scholarly journals Herbicide responses of matforming weeds of forest remnants in New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
C.A. Dowsett
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis

Tradescantia fluminensis Plectranthus ciliatus Asparagus scandens Hedera helix Lamium galeobdolon and Selaginella kraussiana are all matforming invasive species that limit regeneration of native plants in forest remnants in New Zealand Experiments using potted specimens of these weeds showed that low rates (338675 g/ha) of the herbicide triclopyr gave >90 defoliation of T fluminensis A scandens and L galeobdolon but a higher rate of 1350 g/ha only gave 85 defoliation of H helix Diquat gave 85 defoliation of P ciliatus Aminopyralid was effective against S kraussiana but was very slow acting These experiments have identified herbicides and application rates for effective forest weed management to facilitate native plant regeneration in New Zealand temperate forests

scholarly journals Native plant and weed diversity in forest remnants affected by Tradescantia fluminensis management

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
C.S. Lusk ◽  
G.A. Hurrell ◽  
S.L. Lamoureaux
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Plant Seedlings

This study aimed to determine the effects of different management practices for Tradescantia fluminensis in lowland podocarp/broadleaf forest remnants in the lower North Island Fourteen 50 m line transects across eight sites were established in April 2009 and assessed annually until 2012 Management practices prior to and during the study period were documented Over the four assessments changes in the numbers of native plant seedlings and species differed greatly between management practices as did the percent cover of Tradescantia and other weeds Native species diversity improved more and the abundance of Tradescantia and other weeds increased less in forests that were less disturbed and where careful ongoing control was carried out than in forests with more disturbance prior to or during control operations Effective monitoring of both weeds and native plants is essential to enable the outcome of weed management practices to be measured

scholarly journals Herbicide selection for wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) control

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Hurrell ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
C.S. Lusk ◽  
M. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Chemical Groups

Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis) prevents the regeneration of native forests in New Zealand The herbicide triclopyr effectively controls this weed but is damaging to many native plant species To identify alternative herbicides 16 active ingredients representing eight chemical groups were applied to containergrown wandering Jew plants of various ages in three experiments In Experiment 1 triclopyr killed all plants (3 months old) while amitrole caused substantial damage to plants In Experiment 2 amitrole terbuthylazine metsulfuronmethyl and triclopyr provided excellent control of 2 month old plants In Experiment 3 on 4 monthold plants wandering Jew was highly susceptible to triclopyr metsulfuronmethyl fluroxypyr glyphosate fluroxypyr metsulfuronmethyl triclopyr and picloram triclopyr These herbicides were evaluated in a subsequent field trial and all except metsulfuronmethyl gave similar levels of control to Experiment 3 Further investigation of these chemicals is required to determine their optimal use rates and safety for native plants

Interactions between invasive plants and heavy metal stresses: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zhanrui Leng ◽  
Yueming Wu ◽  
Yizhou Du ◽  
Zhicong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities, including invasive species. Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species. Thus, the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants, invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors. Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that a) the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous, b) the size of the impact was variable, and c) the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type. However, invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs. On the other hand, HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMS together with the “escape behavior” of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution. However, there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions. A quantitative research comparing plant, litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.

Now that we have our pest-proof fence, are we safe or trapped?

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Parks ◽  
Kyle Clifton ◽  
Lauren Best ◽  
Bridget Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Free Status

PEST-PROOF (exclusion) fences are designed to prevent non-native, predatory and pest species from repopulating an area set aside to protect vulnerable native plant and animal species. Pest-proof fencing provides security from invasive species, but can isolate the native species enclosed within. On one hand, some rare native species exist on the mainland due to the pest-free status achieved through the use of exclusion fences. On the other hand, these reintroduced populations are now isolated a situation where they would not be found naturally (Jamieson et al. 2006). Exclusion fences must be constantly maintained or the sanctuary risks reinvasion. An important question for conservation biologists and managers to answer is therefore — when is exclusion fencing the best option for protecting native species from introduced pests? We have drawn our examples from New Zealand and Australia where progress has been made with regard to the design and utilization of exclusion fences.

scholarly journals Allelopathy is pervasive in invasive plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kalisz ◽  
Stephanie N. Kivlin ◽  
Lalasia Bialic-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds

Abstract Invasive species utilize a wide array of trait strategies to establish in novel ecosystems. Among these traits is the capacity to produce allelopathic compounds that can directly inhibit neighboring native plants or indirectly suppress native plants via disruption of beneficial belowground microbial mutualisms, or altered soil resources. Despite the well-known prevalence of allelopathy among plant taxa, the pervasiveness of allelopathy among invasive plants is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the majority of the 524 invasive plant species in our database produce allelochemicals with the potential to negatively affect native plant performance. Moreover, allelopathy is widespread across the plant phylogeny, suggesting that allelopathy could have a large impact on native species across the globe. Allelopathic impacts of invasive species are often thought to be present in only a few plant clades (e.g., Brassicaceae). Yet our analysis shows that allelopathy is present in 72% of the 113 plant families surveyed, suggesting that this ubiquitous mechanism of invasion deserves more attention as invasion rates increase across the globe.

scholarly journals Effect of Manual Ivy Removal on Seedling Recruitment in Forest Park, Portland, OR

