scholarly journals Nationwide survey reveals high diversity of Fusarium species and related mycotoxins in Brazilian rice: 2014 and 2015 harvests

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Mara Moreira ◽  
Camila Primieri Nicolli ◽  
Larissa Bitencourt Gomes ◽  
Claudigo Ogoshi ◽  
Klaus K. Scheuermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
High Diversity

Ninety three samples of rice were obtained from research and commercial plots at eight rice-producing regions of Brazil and analyzed for the presence of Fusarium species and 14 mycotoxins. A total of 352 isolates belonging to Fusarium genus were obtained from 85 % of the samples. These were assigned to four species complexes (SC) based on morphological identification. The most frequent SC detected was F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC, 32.4 %) followed by F. fujikuroi (FFSC, 26.1 %), F. graminearum (FGSC, 24.7 %) and F. chlamydosporum (FCSC, 16.8 %). FGSC was limited geographically and dominant in the southern subtropical production regions while the others occurred in all regions, particularly FIESC, the most widespread among them. The samples were individually contaminated with three to eight mycotoxins. The most common mycotoxins detected were zearalenone (ZEA), beauvericin, and acetylated forms of deoxynivalenol (AcDON). Other toxins included enniatins, T-2, HT-2, DON, neosolaniol and moniliformin. The concentration levels were all below the Brazilian promulgated limits established only for DON (< 750 ppb), and ZEA (< 100 ppb) with one exception for the latter. Most toxins were found in both the husk and flour fractions, but AcDON tended to concentrate more in the husk. Our survey extends considerable our knowledge of the Fusarium complexes infecting rice and provides an update on the status of rice mycotoxin contamination at the country level, which can be considered generally safe. However, attention should be paid to the widespread contamination of beauvericin.

scholarly journals Nationwide survey reveals high diversity of Fusarium species and related mycotoxins in Brazilian rice: 2014 and 2015 harvests

Food Control ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 107171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia M. Moreira ◽  
Camila P. Nicolli ◽  
Larissa B. Gomes ◽  
Cláudio Ogoshi ◽  
Klaus K. Scheuermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
High Diversity

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Profile of Pathogenic Fusarium Species Isolated from Sudden Decline Syndrome and Leaf Wilt Symptoms on Date Palms (Phoenix dactylifera) in Tunisia

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Amal Rabaaoui ◽  
Chiara Dall’Asta ◽  
Laura Righetti ◽  
Antonia Susca ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Date Palms

In 2017–2018, extensive symptoms of sudden decline and fruit rot were observed on date palms in southern Tunisia. Samples of diseased plants were randomly collected in six localities. Based on morphological identification, Fusarium was the most frequent fungal genus detected. A sequencing of translation elongation factor, calmodulin, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II genes was used to identify 63 representative Fusarium strains at species level and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. The main species detected was Fusarium proliferatum, and at a much lesser extent, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium caatingaense, Fusarium clavum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium solani. Pathogenicity on the Deglet Nour variety plantlets and the capability to produce mycotoxins were also assessed. All Fusarium species were pathogenic complying Koch’s postulates. Fusarium proliferatum strains produced mainly fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON). All F. brachygibbosum strains produced low levels of BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol; two strains produced also T-2 toxin, and a single strain produced HT-2 toxin. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum produced only BEA. Fusarium solani strains produced MON, BEA, and ENNs. This work reports for the first time a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of Fusarium species on date palms, concerning both phytopathological and food safety issues.

FUSARIUM-ID v.3.0: An updated, downloadable resource for Fusarium species identification

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Torres-Cruz ◽  
Briana Whitaker ◽  
Robert Proctor ◽  
Kirk Broders ◽  
Imane Laraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Sequence Database ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Feed Safety

