scholarly journals Washington State Recreational Marijuana Legalization: Parent and Adolescent Perceptions, Knowledge, and Discussions in a Sample of Low-Income Families

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mason ◽  
Koren Hanson ◽  
Charles B. Fleming ◽  
Jay L. Ringle ◽  
Kevin P. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
Low Income Families

scholarly journals Washington State Retail Marijuana Legalization: Parent andAdolescent Preferences for Marijuana Messages in a Sample of Low-Income Families

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koren Hanson ◽  
Kevin P. Haggerty ◽  
Charles B. Fleming ◽  
Martie L. Skinner ◽  
Mary Casey-Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Low Income Families

Maternal Marijuana Exposure and Birth Weight: An Observational Study Surrounding Recreational Marijuana Legalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Straub ◽  
Jin Mou ◽  
Kathryn J. Drennan ◽  
Bethann M. Pflugeisen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Urine Drug Screen ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Good Samaritan Hospital ◽  
Infant Birth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective This study aimed to study the relationship between prenatal marijuana and infant birth weight using natural cohorts established before, during and after the 20-month lapse between legalization and legal recreational sales in Washington State. Study Design Over 5 years, 5,343 pregnant women with documented urine drug screen (UDS) results delivered at Tacoma General Hospital or Good Samaritan Hospital. Maternal medical data were extracted for three delivery cohorts established based on before (T1), during (T2), and after legalization (T3) of recreational marijuana and legalized availability. Univariate and multivariate models were created to study marijuana exposure on infants' birth weight. Results Marijuana exposure increased the risk of low birth weight (LBW; odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.01). This was more pronounced in full-term babies (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10–2.69), and was independently associated with a higher risk for small for gestational age (SGA; OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.49–1.53). The associations between marijuana exposure and SGA were maintained in cohort-specific models (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.01–2.32 for T2, and OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01–2.02 for T3, respectively). Conclusion Marijuana exposure verified by UDS was associated with LBW and SGA. However, recreational marijuana legalization and availability did not have direct impact on newborns' risk of LBW or SGA.

The Spillover Effect of Recreational Marijuana Legalization on Crime: Evidence From Neighboring States of Colorado and Washington State

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhen Wu ◽  
Francis D. Boateng ◽  
Xiaodong Lang
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Crime Type ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Reduction Effect

An ongoing debate exists about the implications of recreational marijuana legalization to public safety. One important public concern is how recreational marijuana legalization may affect crime in neighboring states that have not legalized. Based on Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data from 2003 to 2017, this study used difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to examine the potential spillover effect of recreational marijuana legalization in Colorado and Washington State, with a special focus on the examination of the changes in the rates of a variety of crimes in the border counties of neighboring states relative to the nonborder counties in these states following Colorado’s and Washington’s legalization. Results provide some evidence suggesting a spillover crime reduction effect of legalization, as reflected by the significant decreases in the rates of property crime, larceny, and simple assault in the Colorado region that includes six neighboring states. Results also suggest that the effects of marijuana legalization on crime in neighboring states vary based on crime type and state.

scholarly journals Marijuana Policy Opinions in Washington State Since Legalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sabina Subbaraman ◽  
William C. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Marijuana Legalization ◽  
Random Digit ◽  
Random Digit Dial ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In 2012, voters in Washington state approved Initiative 502 (I-502) which legalized recreational marijuana use at the state level. This study examines the relationship between demographics, marijuana and alcohol use, and voting outcomes, as well as how these variables relate to (i) whether voters would still vote the same way (a reflection of satisfaction with the new policy) and (ii) the likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal retail stores. Methods: The sample consists of 2,007 adult Washington state residents recruited through Random Digit Dial between January and October 2014. Bivariate tests and multivariable regressions were used for analyses. Results: Less than 5% of those who voted for marijuana legalization would change their votes, whereas 14% of those who voted against legalization would change their votes. In multivariable models controlling for demographics, substance use, and marijuana-related opinions, those who voted for legalization had half the odds of changing their votes than those who voted against it. Among past-year nonmarijuana users, almost 10% were somewhat/very likely to use marijuana if they could buy it from a legal store. Past marijuana use, the belief that adults should be allowed to grow marijuana for personal use, and the belief that marijuana is not very risky for health were all related to increased likelihood of using marijuana purchased from legal stores. Conclusion: Since November 2012, support for marijuana legalization in Washington state has increased; accounting for the proportion of voters who would change their votes suggests that I-502 would pass today with even more votes in favor.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

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