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelin Stanley ◽  
David Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Manual Removal ◽  
And Control

English and Irish ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) are invasive lianas which have become especially intrusive in the Pacific Northwest, as evidenced by their invasion of many areas in Forest Park, Portland, OR. The most common strategy for ivy control is currently manual removal, though the potential consequences of this method have not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual ivy removal with respect to its influence on native plant diversity, abundance, species richness, and evenness by comparing these parameters in 1-m2 plots manually cleared of ivy to paired control plots. Prior to plot establishment, evidence of deer herbivory of ivy was observed at this site. Four weeks after manual removal, treated plots were less diverse and hosted a lower abundance of native plants than control plots. Ten weeks after ivy removal, treated and control plots were equally diverse, and treated plots showed greater abundance of plant cover than controls. This trend persisted at twenty-six weeks after treatment. Treated and control plots were not significantly different in species richness or evenness at any time. These results suggest that manual ivy removal temporarily disturbs native plant life, but the negative effects are overcome as quickly as ten weeks after treatment, at which time native plants are more successful. Manual removal as a method to control ivy in this region appears effective within one growing season. KEYWORDS: English Ivy, Irish Ivy, Invasive Species, Pacific Northwest, Forest Park, Hedera helix, Hedera hibernica

scholarly journals Assessing vulnerability and resistance to plant invasions A native community perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Inés Ibáñez ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Laís Petri ◽  
Sam Schaffer-Morrison ◽  
Sheila Schueller
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Enemy Release ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Risk assessments of biological invasions rarely account for native species performance and community features, but this assessment could provide additional insights for management aimed at decreasing vulnerability or increasing resistance of a plant community to invasions. To gather information on the drivers of native plant communities’ vulnerability and resistance to invasion, we conducted a literature search and meta-analysis. From the data collected we compared native and invasive plant performance between sites with high and low levels of invasion. We then investigated under which conditions native performance increased, decreased, or did not change with respect to invasive plants. We analyzed data from 214 publications summing to 506 observations. There were six main drivers of vulnerability to invasion: disturbance, decrease in resources, increase in resources, lack of biotic resistance, lack of natural enemies, and differences in propagule availability between native and invasive species. The two mechanisms of vulnerability to invasion associated with a strong decline in native plant performance were propagule availability and lack of biotic resistance. Native plants marginally benefited from enemy release and from decreases in resources, while invasive plants strongly benefited from both increased resources and lack of enemies. Fluctuation of resources, decreases and increases, were strongly associated with higher invasive performance while native plants varied in their response. These differences were particularly strong in instances of decreasing water or nutrients, and of increasing light and nutrients. We found overall neutral to positive responses of native plant communities to disturbance; but natives were outperformed by invasive species when disturbance was caused by human activities. We identified ecosystem features associated with both vulnerability and resistance to invasion, then used our results to inform management aimed at protecting the native community.

scholarly journals Garden Profile: Auckland Botanic Gardens

2014 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Jack Hobbs ◽  
Rebecca Stanley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Plant Collections

Auckland Botanic Gardens is a relatively young botanic garden that opened in 1982 and covers 64 hectares in Manurewa, South Auckland. The plant collections include both exotic and New Zealand (NZ) native plants. The native plant collections are described and illustrated. The use of native plants for environmental and ecological enhancement is also explained.

scholarly journals Increase in nutrient availability promotes success of invasive plants through increasing growth and decreasing anti-herbivory defenses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Shan ◽  
Ayub M.O. Oduor ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Yanjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Simulated Herbivory ◽  
Native Plant Species

Invasive plant species often exhibit greater growth and lower anti-herbivory defense than native plant species. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may interact with competition from resident native plants to affect growth and defense of invasive plants. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive and native plant species under two levels of nutrient availability (low vs. high) that were fully crossed with simulated herbivory (clipping vs. no-clipping) and competition (alone vs. competition). Invasive plants produced more gibberellic acid, and grew larger than native species. Nutrient enrichment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive plants than of native plants, especially in the absence of competition or without simulated herbivory treatment. Nutrient enrichment decreased leaf flavonoid contents of invasive plants under both simulated herbivory conditions, but increased flavonoid of native plants under simulated herbivory condition. Nutrient enrichment only decreased tannins production of invasive species under competition. For native species, it enhanced their tannins production under competition, but decreased the chemicals when growing alone. The results indicate that the higher biomass production and lower flavonoids production in response to nutrient addition may lead to competitive advantage of invasive species than native species.

scholarly journals Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
G.A. Hurrell ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
S.L. Lamoureaux ◽  
C.S. Lusk ◽  
M.R. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Indigenous Forest

Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell) is a common weed in canopydepleted indigenous forest remnants in New Zealand In this study triclopyr was applied to dense stands of wandering Jew at a range of rates in each of two experiments (Diamond Harbour in the South Island and Te Pahu in the North Island) to determine its effects on the weed and subsequent regrowth The cover of wandering Jew was initially reduced by 80100 with herbicide application At about 1 year after application of the herbicide the wandering Jew had regrown to about 350 cover depending on the rate of triclopyr applied and some indigenous seedlings had begun to appear However the survival of these seedlings was minimal

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