Species within Fusarium are of global agricultural, medical, and food/feed safety concern and have been extensively characterized. However, accurate identification of species is challenging and usually requires DNA sequence data. FUSARIUM-ID (http://isolate.fusariumdb.org/) is a publicly available database designed to support the identification of Fusarium species using sequences of multiple phylogenetically informative loci, especially the highly informative ~680 bp 5' portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene that has been adopted as the primary barcoding locus in the genus. However, FUSARIUM-ID v.1.0 and 2.0 had several limitations, including inconsistent metadata annotation for the archived sequences and poor representation of some species complexes and marker loci. Here, we present FUSARIUM-ID v.3.0, which provides the following improvements: (i) additional and updated annotation of metadata for isolates associated with each sequence, (ii) expanded taxon representation in the TEF1 sequence database, (iii) availability of the sequence database as a downloadable file to enable local BLAST queries, and (iv) a tutorial file for users to perform local BLAST searches using either freely-available software, such as SequenceServer, BLAST+ executable in the command line, and Galaxy, or the proprietary Geneious software. FUSARIUM-ID will be updated on a regular basis by archiving sequences of TEF1 and other loci from newly identified species and greater in-depth sampling of currently recognized species.

scholarly journals Organization and Application of ECLS Therapy—A Nationwide Survey in German Cardiosurgical Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Alexander Assmann ◽  
Udo Boeken ◽  
Stefan Klotz ◽  
Wolfgang Harringer ◽  
Andreas Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Anticoagulation Management ◽  
The Status

Background In context of the multidisciplinary German scientific guideline “Use of extracorporeal circulation (extracorporeal life support [ECLS]/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) for cardiac and circulatory failure,” a nationwide survey should depict the status of organization and application of ECLS therapy in Germany. Methods Between June and October 2017, a standardized questionnaire consisting of 30 items related to ECLS therapy was sent to all German cardiosurgical departments, and all returned results were analyzed and evaluated. Results The return rate amounted to 92.9% (78 out of 84 departments). In the participating departments, ECLS therapy is subject to different responsibilities, and exhibits divergent processes and various ways for specialization of the involved personnel. This also concerns local application standards, such as cannulation strategies, anticoagulation management, left ventricular unloading, antiwatershed treatment, and weaning from circulatory support. Conclusion This nationwide survey underlines the necessity of a multidisciplinary guideline concerning ECLS therapy.

scholarly journals Fusarium Consortium Populations Associated with Asparagus Crop in Spain and Their Role on Field Decline Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Alexandri María Brizuela ◽  
Eduardo De la Lastra ◽  
José Ignacio Marín-Guirao ◽  
Laura Gálvez ◽  
Miguel de Cara-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Prevalent Species

Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of asparagus crop worldwide. Diseased plants and soil samples from 41 fields from three main production areas of Spain were surveyed. Eight Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified in soils: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solanisensu stricto, F. equiseti, F. culmorum, F. compactum and F. acuminatum. Fusarium oxysporum was the most prevalent species. Statistical correlation (R2 = 88%) was established between F. oxysporum inoculum density and the average temperature of the warmest month. A relationship was also established between three crop factors (average temperature, crop age and F. oxysporum inoculum density) and field disease indices. Significant differences were observed between the distribution of F. oxysporum propagules in white and green asparagus fields. Thirteen Fusarium species belonging to seven species complexes were identified from roots of diseased plants, being F. oxysporum the most prevalent. F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. redolens showed pathogenicity to asparagus and were the main species associated to ADS. Fusarium oxysporum was the species with the highest genetic diversity displaying 14 sequence-based haplotypes with no geographic differentiation. This work contributes to understanding the Fusarium complex associated to ADS for developing accurate integrated disease management strategies.

scholarly journals DNA barcode identification of commercial fish sold in Mexican markets

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sarmiento-Camacho ◽  
Martha Valdez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Sphyrna Lewini ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
The Status

The substitution of high-value fish species for those of lower value is common practice. Although numerous studies have addressed this issue, few have been conducted in Mexico. In this study, we sought to identify fresh fillets of fish, sharks, and rays using DNA barcodes. We analyzed material from “La Viga” in Mexico City, and other markets located on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts of Mexico. From 134 samples, we obtained sequences from 129, identified to 9 orders, 28 families, 38 genera, and 44 species. The most common species were Seriola dumerili, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Carcharhinus brevipinna, and Hypanus americanus. Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was most commonly used as a substitute for higher-value species. The substitution rate was 18% of the total. A review of the conservation status of the specimens identified against the IUNC list enabled us to establish that some species marketed in Mexico are threatened: Makaira nigricans, Lachnolaimus maximus, Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, and Isurus oxyrinchus are classified as vulnerable; Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps and Sphyrna lewini are endangered; and the status of Hyporthodus nigritus is critical. These results will demonstrate to the Mexican authorities that DNA barcoding is a reliable tool for species identification, even when morphological identification is difficult or impossible.

