scholarly journals Popularity is linked to neural coordination: Neural evidence for an Anna Karenina principle in social networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa C Baek ◽  
Ryan Hyon ◽  
Karina López ◽  
Emily S. Finn ◽  
Mason A. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

People differ in how they attend to, interpret, and respond to their surroundings. Convergent processing of the world may be one factor that contributes to social connections between individuals. We used neuroimaging and network analysis to investigate whether the most central individuals in their communities (as measured by in-degree centrality, a notion of popularity) process the world in a particularly normative way. More central individuals had exceptionally similar neural responses to their peers and especially to each other in brain regions associated with high-level interpretations and social cognition (e.g., in the default-mode network), whereas less-central individuals exhibited more idiosyncratic responses. Self-reported enjoyment of and interest in stimuli followed a similar pattern, but accounting for these data did not change our main results. These findings suggest an “Anna Karenina principle” in social networks: Highly-central individuals process the world in exceptionally similar ways, whereas less-central individuals process the world in idiosyncratic ways.

Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made

2011 ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Network analysis, a body of research that concentrates on the social networks that connect actors in society, has been found to have many applications in areas where researchers struggle to understand the complex workings of organisations (Nohria, 1992). Social network analysis (SNA) acknowledges that individuals are characterised just as much by their relationships with one another (which is often neglected in traditional research) as by their specific attributes (Knoke & Kuklinski, 1982) and that, beyond individuals, society itself is made of networks (Kilduff & Tsai, 2003). It is the study of the relationships between actors and between clusters of actors in organisations and in society that has been labeled network analysis. These high level observations about network analysis indicate that this orientation has great potential for the study of how managers, groups of managers, and organisations make decisions, following processes that unfold over long periods of time and that are sometimes very hard to fully comprehend without reference to a network approach. This article proposes to investigate the potential application of network analysis to the study of individual and organizational decision making and to leverage its strengths for the design and development of better decision aids.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Group Bias During Natural Viewing

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3380-3389
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews ◽  
Ryan K Smith ◽  
Richard L Hoggart ◽  
Philip I N Ulrich ◽  
Andre D Gouws
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Individuals from different social groups interpret the world in different ways. This study explores the neural basis of these group differences using a paradigm that simulates natural viewing conditions. Our aim was to determine if group differences could be found in sensory regions involved in the perception of the world or were evident in higher-level regions that are important for the interpretation of sensory information. We measured brain responses from 2 groups of football supporters, while they watched a video of matches between their teams. The time-course of response was then compared between individuals supporting the same (within-group) or the different (between-group) team. We found high intersubject correlations in low-level and high-level regions of the visual brain. However, these regions of the brain did not show any group differences. Regions that showed higher correlations for individuals from the same group were found in a network of frontal and subcortical brain regions. The interplay between these regions suggests a range of cognitive processes from motor control to social cognition and reward are important in the establishment of social groups. These results suggest that group differences are primarily reflected in regions involved in the evaluation and interpretation of the sensory input.

scholarly journals Factors determining learners’ acceptance of Facebook in a higher education classroom

2014 ◽  
pp. 316-331 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
The World ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Instructor Characteristics

Online social networks have become popular tools for facilitating social connections and communication in the world society. The literature demonstrates clear benefits of social networks in encouraging informal learning, linking learners, and enhancing classroom experiences. The main goal of this paper is to find antecedents and consequences of the adoption of Facebook in the classroom of a university in Thailand. The findings revealed that students’ perceived usefulness and ease of use and instructor characteristics significantly drive students’ intention to adopt Facebook.

scholarly journals Germs, Social Networks and Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fogli ◽  
Laura Veldkamp
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
High Diffusion ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Diffusion Networks

Abstract Does the pattern of social connections between individuals matter for macroeconomic outcomes? If so, where do differences in these patterns come from and how large are their effects? Using network analysis tools, we explore how different social network structures affect technology diffusion and thereby a country’s rate of growth. The correlation between high-diffusion networks and income is strongly positive. But when we use a model to isolate the effect of a change in social networks on growth, the effect can be positive, negative, or zero. The reason is that networks diffuse both ideas and disease. Low-diffusion networks have evolved in countries where disease is prevalent because limited connectivity protects residents from epidemics. But a low-diffusion network in a low-disease environment compromises the diffusion of good ideas. In general, social networks have evolved to fit their economic and epidemiological environment. Trying to change networks in one country to mimic those in a higher-income country may well be counterproductive.

