More Eggs, Less Sugar: A Sneak Peek into the Latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Darlene Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

ABSTRACT The 2015 – 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans provides guidance for choosing a healthy diet. There is a focus on preventing and alleviating the effects of diet-related chronic diseases. These include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, among others. This article briefly reviews the primary guideline items that can be used to teach patients with respect to improving their diet. Clinical exercise physiologists who work with patients with chronic disease can use these guidelines for general discussions regarding a heart-healthy diet.

Nutrition For The Healthy Child

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meera Boghani ◽  
Mollie Studley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Physical Findings

Preschool and school-age children are children ages 3 to 6 and 7 to 12 years, respectively. This life stage is characterized by a period of slower growth velocity compared with infancy, which precedes it, and adolescence, which follows it. During the early school years, children continue to develop and refine feeding skills, expand their food choices, and learn to eat a variety of flavors and textures. Parents and other caregivers control the type of foods and the environment in which the foods are presented, often influencing eating habits and behaviors later in life. A healthy diet is needed not only to maximize the child’s growth but also to prevent chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. When assessing a child’s nutrition, emphasis should be placed on not just weight and body mass index but also assessing intake of macro- and micronutrients from foods. A healthy diet should include a variety of food groups, with emphasis on whole foods over processed foods. Recently developed tools such as MyPlate and the Dietary Guidelines help American families move toward a healthful diet to help minimize the risk of chronic diseases. This review contains 3 figures, 7 tables and 78 references Key words: childhood obesity, developmental disability, energy needs of children, evaluation of growth charts, failure to thrive, food allergy, nutrition-focused physical findings, nutritional status, SoFAS

scholarly journals A review of the epidemiological evidence for the ‘antioxidant hypothesis’

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Stanner ◽  
J Hughes ◽  
CNM Kelly ◽  
J Buttriss
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements

AbstractObjective:The British Nutrition Foundation was recently commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to conduct a review of the government's research programme onAntioxidants in Food. Part of this work involved an independent review of the scientific literature on the role of antioxidants in chronic disease prevention, which is presented in this paper.Background:There is consistent evidence that diets rich in fruit and vegetables and other plant foods are associated with moderately lower overall mortality rates and lower death rates from cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer. The ‘antioxidant hypothesis’ proposes that vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and other antioxidant nutrients afford protection against chronic diseases by decreasing oxidative damage.Results:Although scientific rationale and observational studies have been convincing, randomised primary and secondary intervention trials have failed to show any consistent benefit from the use of antioxidant supplements on cardiovascular disease or cancer risk, with some trials even suggesting possible harm in certain subgroups. These trials have usually involved the administration of single antioxidant nutrients given at relatively high doses. The results of trials investigating the effect of a balanced combination of antioxidants at levels achievable by diet are awaited.Conclusion:The suggestion that antioxidant supplements can prevent chronic diseases has not been proved or consistently supported by the findings of published intervention trials. Further evidence regarding the efficacy, safety and appropriate dosage of antioxidants in relation to chronic disease is needed. The most prudent public health advice remains to increase the consumption of plant foods, as such dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and risk of major chronic disease in women

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie L McCullough ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Meir J Stampfer ◽  
Bernard A Rosner ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Major Chronic Disease ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

scholarly journals DIETARY INTAKE AND NUTRITIONAL RISK AMONG OLDER AMERICANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S939-S939
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Average Consumption

Abstract A suboptimal diet and nutritional deficiency are among the leading causes of chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and osteoporosis), morbidity, and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess dietary intake and nutritional risk among older Americans. The dietary intake of 15 food and nutrients that are closely associated with the risk of poor health was assessed based on the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals for older Americans using a nationally representative sample of older adults (N=7,737) in the Health and Retirement Study Health Care and Nutrition Survey. The average consumption of most food and nutrients was out of the optimal range. For example, older men and women consumed 1.32-1.35 cups of dairy products and 1.23-1.29 ounces of whole grains, which is less than half of the suggested amount. The average consumption of sodium, on the other hand, was over 12 times greater than suggested dietary recommendation for older men and about 10 times greater for older women. The nutritional risk index (range: 0–15) was created by summing the number of dietary risk factors (not meeting the dietary guidelines and nutritional goals), the index scores for older men and older women were 11.05 (SD=2.31) and 10.09 (SD=2.60) respectively, suggesting the high level of nutritional risk. A healthy diet should be encouraged to prevent chronic diseases and improve the health of older adults. Nutritional education may be an effective way to promote a healthy diet.

