scholarly journals Environmental Performance of Thermosyphonic Domestic Solar Hot Water Systems under Different Climatic Conditions: A Case Study for Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
System Characteristics ◽  
Of Greece

Undoubtedly, sun is the cleanest energy source. Specific systems are needed however for the collection and transformation of solar energy and the manufacturing processes of such systems, as well as the production of the raw materials required, are associated with impacts to the environment. As a result, the life cycle environmental impact of solar systems depends on the type and the size of the systems. System characteristics and also the climate of the installation area, affect the substituted conventional energy (solar coverage). In this paper, the net environmental gain of flat plate thermosyphonic solar systems for domestic use is determined, accounting for the household size (different collector sizes) and the installation area (different solar coverage and transportation distance) for the major cities of Greece. Calculations are based on the “Eco-Indicator ‘99” methodology and database and it is proved that substituting electricity with solar energy is always environmentally beneficial for systems installed in all major cities of Greece.

RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION FOR HOT WATER SUPPLY AND HEATING OF BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Yu. Selikhov ◽  
K. Gorbunov ◽  
V. Stasov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is widely used in solar systems, where economy and ecology are combined. Namely, this represents an important moment in the era of depletion of energy resources. The use of solar energy is a promising economical item for all countries of the world, meeting their interests also in terms of energy independence, thanks to which it is confidently gaining a stable position in the global energy sector. The cost of heat obtained through the use of solar installations largely depends on the radiation and climatic conditions of the area where the solar installation is used. The climatic conditions of our country, especially the south, make it possible to use the energy of the Sun to cover a significant part of the need for heat. A decrease in the reserves of fossil fuel and its rise in price have led to the development of optimal technical solutions, efficiency and economic feasibility of using solar installations. And today this is no longer an idle curiosity, but a conscious desire of homeowners to save not only their financial budget, but also health, which is possible only with the use of alternative energy sources, such as: double-circuit solar installations, geothermal heat pumps (HP), wind power generators. The problem is especially acute in the heat supply of housing and communal services (HCS), where the cost of fuel for heat production is several times higher than the cost of electricity. The main disadvantages of centralized heat supply sources are low energy, economic and environmental efficiency. And high transport tariffs for the delivery of energy carriers and frequent accidents on heating mains exacerbate the negative factors inherent in traditional district heating. One of the most effective energy-saving methods that make it possible to save fossil fuel, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of consumers in process heat is the use of heat pump technologies for heat production.

scholarly journals Three eco-tool comparison with the example of the environmental performance of domestic solar flat plate hot water systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Product Lca ◽  
Lca Practitioners ◽  
Standards And Guidelines

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a procedure used as an analytical tool for the evaluation of the environmental impact caused by a material, a manufacturing process or product. For an end product, LCA requires both the identification and quantification of materials and energy used in all stages of the product’s life, together with their environmental impact. It requires therefore a huge amount of data about materials, components, manufacturing processes, energy consumption and the relevant environmental impacts. For this reason, a number of software and databases have been developed, in order to facilitate LCA users. These are the so-called Eco-Tools, used in an effort to minimize the environmental impact of a product from the materials and the energy used for production. In this paper, LCA is conducted for solar thermosyphonic systems, with the aid of three commercially available Eco-Tools, usually used by LCA practitioners, namely: Eco-It, GEMIS and SimaPro, and the results are compared. Although all three tools claim accordance with the international standards and guidelines, differences do exist. A typical solar thermosyphonic system (DSHWS) with a 4 m2 collector area and a capacity of 150 dm3 that covers the hot water needs of a three person family in Thessaloniki is used as case study. The results of the three tools are compared for each component of the solar system as well as for each material used and for the conventional energy substituted by the system.

scholarly journals Decision Support System to Implement Units of Alternative Biowaste Treatment for Producing Bioenergy and Boosting Local Bioeconomy

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Vlachokostas ◽  
Charisios Achillas ◽  
Ioannis Agnantiaris ◽  
Alexandra V. Michailidou ◽  
Christos Pallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Local Acceptance ◽  
Biowaste Treatment

Lately, the model of circular economy has gained worldwide interest. Within its concept, waste is viewed as a beneficial resource that needs to be re-introduced in the supply chains, which also requires the use of raw materials, energy, and water to be minimized. Undeniably, a strong link exists between the bioeconomy, circular economy, bioproducts, and bioenergy. In this light, in order to promote a circular economy, a range of alternative options and technologies for biowaste exploitation are currently available. In this paper, we propose a generic methodological scheme for the development of small, medium, or large-scale units of alternative biowaste treatment, with an emphasis on the production of bioenergy and other bioproducts. With the use of multi-criteria decision analysis, the model simultaneously considers environmental, economic, and social criteria to support robust decision-making. In order to validate the methodology, the latter was demonstrated in a real-world case study for the development of a facility in the region of Serres, Greece. Based on the proposed methodological scheme, the optimal location of the facility was selected, based on its excellent assessment in criteria related to environmental performance, financial considerations, and local acceptance. Moreover, anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues, together with farming and livestock wastes, was recommended in order to produce bioenergy and bioproducts.

Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Neveen Y. Azmy ◽  
Rania E. Ashmawy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Window Position

Windows play a significant role as they largely influence the energy load. Although there are many studies on the energy-efficient windows design, there is still a lack in information about the mutual impact of windows’ size, position and orientation on the energy loads. In this paper, the effect of different window positions and orientations on the energy consumption in a typical room in an administrative building that is located in the hot climatic conditions of Cairo city, Egypt is considered. This case study has been modeled and analyzed to achieve good environmental performance for architectural space, as well as assessing its impact on the amount of natural lighting required by using the Energy Plus program. The study concludes that the WWR (Window Wall Ratio) 20% square north-oriented upper  opening consumes 25% lower energy than the rectangular 3:1 opening in the lower west-oriented façade. The upper openings are the highest in terms of light intensity, as they cover about 50% of the room area. The WWR 30% rectangular north-oriented upper 3:1 opening consumes 29% lower energy than the rectangular lower 3:1opening in the façade. Regarding light intensity, the upper openings are the best for natural lighting as the light covers more than 60% of the room area.                                                                                                                                                               

scholarly journals The Comparison of Solar Energy Gaining Effectiveness between Flat Plate Collectors and Evacuated Tube Collectors with Heat Pipe: Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Olczak ◽  
Dominika Matuszewska ◽  
Jadwiga Zabagło
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Evacuated Tube Collectors ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Family House

In Poland, various solar collector systems are used; among them, the most popular are flat plate collectors (FPCs) and evacuated tube collectors (ETCs). The work presents two installations located at a distance of 80 km apart, working in similar external conditions. One of them contains 120 flat plate collectors and works for the preparation of hot water in a swimming pool building; the second one consists of 32 evacuated tube collectors with a heat pipe and supports the preparation of domestic hot water for a multi-family house. During the comparison of the two quite large solar installations, it was confirmed that the use of evacuated tube solar collectors shows a much better solar energy productivity than flat plate collectors for the absorber area. Higher heat solar gains (by 7.9%) were also observed in the case of the gross collector area. The advantages of evacuated tube collectors are observed mainly during colder periods, which allows for a steadier thermal energy production.

scholarly journals A Standard-Based Method to Simulate the Behavior of Thermal Solar Systems with a Stratified Storage Tank

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Alessio Piana ◽  
Benedetta Grassi ◽  
Laurent Socal
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Forced Circulation ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Solar Field ◽  
The Impact

Thermal solar systems are interesting solutions to reduce CO 2 emissions and gradually promote the use of renewable sources. However, sizing such systems and analysing their behavior are still challenging issues, especially for the trade-off between useful solar energy maximization and stagnation risk minimization. The new EPB (Energy Performance of Buildings) standard EN 15316-4-3:2017 offers several methods to evaluate the performance of a forced circulation solar system. One of them is a dynamic hourly method that must be used together with EN 15316-5:2017 for the simulation of the stratified storage tank connected with the solar loop. In this work, such dynamic hourly method is extended to provide more realistic predictions. In particular, modeling of the pump operation due to solar fluid temperature exceeding a set threshold, or due to low temperature differential between solar field and storage tank, is introduced as an on–off control. The implemented code is applied to a case study of solar system for the preparation of domestic hot water and the impact of different design parameters is evaluated. The model predicts a higher risk of overtemperature lock-out or stagnation when the solar field surface is increased, the storage volume is reduced and water consumption is set to zero to simulate summer vacation periods. Finally, a simple modulating control with a time step of a few seconds to a few minutes is introduced, quantitatively showing the resulting benefits in terms of useful solar energy increase, back-up operation savings and reduced auxiliary energy use.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTION PROCEDURE OF RUBBER PLANTATION IN DIMORIA REGION, KAMRUP (M), ASSAM- A CASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranya Jyoti Gayan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Social

Rubber is one of the most versatile industrial raw-materials which find use in a variety of diversified activities, ranging from clinical to defense. It literally turns the wheels of industry and there is hardly any walk of life where rubber is not used. Rubber is an elastomeric which has a natural source as well as a synthetic analogue, known as synthetic rubber. Natural rubber accounts for 78% of the consumption in India where as the global consumption of rubber are 64% synthetic and 36% natural rubber. The social and economic benefits of rubber plantation produce are new jobs, renewable raw-materials, and absorbing carbon emissions. Rubber plantation creates a host of jobs, from directly rubber harvesting activities to those created indirectly to support the needs of the plantation workers. The agro-climatic conditions of NER are quite similar to that of South-West coastal region- the traditional rubber plantation area in terms of rainfall, humidity, temperature and suitable soil structure. It is for this reason the NER registered itself in the list of non-traditional region of rubber growers. In Dimoria region there are about thirty numbers of Rubber Plantation gardens. Villagers in this hilly area on the city outskirts have found way to stretch their income-growing rubber. The paper presents a case study of the rubber plantation of this locality.

Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Energy System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhi Cui ◽  
Quan Liao ◽  
Longjian Li ◽  
Songqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Output

A dynamic model is developed to analysis the transient characteristics of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar energy system. Two typical climatic conditions, clear day and hazy day, are considered in the present study. The daily and annual variation of hot water temperature, electrical output, thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the solar irradiance is the critical factor that affects the variation of the water temperature, electrical output and electrical efficiency of the PV/T system. The thermal efficiency of the system has also a certain relation to the daily fluctuation of solar radiation.

scholarly journals Using Solar Energy for Charging Electric Vehicles in Poland – a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Marańda
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
Battery Technology

The recent advancements in the fields of electric propulsion and battery technology have made possible the implementation of all-electric transport within the coming decades. However, the widespread use of electric cars could seriously threaten the existing capabilities of energy generation and the load of the utility grid. This work investigates the use of solar energy for producing energy for transportation locally, using energy buffering and minimizing grid energy transfers. A case-study of an electric car and dedicated PV-system is investigated for the duration of a full year in Polish climatic conditions.

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