Data Mining for Social Network Analysis Using a CLIQUE Algorithm

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-187
Author(s):  
Phu Ngoc Vo ◽  
Tran Vo Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Clique Algorithm

Many different areas of computer science have been developed for many years in the world. Data mining is one of the fields which many algorithms, methods, and models have been built and applied to many commercial applications and research successfully. Many social networks have been invested and developed in the strongest way for the recent years in the world because they have had many big benefits as follows: they have been used by lots of users in the world and they have been applied to many business fields successfully. Thus, a lot of different techniques for the social networks have been generated. Unsurprisingly, the social network analysis is crucial at the present time in the world. To support this process, in this book chapter we have presented many simple concepts about data mining and social networking. In addition, we have also displayed a novel model of the data mining for the social network analysis using a CLIQUE algorithm successfully.

scholarly journals Common Brain Regions with Distinct Patterns of Neural Responses during Mentalizing about Groups and Individuals

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1406-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Contreras ◽  
Jessica Schirmer ◽  
Mahzarin R. Banaji ◽  
Jason P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

An individual has a mind; a group does not. Yet humans routinely endow groups with mental states irreducible to any of their members (e.g., “scientists hope to understand every aspect of nature”). But are these mental states categorically similar to those we attribute to individuals? In two fMRI experiments, we tested this question against a set of brain regions that are consistently associated with social cognition—medial pFC, anterior temporal lobe, TPJ, and medial parietal cortex. Participants alternately answered questions about the mental states and physical attributes of individual people and groups. Regions previously associated with mentalizing about individuals were also robustly responsive to judgments of groups, suggesting that perceivers deploy the same social-cognitive processes when thinking about the mind of an individual and the “mind” of a group. However, multivariate searchlight analysis revealed that several of these regions showed distinct multivoxel patterns of response to groups and individual people, suggesting that perceivers maintain distinct representations of groups and individuals during mental state inferences. These findings suggest that perceivers mentalize about groups in a manner qualitatively similar to mentalizing about individual people, but that the brain nevertheless maintains important distinctions between the representations of such entities.

scholarly journals Extraction Patterns to Derive Social Networks from Linked Open Data Using SPARQL

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raji Ghawi ◽  
Jürgen Pfeffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Resource Description

Linked Open Data (LOD) refers to freely available data on the World Wide Web that are typically represented using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and standards built on it. LOD is an invaluable resource of information due to its richness and openness, which create new opportunities for many areas of application. In this paper, we address the exploitation of LOD by utilizing SPARQL queries in order to extract social networks among entities. This enables the application of de-facto techniques from Social Network Analysis (SNA) to study social relations and interactions among entities, providing deep insights into their latent social structure.

scholarly journals ANALISIS JARINGAN TRANSFER PEMAIN BOLA MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS (STUDI KASUS : LIGA SPANYOL (LA LIGA) TAHUN 2015 – 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Ni Made Distiara Landephy Aryashila ◽  
Silvyana Nur Haliza ◽  
Naufal Farras Maulana ◽  
Doni Achmad Heniawan ◽  
Yudianto Yudianto
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Players

Football is a popular sport that is loved by a lot of society in the world, ranging from children to adult is very enthusiastic when discussing about soccer. The process of buying and transferring players is one element that can’t be separated in football, this process is done to improve performance and replace players who move to other clubs. Spanish league or known as La Liga is one of the major league that often transfers player, information regarding player transfers and the club itself can be seen in each season on the website transfermarkt.com. In this study we chose the Spanish League as an object of research, we use the Social Network Analysis Basic Concept technique to determine the key players of each club and players in the Spanish League in the 2015-2020 period by analyzing degree centrality, closeness centrality, dan betweenness centrality. the results of this study were displayed  Sevilla FC as a club key player, and Juanfran as a key player player

scholarly journals Sosyal Ağlarda Çokkültürlülük Üzerine İnceleme: Youtube Tepki Videoları

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 681-702
Author(s):  
Cansu YÜCEL ◽  
Ümit Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Musical Genres ◽  
Different Cultures