scholarly journals A Framework to Understand the Progression of Cardiovascular Disease for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using a Network Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ekramul Hossain ◽  
Shahadat Uddin ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ali Moni
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Disease Networks ◽  
Multiple Chronic Diseases

The prevalence of chronic disease comorbidity has increased worldwide. Comorbidity—i.e., the presence of multiple chronic diseases—is associated with adverse health outcomes in terms of mobility and quality of life as well as financial burden. Understanding the progression of comorbidities can provide valuable insights towards the prevention and better management of chronic diseases. Administrative data can be used in this regard as they contain semantic information on patients’ health conditions. Most studies in this field are focused on understanding the progression of one chronic disease rather than multiple diseases. This study aims to understand the progression of two chronic diseases in the Australian health context. It specifically focuses on the comorbidity progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as the prevalence of these chronic diseases in Australians is high. A research framework is proposed to understand and represent the progression of CVD in patients with T2DM using graph theory and social network analysis techniques. Two study cohorts (i.e., patients with both T2DM and CVD and patients with only T2DM) were selected from an administrative dataset obtained from an Australian health insurance company. Two baseline disease networks were constructed from these two selected cohorts. A final disease network from two baseline disease networks was then generated by weight adjustments in a normalized way. The prevalence of renal failure, fluid and electrolyte disorders, hypertension and obesity was significantly higher in patients with both CVD and T2DM than patients with only T2DM. This showed that these chronic diseases occurred frequently during the progression of CVD in patients with T2DM. The proposed network-based model may potentially help the healthcare provider to understand high-risk diseases and the progression patterns between the recurrence of T2DM and CVD. Also, the framework could be useful for stakeholders including governments and private health insurers to adopt appropriate preventive health management programs for patients at a high risk of developing multiple chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Reducing Deaths by Diet: A Call for Public Policy to Prevent Chronic Disease

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm Campbell CM, MD, FRCPC ◽  
Michel Sauvé MD FRCP FACP FCCP MSc
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Excess Alcohol Consumption

Chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer are the leading causes of disability and death in Canada.1,2 The majority of chronic diseases are caused by physical inactivity, tobacco use, excess alcohol consumption and unhealthy diet.3-6 In particular, unhealthy diet is the leading risk factor for death and disability in Canada resulting in an estimated 64,000 deaths and over 1 million years of disability (DALYs) in 2010 alone.7 Worldwide, a staggering 11 million deaths and over 200 million DALYs were attributed to unhealthy eating in 2010.

History and Development of the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H Lichtenstein ◽  
Allison Karpyn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Serving as a cornerstone of dietary policy in the United States, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide an important foundation for understanding the programs and policies that influence public health practice. In this chapter, we review the emergence and development of the guidelines beginning with their evolution from the Dietary Goals for Americans and moving through various iterations from 1980 until the current era in 2015. Topics include concrete reporting on recommendations, evolving principles of a healthy diet, and a discussion of controversies borne by industry lobbying groups and government mandates.

scholarly journals Diet Indices Reflecting Changes to Dietary Guidelines for Americans from 1990 to 2015 Are More Strongly Associated with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Jiantao Ma ◽  
Paul F Jacques ◽  
Daniel Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Background The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide dietary recommendations for the general population with the intent of preventing chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease. An evaluation of whether updated versions of the DGAs accomplish this goal is lacking. Objective The objective of this project was to determine whether updates to DGAs over time, reflected in subsequent versions of diet quality indices, strengthened the associations between diet quality and risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methods Dietary data collected using a food frequency questionnaire in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort was used to assess adherence to sequential versions of the Healthy Eating Index (1990, 2005, 2010, and 2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (2000 and 2010) (N = 3,267). We conducted prospective analyses using Cox regression to estimate the association between diet indices and incident cardiovascular disease outcomes. Results Among the 3,267 study participants, 54% were female, mean age was 55 years, and mean body mass index was 27 kg/m2. There were a total of 544 events for the composite outcome of cardiovascular diseases (324 coronary heart disease events, 153 stroke events, and 187 heart failure events). Adherence to any dietary index was inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and heart failure, but not stroke. Compared to HEI-1990, scores for the more recent diet indices were more strongly associated with coronary heart disease risk, but not cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or stroke. Conclusions More recent iterations of diet indices, reflecting updates to the DGAs over time, are more strongly associated with risk of incident coronary heart disease than the original diet index (HEI-1990).

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