INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

scholarly journals Improvement of forage lands in Central Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia by using some integrated approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vasilievich Aldoshin ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Vasiliev ◽  
Andrey Vasilievich Kudryavtsev ◽  
Anton Sergeevich Firsov ◽  
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Golubev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Integrated Approaches ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

In an activity system aimed at creation of high-quality fodder base for animal agriculture, crop science plays the main role. It facilitates the increase in the productivity of forage crops, which guarantees the relevance of efficiency studies and the developed technologies for improving forage lands. The research was aimed at studying the impact of integrated approaches to improving forage lands in the Central Non-Black Earth Zone. The objectives of the research were as follows: to present a methodology for monitoring agricultural fields for the subsequent improvement of forage lands; to develop an efficient technology for improving forage lands using modern mechanization means; to study the productivity of different grass mixtures when implementing various options for soil cultivation. Based on the results of three years of theoretical and experimental research, a technological scheme for fodder land improvement (including technical processes) was compiled: monitoring of fields, preparation of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers, preparation and tuning of machine-tractor aggregates, assessment of the yield of two-time grass cutting and secondary monitoring of fields. The proposed technology included several levelling technological operations (including levelling of hillocks), operations for the preparation of the seedbed and the seed material in the form of grass mixtures and mineral fertilizers and subsequent strip sowing. It has been established that when improving fodder lands as well as the quality of soil preparation, the prevalence of milling created more favorable conditions for increasing productivity of perennial grasses compared to disking.

Perennial sowthistle control with sequential herbicide treatments applied under minimum and zero tillage systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Darwent ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
G. W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) control under minimum and zero tillage systems, and following several sequential in-crop herbicide treatments applied in a crop rotation of canola (Brassica rapa L.) followed by 3 yr of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), was evaluated in two field experiments near Grande Prairie, Alberta. Under zero tillage, in-crop applications of clopyralid at 0.1 to 0.3 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 to canola, followed by annual in-crop applications of clopyralid at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1 plus MCPA at 0.42 kg a.i ha−1 to barley in the next 2 yr, reduced perennial sowthistle from a mean initial density of 3.9 shoots m−2 to ≤0.5 shoots m−2 in the fourth year. Glyphosate at 0.45 kg acid equivalent (a.e.) ha−1 plus dicamba at 0.14 kg a.i. ha−1 was applied annually before seeding barley in these plots. In the second experiment, the same herbicide treatments, except for an additional preseeding application of glyphosate at 0.9 kg a.e. ha−1 in the first year, reduced perennial sowthistle density from 9.2 shoots m−2 to ≤0.1 shoots m−2 Increasing the rate of clopyralid in the first year resulted in decreases in perennial sowthistle density in the second and third years following application but not in the fourth year. In unweeded zero tillage check plots of the two experiments, perennial sowthistle increased to 41.8 and 36.0 shoots m–2, respectively, over the same period. Applying metsulfuron at 0.0045 kg a.i. ha–1 in the second year and dicamba plus the potassium salt of MCPA (1:4) at 0.54 kg a.i. ha−1 in the third year, in place of clopyralid plus MCPA, produced similar reductions in perennial sowthistle density. Under minimum tillage, where tillage was limited to a single preseeding discing before seeding and a single mid-to-late October deep tillage cultivation, reductions in perennial sowthistle density following in-crop applications of clopyralid in the first year and clopyralid plus MCPA in the next 2 yr were similar to those following application of the same in-crop herbicides under zero tillage. However, in minimum tillage plots where metsulfuron and dicamba plus MCPA were applied in the second and third years, perennial sowthistle density was not reduced or declined at a slower rate than in other sprayed plots. Canola and barley yields increased as a result of reductions in perennial sowthistle density. Key words: Perennial sowthistle, Sonchus arvensis L., tillage, clopyralid, metsulfuron, dicamba

