scholarly journals Artificial Gravity for People in Space: Evolution of Ideas, Technologies, and Projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Krichevsky
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Artificial Gravity ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Short History ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas

The problem of creation and application of artificial gravity for people in space is considered as a short history of ideas, technologies, projects of the XIX-XXI centuries in the paradigm of space exploration and life outside the Earth. A general definition, the description of ways to create artificial gravity, its modes are given. A brief analysis of history, periodization, classification are made. Important examples of ideas, technologies, projects are proposed. The realities and prospects are described. The main conclusions and recommendations are formulated.

scholarly journals A short history of climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Dirk Notz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Short History ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
First Time

The flux of energy through the climate system determines the living conditions of our planet. In this contribution, I outline the main processes regulating this flux of energy, how these processes have changed throughout Earth history, and how today they are changing by human activities, in particular by activities related to energy production. The changes in the climate state of our planet, which have been ongoing ever since the formation of the Earth some 5 billion years ago, have shaped the world we live in today. Yet, today’s climate change is special in two overarching ways. First, it is the first time that a major climate change is globally affecting a civilisation that is perfectly adapted to thousands of years of stable climate conditions. Second, today’s climate change is occurring at a rate much faster than preceding natural climate changes. In combination, these two factors make today’s climate change a unique challenge to humankind, with direct consequences of future energy production as outlined in the other contributions to this volume.

Stages of Development of Electromechanical Systems of Simulators for Training Cosmonauts to Work in Conditions of Zero Gravity and Low Gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Georgiy Pyatibratov ◽  
◽  
Oleg Kravchenko ◽  
Dmitriy Bogdanov ◽  
Azamat Bekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Zero Gravity ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Low Gravity ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Technical Solutions

The history of the creation and the stages of development of domestic simulators for training cosmonauts to work in conditions of weightlessness and low gravity of the planets of the solar system are analyzed. The principles of construction of simulators with the use of the force-compensating principle, which provide on the Earth the imitation of the motion of astronauts in zero gravity, are considered. The features of the implementation of simulators of different generations and the stages of development of their electromechanical force-compensating systems are given. The directions for further improvement of control systems and possible technical solutions for the creation of promising simulators for training cosmonauts to solve new problems in the implementation of lunar and Martian space exploration programs are determined.

Thinking about the Earth: A History of Ideas in Geology. David R. Oldroyd

Isis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-695
Author(s):  
Carl-Henry Geschwind
Keyword(s):  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Ice Marks in Newfoundland: A History of Ideas

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vertical Extent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas

ABSTRACT This essay traces the evolution of ideas on the origin of features in Newfoundland now ascribed to glaciation, through the period 1822-1981. It identifies "Pre-cognitive," "Drift," and "Glacial" phases, with the last phase divided into seven sub-phases. In the Glacial Phase, debate centred on 1) the relative roles of Labrador ice and ice from the island of Newfoundland, 2) the areal and vertical extent of ice masses, and 3) the number and chronology of glacial episodes. Alexander Murray is credited with first recognizing glaciation in Newfoundland in 1866, and the background to his perspicacity is discussed. The evolution of ideas from the late-nineteenth century to the present is related to improving access, exploration by increasingly widely experienced scientists, the import of concepts from outside the region, the development of chronological tools, and improvements in glaciological theory.

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