The Status of Women in Modern Language Departments: A Report of the Modern Language Association Commission on the Status of Women in the Profession

PMLA ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Florence Howe ◽  
Laura Morlock ◽  
Richard Berk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Women Faculty ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Modern Language Association ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

In the spring and summer of 1970 the Commission on the Status of Women of the Modern Language Association conducted a comprehensive, nationwide survey on the position of women in English and modern foreign language departments. We collected information on types of appointments, ranks, teaching patterns, and salary levels of men and women faculty members and the proportion of women among graduate enrollments and recent degrees awarded. In addition, the Commission asked for information about nepotism regulations and practices of departments in the Association. This report presents some results of the survey.

scholarly journals Learning about principles or prospects for success? An experimental analysis of information support for nonviolent resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316802093169
Author(s):  
Babak RezaeeDaryakenari ◽  
Peyman Asadzade
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Nonviolent Resistance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Experimental Survey

The color revolutions in Eastern Europe and the recent waves of protests in the Middle East and North Africa show that nonviolent conflicts, like violent conflicts, spread across countries. Scholars argue that the idea of adopting nonviolent resistance travels across borders because dissidents learn from foreign protestors about the principles of nonviolent campaigns and their success in changing the status quo. However, the commonly used country-level data do not allow scholars to distinguish between these two learning mechanisms and to establish a causal association between exposure to information about nonviolent resistance and changing individuals’ attitudes. Therefore, we conduct an experimental survey to analyze and distinguish individuals’ responses to information about the principles of nonviolent campaigns and their higher prospects for success. Our findings show both types of information increase individuals’ evaluation of nonviolent resistance. However, exposure to information on the principles of nonviolent campaigns yields different results than exposure to information on the success rate of nonviolent campaigns.

scholarly journals Species Composition and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium Isolates Causing Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper in China

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Shuangxia Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhao ◽  
Shanhai Lin ◽  
François Van Hove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Pepper Fruit

Apart from causing serious yield losses, various kinds of mycotoxins may be accumulated in plant tissues infected by Fusarium strains. Fusarium mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important concerns in the food safety field nowadays. However, limited information on the causal agents, etiology, and mycotoxin production of this disease is available on pepper in China. This research was conducted to identify the Fusarium species causing pepper fruit rot and analyze their toxigenic potential in China. Forty-two Fusarium strains obtained from diseased pepper from six provinces were identified as F. equiseti (27 strains), F. solani (10 strains), F. fujikuroi (five strains). This is the first report of F. equiseti, F. solani and F. fujikuroi associated with pepper fruit rot in China, which revealed that the population structure of Fusarium species in this study was quite different from those surveyed in other countries, such as Canada and Belgium. The mycotoxin production capabilities were assessed using a well-established liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method. Out of the thirty-six target mycotoxins, fumonisins B1 and B2, fusaric acid, beauvericin, moniliformin, and nivalenol were detected in pepper tissues. Furthermore, some mycotoxins were found in non-colonized parts of sweet pepper fruit, implying migration from colonized to non-colonized parts of pepper tissues, which implied the risk of mycotoxin contamination in non-infected parts of food products.

scholarly journals Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Marike Geldenhuys ◽  
Petrus Jansen van Vuren ◽  
Alan Kemp ◽  
Marinda Mortlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Related Sequence ◽  
Genetic Database ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

A high diversity of corona- and paramyxoviruses have been detected in different bat species at study sites worldwide, including Africa, however no biosurveillance studies from Rwanda have been reported. In this study, samples from bats collected from caves in Ruhengeri, Rwanda, were tested for the presence of corona- and paramyxoviral RNA using reverse transcription PCR assays. Positive results were further characterized by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In addition to morphological identification of bat species, we also did molecular confirmation of species identities, contributing to the known genetic database available for African bat species. We detected a novel Betacoronavirus in two Geoffroy’s horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus clivosus) bats. We also detected several different paramyxoviral species from various insectivorous bats. One of these viral species was found to be homologous to the genomes of viruses belonging to the Jeilongvirus genus. Additionally, a Henipavirus-related sequence was detected in an Egyptian rousette fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). These results expand on the known diversity of corona- and paramyxoviruses and their geographical distribution in Africa.

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