattern of TSH tests and their cost-effectiveness in patients’ samples referred to ICL from Addis Ababa health facilities between July2015 to June 2016METHOD: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was utilized to study the ordering pattern of thyroid function tests using one-year retrospective data from ICL.RESULTS: Thyroid profiles were ordered more frequently (49.5%) compared to TSH only (24.3%). An additional 2625.70 USD was paid by patients for individual components in the profile tests that turned out normal.CONCLUSION: Guidelines advocate TSH as the initial test for thyroid dysfunction, but the use of a combination of tests is more common.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in patients of chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Kuldeep K. ◽  
S. K. Virmani ◽  
Mayank Arora
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Past History ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Thyroid hormones play a very important role in regulating metabolism, development, protein synthesis, and influencing other hormone functions. CKD has been known to affect the pituitary-thyroid axis and the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. We aimed to study the thyroid dysfunction in patients of chronic kidney disease for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital and Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a 2 year period. The study group comprised 100 patients with Chronic kidney disease. Free thyroxine (fT3, fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Patients with family history of thyroid disorder or past history of any medication for thyroid disease or history of any surgery or any radiological intervention to thyroid gland were excluded from the study.Results: Of 100 CKD patients, 25 were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and 75 were euthyroid. The mean age in patients with SCH was 47.72±10.09 and in euthyroid patients was 46.11±14.332. 12 males (48%) and 13 females (52%) patients were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism and 49 male (65%), 26 female (35%) patients were euthyroid. Prevalence of SCH was 25% with a mean TSH level of 8.68± 1.84.Conclusions: We observed a high prevalence of SCH in our CKD patients. SCH is an additional risk factor in CKD patients and the present study finds thyroid dysfunction being SCH to be very common in CKD patients and reveals significant association between CKD progression and thyroid dysfunction.

A STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS FROM RURAL BACKGROUND OF EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Amit Sarkar ◽  
Amritesh Biswas ◽  
Kalyan Kumar Bhowmik ◽  
Somnath Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Infected Patient ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Thyroid Abnormalities

The national prevalence of HIV (Human Immunodeciency Virus ) infection among adults in India is estimated to be 0.22% in the year 2017 . Amongst all endocrine abnormalities , abnormal thyroid function tests are common among HIV infected patients . This study is an attempt to know the magnitude of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patient . This observational , cross sectional study was carried out on 153 adult patients attending ART centre of our institution . The gross prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patients and patterns of different thyroid abnormalities were assessed .The serum T3 , Free T4 and TSH were correlated with CD4 count and duration of HAART ( highly active anti retroviral therapy) . The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patient is found to be 30.06% . The most common thyroid disorder , subclinical hypothyroidism was found in 20.26% of the HIV infected patients . Mean CD4 cell count is positively correlated with mean serum T3 and serum free T4 and negatively correlated with mean TSH without any statistical signicance in all study population . The correlation of duration of HAART with serum T3 is signicantly negative and with serum free T4 , TSH is nonsignicantly negative . So, denitely there is more prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patients than general population . Although there is normal serum free T4 level in subclinical hypothyroid patients , the serum free T4 level decreases within the normal laboratory reference range with severity of HIV infection . The thyroid abnormalities progress further in HIV infected patients who are on HAART . We conclude that more attention to thyroid dysfunction in HIV infected patient should be paid so that timely treatment is done .

scholarly journals The Role of Thyroid Diseases and their Medications in Cardiovascular Disorders: A Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Negar Omidi ◽  
Mohammadrafie Khorgami ◽  
Farbod Z. Tajrishi ◽  
Amirhosein Seyedhoseinpour ◽  
Parichehr Pasbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Review Of The Literature

The association between thyroid disease and cardiovascular manifestations is significant and undeniable. Previous studies have explained several aspects of the effects of thyroid hormone on the heart and cardiovascular system. Accordingly, both hyper and hypothyroidism can cause important alterations in cardiac rhythm, output and contractility as well as vascular resistance and blood pressure. Since treating the thyroid abnormality, especially in its initial stages, could lead to a significant improvement in most of its resultant cardiovascular disturbances, early suspicion and recognition of thyroid dysfunction, is necessary in patients with cardiovascular manifestations. In this in-depth review, we discuss the physiological roles as well as the effects of abnormal levels of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system. We also review the effects of the medications used for the treatment of hyper and hypothyroidism on cardiac function. In the end, we discuss the association between thyroid function and amiodarone, an effective and frequently-used antiarrhythmic drug, because of its well-known effects on the thyroid.

scholarly journals Management of thyroid disease in pregnancy – Room for improvement in the first trimester