scholarly journals Effect of Different Mineral Fertilizers on Quality of Turmeric and Soil Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9437
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Khurshid Sulaymanov ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Saad H. Alotaibi ◽  
Yuriy Enakiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
P Content ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different mineral fertilizers on mineral contents in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzyme activities and soil properties under field conditions in Uzbekistan. The present study is the first report on the impact of mineral fertilizers in turmeric rhizomes and soil enzymes and soil properties in Uzbekistan. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—N75P50K50 kg/ha, T3–N125P100K100 kg/ha, and T4—N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha. Turmeric rhizomes and soil samples were collected from field experiments at the Surkhandarya scientific experimental station of the vegetable, melon crops and potato research institute, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan. The data showed that T3—the NPK (125:100:100 kg/ha) and T4—the NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatments significantly enhanced K content by 27–21%, Ca content by 43–38%, and P content by 54–17% in turmeric rhizomes as compared to control without fertilizer. A maximum of turmeric rhizome microelements content was recorded with T4, which also resulted in improved Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Mo contents in turmeric rhizomes and mineral contents of soil compared to other treatments. This treatment significantly enhanced active P content by 34%, active K content by 25%, total P content by 62%, total K content by 14%, and the activities of soil urease, invertase, catalase, and phosphatase over those in the control. The present study results suggest that the application of NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) improves macro and micronutrient contents in turmeric rhizomes and activities of soil enzymes and physicochemical properties of soil.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Joint Application of Mineral and Organic Fertilizers on the Development and Productivity of Corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
R. Haydarova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
The Impact

The role of macro– and micronutrients for corn plants is great. They increase the intensity of photosynthesis, participate in biological processes. The work is devoted to the development of science–based methods for increasing the yield and quality of corn. Field experiments were conducted in the northwestern zone of Azerbaijan. Test sites were laid in 4-fold repetition, in 6 versions. Used: ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate, potassium sulfate, manure, compost of various waste products. All agricultural activities were carried out according to the developed technology. Before ploughing, the entire rate of manure, phosphorus and potassium was introduced, in early spring before tillage. As a result, it was revealed that with the introduction of 20 t/ha of compost — the yield of corn was 85.1 c/ha, i.e. an increase of 15.9 c/ha. It can be concluded that mineral fertilizers in combination with manure in the proportions chosen by the authors effectively affect not only the growth and development of plants, corn productivity also increases.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST.) SEEDLINGS GROWTH

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martynas KEMESIUS ◽  
Gerda SILINGIENE ◽  
Regina VASINAUSKIENE ◽  
Remigijus ZALKAUSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
The Impact

The usage of biodegradable waste as sewage sludge in a proper way for tree nurseries enable to seek for ecological, waste-less, alternative to mineral fertilization farming ways. The aim of this research is to investigate impact of sewage sludge fertilizers on Norway spruce (Picea abies) two years’ seedlings growth. Research has been done in 2013-2014 at Utena State Forest Enterprise nursery. The different fertilization rates (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t/ha) of sewage sludge were investigated and compared with control – traditional fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The impact of sewage sludge was evaluated by seedlings biometric indicators, also dry mass of sample seedlings (medium seedlings by height and diameter). The bigger rates of sewage sludge showed almost better results in exception of seeds outlet. Sewage sludge has long lasting effect on seedlings growth and could successfully shift soil fertilization by mineral fertilizers. The obtained research results confirm the similar research carried out in 2011 in Rokiskis State Forest Enterprise nursery for first year Norway Spruce seedlings.

SOIL PREPARATION, HERBICIDES, AND SEEDING DATES FOR BARLEY PRODUCTION

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BARNETT ◽  
R. RIOUX ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
No Till ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Tillage Methods

Soil preparation methods in combination with herbicides for broadleaf weed control were evaluated for barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Champlain’) production on a Kamouraska clay and on a St. André gravelly loam near La Pocatière over 2 yr. No-till was applied only in the first year because this method produced low yields when compared to conventional soil preparation (fall-plow, spring-harrow). Fall-prepared soils produced yields equivalent to conventional methods when seeded early but yields decreased as seeding was delayed. Spring harrowing of fall-prepared soils was necessary to sustain yields as seeding was delayed. This was because weeds increased with delayed seeding on no-till and fall-prepared soils. Tillage methods produced greater differences in weed numbers than did herbicides. Yield and kernel size and density decreased with delayed seeding. No-till soils were wetter and colder at the surface than were tilled soils. Fall-prepared soils tended to be wetter with depth than no-till or spring-tilled soils.Key words: Soil preparation, herbicides, seeding date, Hordeum vulgare, barley

