scholarly journals Recent progress on detecting understanding and controlling Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae a short review

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Epiphytic Survival ◽  
Made In

In the last few years the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) has become a global pathogen of economic importance Since the beginning of this global outbreak many laboratories in the world have been working on Psa Today it is known that Psa is not a homogeneous pathovar and tools that allow the distinction between biovars (subpathovar classification) have been developed The whole genome sequence of several strains of Psa has now been published Some of the assumptions on the life cycle (ports of entry epiphytic survival etc) made in the early days of the outbreak have now been confirmed Although few new methods have been found to control Psa there is now a better understanding of how to reduce the incidence of this disease This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the pathogen the disease and how to control it

scholarly journals Animating and exploring phylogenies with fibre plots

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
William D. Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Made In

Despite the progress that has been made in the visualisation of information since Haeckel's time, phylogenetic visualisation has moved forward remarkably little. In this brief essay, I give a short review of what I consider to be some recent major advances, and outline a new kind of phylogenetic visualisation. This new graphic, the fibre plot, uses the metaphor of sections through a tree to describe change in a phylogeny. As an animation, I suggest it is a powerful method to help interpret large phylogenetic hypotheses, although snapshots of it can also be displayed. As we enter the Anthropocene, I argue there has never been a greater need to know humanity's true place in the world, as depicted in the tree of life.

scholarly journals White Dwarf Evolution in Real Time: What Pulsating White Dwarfs Teach us About Stellar Evolution

1989 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Kawaler ◽  
Carl J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Stellar Evolution ◽  
White Dwarf ◽  
White Dwarfs ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Observational Constraints ◽  
Made In

The variable white dwarfs repeatedly force theory to conform to their observed properties so that further progress can be made in understanding the structure and evolution of all white dwarfs. We use the term “understanding” in a loose sense here because, as we will show, both observational constraints and interpretation of the observations vis-à-vis theory contribute to uncertainties in our understanding at this time. In any case, recent progress in this field (sometimes called white dwarf seismology) has provided some fascinating insights into the evolutionary and structural properties of white dwarfs and their progenitors. This short review is our attempt to describe recent progress made in the interaction of theory with observations.

scholarly journals New Methods for Reducing the Problems of Photovoltaic Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Sobhan Dorahaki
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

Increasing of demand in the energy sphere and also unprecedented proliferation of environmental pollutants in the air has pushed human toward the using of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems. Unfortunately, despite all the efforts made, in the field of photovoltaic systems, still the usability of this clean and renewable source is skeptical in the world. This paper examines some basic problems of photovoltaic systems and discusses a few new approaches to reduce some problems of photovoltaic systems. The proposed approaches have capabilities and difficulties which are investigated in this study.

scholarly journals Adhesins in Human Fungal Pathogens: Glue with Plenty of Stick

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet W. J. de Groot ◽  
Oliver Bader ◽  
Albert D. de Boer ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
Neeraj Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the pathogenesis of an infectious disease is critical for developing new methods to prevent infection and diagnose or cure disease. Adherence of microorganisms to host tissue is a prerequisite for tissue invasion and infection. Fungal cell wall adhesins involved in adherence to host tissue or abiotic medical devices are critical for colonization leading to invasion and damage of host tissue. Here, with a main focus on pathogenicCandidaspecies, we summarize recent progress made in the field of adhesins in human fungal pathogens and underscore the importance of these proteins in establishment of fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Animating and exploring phylogenies with fibre plots

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
William D. Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Made In

Despite the progress that has been made in the visualisation of information since Haeckel's time, phylogenetic visualisation has moved forward remarkably little. In this brief essay, I give a short review of what I consider to be some recent major advances, and outline a new kind of phylogenetic visualisation. This new graphic, the fibre plot, uses the metaphor of sections through a tree to describe change in a phylogeny. As an animation, I suggest it is a powerful method to help interpret large phylogenetic hypotheses, although snapshots of it can also be displayed. As we enter the Anthropocene, I argue there has never been a greater need to know humanity's true place in the world, as depicted in the tree of life.

Quantitative History and People’s History: Two Methods in Conflict?