Analysis of Social Networks on Multiculturalism: Youtube Reaction Videos Abstract Multiculturalism is one of the most important concepts brought about by the disappearance of borders in the geographical and cultural areas, the acceleration of mobility and information flow in the international arena, and especially in the 20th century. The concept of multiculturalism, which has the ideals of preventing racism and discrimination, increasing tolerance and sensitivity towards differences and providing intercultural interaction, has been moved to a different dimension at the point where today's world has come. Multiculturalism serves cultural processes by gaining meaning in internet environments as a field that allows cultural construction processes to take place. The study aims to contribute to the definition of the concept of multiculturalism at the level of state policies as well as its definition in the digital field. In this direction, it is aimed to reveal the contribution of multiculturalism with examples via YouTube, one of the most used social networks worldwide. On YouTube, the channel containing the reactions of a user of different cultures by watching Turkish music videos and examples from this channel were analyzed using content analysis method. Structured Abstract: The most common interpretation of globalization is the idea that the world has become more homogeneous and standardized through a technological, commercial and cultural synchronization spreading from the West, and that globalization is connected with modernity. Globalization, which is frequently discussed today, is a comprehensive concept that is based on geographical discoveries and extends to the state it has taken under the influence of today's technological developments. In today's world, globalization has turned into a way of life and has become the normal of our daily lives. Globalization in general; the disappearance of national borders, allowing the free movement of goods, services and cultures around the world. Robertson says that globalization is centered around two main orientations. While the first refers to economic interdependence, the other refers to the globalization of institutions, communities and practices (2013: 136). Globalization includes several dimensions. The cultural dimension is among the most important of these. The cultural dimension of globalization can be considered within the scope of transportation, communication and communication as a result of its economic basis. The fact that different parts of the world are in contact with economic purposes has allowed different cultures to get to know each other, and cultures that include small groups to be noticed. Intercultural interaction has reached a high level with digital communication channels. The cultural dimension of globalization has led to the emergence of various concepts. Multiculturalism is one of these concepts. Multiculturalism, as a system of thought, defines the fair promotion of different cultures in the public sphere and the peaceful coexistence of different cultural communities within the same political organization (Dotycheva, 2009:12). In the digital age we live in, every field has a multicultural structure. The fact that communication tools enable universal communication has led to the emergence of social networks. The borderless structure of social networks directly serves multiculturalism. Youtube, chosen as the subject of analysis of the study, is a social network that is visited and content is produced by millions of people around the world. Cultural content is also produced on YouTube, where all kinds of videos can be shared. It allows a culture to introduce itself and spread it from various aspects. It does this effectively with the power of visuality. By accessing the content on this network from all over the world, it is possible to watch videos, obtain information, give feedback and contribute to the expansion of the content by producing. YouTube's “Kingdom of Luke” channel, chosen as the field of study, shows its experiences about different cultures by watching music clips from different countries. While creating content, it does a preliminary research about the video to watch instead of just watching. Considering the five videos selected as a sample, 60% of the videos explain the content and give information about the song. It gives information about the song genre in 40% of the videos. Explains the musical genres that have their own characteristics as “anthem” and “folk song” and indicates their characteristics. The channel owner gives information about the singers in 100% of the videos. Explain what kind of music the singers make, their life, their place and importance in Turkish music. In this way, he gets information about the culture he is foreign to through the artists. It gives historical information on 60% of the pieces. The channel owner makes inferences about culture in 60% of the videos he examines. All of these videos are pieces with historical content. He states that as a result of his viewing experience, he was influenced by pieces with historical content and shared a sense of victory and struggle. This shows that even though it is experienced by different societies, all world rights can develop common feelings in situations such as war, destruction and victory. There are Turkish and English comments in all of the videos and in the comments under the video. This shows that besides being watched by users from Turkey, it is watched by different cultures or that users use the universal language English to appeal to all cultures. Thanks to the video content, a content producer from a different culture gained knowledge as a result of his researches and impressions about the culture he is foreign to; It has made them accessible to millions of people by publishing them on the most used video sharing site all over the world. Many people had the opportunity to access this video, and those who watched the content had the opportunity to have information about Turkish culture. These contents, which contribute to the multicultural structure in the digital field, contribute to the empathy of different cultures with each other and to develop positive thoughts about culture; It emphasizes love and respect by preventing racism and discrimination. Keywords: Social Sciences, Social Networks, Globalization, Multiculturalism, YouTube

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between social cognition and neural synchrony during movies in children with and without autism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Lyons ◽  
RA Stevenson ◽  
AM Owen ◽  
B Stojanoski
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
The World ◽  
Marked Deficit ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractChildren who have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show a marked deficit in measures of social cognition. In autistic adults, measures of social cognition have been shown to relate to differences in brain synchronization (as measured by fMRI) when individuals are processing naturalistic stimuli, such as movies. However, whether children with social impairments, with or without a diagnosis of ASD, differ in their neural responses to movies has not yet been investigated. In the current study, neural synchrony, measured using fMRI, was examined in three groups of children aged 7 to 12, who differed with respect to scores on a measure of autistic traits associated with social impairment and whether or not they had been diagnosed with ASD. While watching the movie ‘Despicable Me’, those diagnosed with ASD had significantly less neural synchrony in areas that have been previously shown to be associated with social cognition (e.g. areas related to ‘theory of mind’), and plot following (e.g. the lateral prefrontal cortex), than those who did not have an ASD diagnosis. In contrast, two groups who differed in their degree of social impairment, but did not have a diagnosis of ASD, showed no significant differences in neural synchrony across the whole brain. These results shed some light on how autistic traits may contribute to an individual’s conscious experience of the world, and how, for children with ASD, that experience may differ markedly from that of those without ASD.

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