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Philip Robinson ◽  
Michael D’Emden ◽  
Kassam Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background First-trimester care of maternal thyroid dysfunction has previously been shown to be poor. This study evaluates early management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy in Australia. Methods Patients reviewed by the Obstetric Medicine team for thyroid dysfunction from 1 January 2012 to 30 June 2013 were included. Data were collected on gestation at referral from the patient’s general practitioner to the antenatal clinic, information provided in the referral letter, thyroid function tests and thyroid medications. Results Eighty-five women were included in the study. At the time of general practitioner referral to antenatal services, 19% of women with preexisting thyroid disease had no thyroid function tested. Forty-three percent had an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone defined as being outside the laboratory-specific pregnancy reference range if available, or outside the level of 0.1–2.5 mIu/L in the first trimester, 0.2–3.0 mIu/L in the second trimester and 0.3–3.0 mIu/L in the third trimester. Only 21% of women increased their thyroxine dose prior to their first antenatal clinic review. Conclusion This study highlights that a significant proportion of women with known thyroid disease either have untested thyroid function in the first trimester or a thyroid-stimulating hormone outside of levels recommended by guidelines.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its effects on fetomaternal outcome in pregnant women of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4379
Author(s):  
Ankita Kumari ◽  
Reena Srivastav ◽  
Shaila Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Background: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy and its impact on obstetrical outcome in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.Methods: This was a prospective observational study undertaken at antenatal clinics and indoor of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur. Total 720 antenatal women, ≤20 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study. In all patients’ routine obstetrical investigations and thyroid function tests were done. All patients were followed up to delivery. Maternal and perinatal outcome were ascertained.Results: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant was found to be 21.1% and subclinical hypothyroidism (15.9%) was the commonest thyroid disorder. Most common complication observed in subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was preeclampsia (9.56 % versus 20%) followed by preterm labour (7.82% versus 10%). Major fetal complications in hypothyroid mothers included intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and stillbirth.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be high in our study and was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes; hence, thyroid screening should be included in routine antenatal investigations.

scholarly journals Drug utilization in treatment of thyroid disorders during pregnancy in Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Olga Horvat ◽  
Zdenko Tomic ◽  
Vesna Mijatovic ◽  
Ana Sabo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Novi Sad

Introduction. Depleted uranium radiation and pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls resulting from bombings the territories of Serbia as well as the additional long-term stress may have affected the function of thyroid gland. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of drug utilization in the treatment of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy in Novi Sad. Material and Methods. Women who had given birth at the Department of Gynecology in 1989, 1999, 2007 and 2011 were interviewed during a one-month period about thyroid diseases in the pregnancy as well as the drugs they had taken. Results. Not a single pregnant woman was reported to have a thyroid disorder in 1989 and 1999, while in 2007 four women were reported to have a thyroid dysfunction. In 2011, fourteen out of 18 women with thyroid dysfunction were using levothyroxine and in most cases hypothyroidism was diagnosed as autoimmune Hashimoto thyroiditis. Conclusion. The study results suggest the necessity of performing more detailed analyses of the correlation between the frequency of the thyroid gland dysfunction and the effects of environmental pollution in Serbia.

scholarly journals Thyroid dysfunction in preeclampsia and related fetomaternal outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1928
Author(s):  
Puja Banik ◽  
R. K. Praneshwari Devi ◽  
Aheibam Bidya ◽  
Akoijam Tamphasana ◽  
M. Agalya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Changes in thyroid function in normal pregnancy are well-documented but in complicated pregnancy like preeclampsia, very little is known. Studies have shown evidences of hypothyroidism in preeclampsia necessitating thyroid function tests to be done in preeclampsia. The study was done to analyze the fetomaternal outcome of preeclampsia with coexisting thyroid dysfunction.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was done over 18 months on 95 preeclamptic patients admitted at the antenatal ward and fetomaternal outcomes were analyzed according to thyroid status.Results: Out of 95 patients with preeclampsia, 42 (44.2%) had thyroid dysfunction. Among these 42 patients, 37 (38.9%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 4 (4.2%) had overt hypothyroidism and 1 (1%) had hyperthyroidism. Severe preeclampsia was seen in 64.3% of the patients with thyroid dysfunction compared with 39.6% in euthyroid patients. The mean thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher and means free thyroxine (fT4) level was significantly lower in severe preeclampsia compared with non-severe preeclampsia. Complications like abruption, intrauterine fetal death (IUD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), oligohydramnios, preterm deliveries, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), low birth weight babies, birth asphyxia in babies and subsequent neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were significantly higher (p <0.05) in the preeclampsia patients with thyroid dysfunction in comparison with euthyroid ones.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism may be a modifiable risk factor for preeclampsia. Thyroid screening early in pregnancy may be helpful in predicting the occurrence of preeclampsia and timely thyroid hormone administration can reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia.

Thyroid dysfunction in chronic schizophrenia in albania

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1515-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Themeli ◽  
I. Aliko ◽  
A. Hashorva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Function Tests

BackgroundThyroid dysfunction is relatively common in patients with schizophrenia.This study seeks to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid antibodies presence in a group of adult psychiatric inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.MethodsThyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies measurement were performed on 88 patients hospitalized in Psichiatric Clinic of UHC “Mother Teresa” from december 2006 to december 2007.55 of them (62,5%) were females and 33 of them (37,5%) males. A median age of 43 years (range16 to 70 years) and a median duration of hospitalization of 10 years (range 1 to 30 years) was assessed.ResultsTAb were found in 22 patients (25%), of which 18 females and 4 males. 16% of them resulted with positive anticorps for Hashimoto Thyroiditis; 9% for Graves‘disease.According to thyroid function tests70% had normal test, 8% had elevated TSH: 3% of them with low thyroid hormones and 5% with normal thyroid hormones. 20% of cases had low TSH: 5% of them with high level of thyroid hormones, 15% with normal thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism was more frequent in elderly patients ( > 60 years old), and in those treated with Risperidone. Most of cases (73%) with thyroid disorders resulted from endemic geographic areas. 37% of them mentioned familial history for thyroid pathology, and 23% for diabetes mellitus type 1.ConclusionThyroid abnormalities are common in patients with chronic schizophrenia.This fact call for caution in the use and interpretation of thyroid function tests in these patients.

scholarly journals DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daulat Meena ◽  
Ramavatar Bairwa
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Background: Thyroid hormones have profound metabolic effects, the most striking action being an increase in energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism; and thyroid dysfunctions can result in lipid abnormalities which increase the risk of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results- The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: We conclude that, dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL.

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