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DRIP IRRIGATION WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AND WATER QUALITY ON SOIL ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S. V. Riabkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Available N ◽  
The Impact

Management practices to improve irrigated soil ecological functions is important for landscapes supporting plant growth and establishment; however, the science-based knowledge on the impact of variable fertilization and water quality under drip irrigation to evaluate soil ecological functions is lacking in Ukraine. The goal of our research was to evaluate the impact of drip irrigation using diverse fertilization and water quality on the ecological functions of loamy textured Southern Chernozems for sustainable management of apple orchards at two different locations in Southern Ukraine. Field experiments were established in 2009 by applying diverse fertilizer sources – organo-mineral (at 9 dm3/ha), mineral (at N120 P30-90K75-120) and organic (at 7 dm3/ha) under drip irrigation with different water quality (suitable vs. partially suitable – I & II categories) to maintain 75-80% field moisture capacity to a 60 cm depth. Based on field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-comparative research methods, selected chemical, physical, and physicochemical soil properties in the wetting zone, at the boundary of the wetting zone, and in the irrigated rows were determined. Results have shown that fertilizer sources especially mineral fertilization exerted most pronounced effects on soil functions than that of the water quality. A higher amount nitrogen (N) was available from the mineral fertilizer, as compared to organic- and integrated sources, to by the growing apple trees. A significant decrease in easily hydrolyzed N content in the soil was observed during the spring-summer seasons, when the N uptake by roots was maximum to support for healthy apple orchard establishments. Moreover, post-applied mineral N was adequately utilized by the apple trees with a significant reduction in available N leaching into the deeper soils. The available potassium and phosphorus contents in the soil had increased gradually after three years of fertilization and the application of mineral fertilizers with partially suitable water (II category) using for drip irrigation had the highest synergistic impact. Stable acidification of the soil with variable water quality was highest under mineral fertilization than that of other fertilizing inputs. Soil absorption complex (with exchangeable cations) in the wetting zone significantly differed as compared to the irrigated rows due to significant changes in the absorbed calcium, sodium and magnesium concentrations. With soil structural heterogeneity in terms of agronomically important aggregates, the wetting zone soil aggregates were slightly dispersed within 10 cm depth but stable up to 50 cm depth. Based on our research, it is concluded that drip irrigation with diverse water quality significantly improved soil ecological functions under mineral fertilization to support for the growth and development of apple orchards

Nitrogen release during decomposition of crop residues under conventional and zero tillage

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Z. Lupwayi ◽  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
T. K. Turkington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Litter Bag

The litter-bag method was used in field experiments to determine nitrogen (N) loss patterns from decomposing red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure (GM), field pea (Pisum sativum), canola (Brassica rapa) and monoculture wheat (Triticum aestivum) residues under conventional and zero tillage. Nitrogen contained in crop residues ranged from 10 kg ha-1 in wheat under both tillage systems to 115 kg ha-1 in clover GM under zero tillage. The patterns of N loss (i.e., release), particularly from GM residues, over 52-wk periods varied with tillage, i.e., residues lost N more rapidly under conventional tillage than under zero tillage in the first 5 to 10 wk after residue placement. Net N immobilization was sometimes observed, particularly under zero tillage. Where net N release occurred, it ranged from 22% of wheat N under conventional tillage to 71% for clover N under conventional tillage; it was positively correlated with residue N concentration and microbial activity, and negatively correlated with C:N and lignin:N ratios in one study period. The amounts of N released were 2 kg ha-1 from wheat, 10 to 25 kg ha-1 from canola, 4 to 18 kg ha-1 from pea, and 46 to 69 kg ha-1 from GM residues. Therefore, when grain is harvested, the remaining crop residues do not release much N to the soil in the first year of decomposition, but the N stored in soil is presumably released in subsequent years. Key words: Crop residues, crop rotation, N mineralization, organic soil amendments

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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