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Roderick Floud
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Reasonable Expectation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technological Obsolescence ◽  
Made In

It was fashionable some years ago for historians to speak of the quantitative revolution in their subject and to look forward, either with hope or with foreboding, to the day when history, like geography, sociology, and other social sciences before it, would be dominated by practitioners skilled in quantitative methods. New questions would be asked, new methods used, new sources exploited, and new discoveries made. In the process, those historians without training in quantitative methods would be swept from the battlegrounds of the subject. They would be forced to retreat either into the antiquarianism within which many quantitative historians, privately, located them or they would be forced to undergo a painful process of retooling in a struggle to avoid technological obsolescence. It was a reasonable expectation in those days that a statistical training would become as essential to a historian as a training in foreign languages or experience in burrowing for sources in the record office: As Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie put it in 1968, by the 1980s “the historian will be a programmer or he will be nothing” (Le Roy Ladurie, 1968). As a result, quantitative historians gathering in the early 1970s thought that the quantitative revolution would be largely complete as the world entered the 1980s.

scholarly journals Bacterial Canker of Sweet Cherry in Oregon—Infection of Horticultural and Natural Wounds, and Resistance of Cultivar and Rootstock Combinations

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Spotts ◽  
Kelly M. Wallis ◽  
Maryna Serdani ◽  
Anita N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Injuries And Wounds ◽  
Made In

This study was done to (i) compare seven types of natural or horticultural injuries and wounds for incidence, severity, and mortality of infection of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae; (ii) determine the relative resistance to bacterial canker of 14 cultivar–rootstock combinations; (iii) determine if P. syringae pv. syringae is transmitted by contaminated pruning tools; and (iv) determine if summer and winter pruning cuts become resistant to infection. Infection occurred at all of the seven types of injury and wound sites on both cvs. Sunset Bing and Golden Heart. Infection of inoculated wounds made in spring and summer (heading cuts when trees were planted, scoring cuts, and summer pruning) resulted in the greatest canker incidence and severity. Inoculation of heading cuts resulted in the highest tree mortality (86%). ‘Bing’ and ‘Sweetheart’ were the most susceptible cultivars while ‘Regina’ and ‘Rainier’ appeared to be more resistant. Bing trees had the highest mortality of any cultivar with 70% dead at the end of the 3-year study. Canker severity of the three rootstocks varied considerably but mortality was greatest for trees on Gisela 6 (77%). Bacterial canker was not transmitted in summer or winter by cutting through active cankers, then immediately using the same pruning tool to make heading cuts on healthy trees. Heading cuts became resistant to infection after about 1 week in summer and 3 weeks in winter. Results are discussed as part of an integrated management program for bacterial canker of sweet cherry.

Distribution of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) and Russian Knapweed (Centaurea repens)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Maddox ◽  
Aubrey Mayfield ◽  
Noah H. Poritz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Yellow Starthistle ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Centaurea Repens ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The world distributions of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L. ♯ CENSO) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens L. ♯ CENRE) are mapped based on information from world regional floras. A survey of weed specialists and herbaria was made in the United States, and the extent of the infestations and economic importance of these weeds was determined for the 48 contiguous states. Yellow starthistle currently occurs in 209 counties in 23 states and has apparently increased in abundance since 1970. Russian knapweed was reported in 412 counties in 21 states and does not seem to be spreading. Both of these weedy plant species are of greater economic importance in the western United States than in the east.

Seasonal variation in susceptibility of apricot to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker), and site of infection in apricot and cherry

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
DLS Wimalajeewa
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

The seasonal variation in susceptibility of buds, stems, leaves and fruit of apricot to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and sites through which infection occurs in apricot and cherry were studied. Infection of apricot and cherry occurred through buds, flowers, leaves, fruit and stems but not leaf scars through which natural infection can occur. Only stem and bud inoculations consistently led to the establishment of cankers. The proportion of buds showing infection was highest with inoculations made in late autumn and winter (May-July), and lowest with inoculations in summer (December-February). The number of stem inoculations, resulting in extensive cankers, was highest in late winter and spring (August-November) and lowest in summer and early autumn (December- March). Leaves and fruit were susceptible only during spring (September-November), when they were immature. The importance of these findings in relation to epidemiology and control of bacterial canker is discussed.

scholarly journals RNAi technology for plant protection and its application in wheat

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Liu ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Aili Li ◽  
Yingbo Mao ◽  
Long Mao
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Rnai Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe RNAi technology takes advantage of the intrinsic RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism that exists in nearly all eukaryotes in which target mRNAs are degraded or functionally suppressed. Significant progress has been made in recent years where RNAi technology is applied to several crops and economic plants for protection against diseases like fungi, pests, and nematode. RNAi technology is also applied in controlling pathogen damages in wheat, one of the most important crops in the world. In this review, we first give a brief introduction of the RNAi technology and the underneath mechanism. We then review the recent progress of its utilization in crops, particular wheat. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and prospect future development of this technology in crop protection.

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