Can Mouse-tracking Reveal Attribute Processing Speeds in Dietary Self-control? Commentary on Sullivan et al. (2015) and Lim et al. (2018) with A Simulation Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Martijn Willemsen ◽  
Daniel Lakens
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Speed Difference ◽  
Original Hypothesis

In this commentary, we re-examine the use of a mouse-tracking method for revealing attribute processing speed difference in dietary self-control (Sullivan et al. 2015; Lim et al., 2018). Through re-analyses of Sullivan et al. (2015)’s data and a simulation study, it can be shown that the attribute-angle correlations in the empirical data, which were used to estimate processing speeds, are attributed primarily to their common correlations with choice. The simulation study further suggests that when we account for the choice-mediated attribute-angle correlations, the data patterns used for supporting the original hypothesis can be produced by implementing a plausible alternative mechanism unrelated to processing speeds. The mouse-tracking method therefore fails to provide clear evidence for processing speed difference as a cognitive mechanism of self-control. Researchers should be cautious when using the mouse-tracking method to estimate attribute processing speeds.

Healthy eating decisions require efficient dietary self-control in children: A mouse-tracking food decision study

Appetite ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oh-Ryeong Ha ◽  
Amanda S. Bruce ◽  
Stephen W. Pruitt ◽  
J. Bradley C. Cherry ◽  
T. Ryan Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mouse Tracking

scholarly journals Seven rules for simulations in paleobiology

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Barido-Sottani ◽  
Erin E. Saupe ◽  
Tara M. Smiley ◽  
Laura C. Soul ◽  
April M. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
The Way

AbstractSimulations are playing an increasingly important role in paleobiology. When designing a simulation study, many decisions have to be made and common challenges will be encountered along the way. Here, we outline seven rules for executing a good simulation study. We cover topics including the choice of study question, the empirical data used as a basis for the study, statistical and methodological concerns, how to validate the study, and how to ensure it can be reproduced and extended by others. We hope that these rules and the accompanying examples will guide paleobiologists when using simulation tools to address fundamental questions about the evolution of life.

scholarly journals Eat Now or Later: Self-Control as an Overlapping Cognitive Mechanism of Depression and Obesity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0123136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Privitera ◽  
Hannah K. McGrath ◽  
Brittany A. Windus ◽  
P. Murali Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism

Seller-induced scarcity and price-leadership

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafay Ishfaq ◽  
Uzma Raja ◽  
Shashank Rao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Process Model ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Product Returns ◽  
Price Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Product ◽  
Internet Retail

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the interaction between inventory availability (scarcity) and pricing levels (price-leadership (PL)), and its effect on product returns in the internet retail supply chain. Specifically, this paper investigates how supply chain managers can use inventory (seller-induced scarcity) and pricing (PL) levers to control product returns. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical data of sales and product returns from an internet retailer is analyzed to identify the scale of the effect that product scarcity and PL has on product returns. These factors are considered in developing a sales-return process model which is used with empirical data in a simulation study. The study evaluates changes in product returns for different policy settings related to PL and inventory levels. Findings of the simulation study are validated using statistical analysis of empirical data. Findings – PL and seller-induced product scarcity affect the rate of product returns; however, the scale of this effect depends on inventory and pricing decisions. The results identify an inflection boundary based on scarcity and PL levels which reverses this effect. This reversal is explained by underlying principles at play regarding buyers’ valuation of the sale and corresponding product attributes. Practical implications – Supply chain managers in internet retail can leverage lower inventory under the seller-induced scarcity approach to improve revenues. However, reducing inventory levels beyond a threshold is counterproductive, due to an associated increase in product returns. Similarly, setting market competitive prices (PL) can help reduce product returns. Under the seller-induced scarcity condition, this effect is reversed for inventory levels below a threshold. Retailers can implement the methodology developed in this paper to identify the inventory-price threshold that can help increase revenues while keeping the rate of product returns at a manageable level. Originality/value – This research extends prior work regarding the role of product scarcity and pricing on product returns and develops a deeper understanding of how these factors can be managed to control product returns in the internet retail setting.

scholarly journals Interaction of Impulsivity, Attention, and Intelligence in Early Adolescents Born Preterm without Sequelae

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9043
Author(s):  
Rocío Galán-Megías ◽  
María Dolores Lanzarote-Fernández ◽  
Javier Casanovas-Lax ◽  
Eva María Padilla-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Attention Skills

There is insufficient evidence on the intellectual and attentional profile of adolescents born prematurely. Aim: to identify maladjustment in intellectual and attention skills at the beginning of secondary school. Method: 69 premature 12-year-old adolescents were evaluated with the WISC, d2 Test of Attention, and Test of Perception of Differences-Revised (CARAS-R). Results: adolescents present intellectual and attention abilities in the normal range. However, all premature adolescents show difficulties in impulse control and female adolescents are better in processing speed. Depending on the category of prematurity, differences in attention skills are evident. Conclusion: adolescents born prematurely without associated sequelae have significantly lower performance in the same areas than the normative group. This could affect the cognitive control of their behavior and academic performance in the medium and long term. Great prematurity could interfere with attention skills and self-control even at the age of 12, especially in males.

The EV Scaling Method for Variances of Latent Variables

Methodology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Karl Schweizer ◽  
Stefan Troche
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Factor Loadings ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Variance Parameters ◽  
Second Procedure ◽  
Estimation Of Variance

Abstract. The paper describes EV scaling for variances of latent variables included in confirmatory factor models. EV-scaled variances can be achieved in two ways: the estimation of variance parameters based on adjusted factor loadings and alternatively the summation of squared factor loadings obtained under the condition that the variance parameter is set equal to one. By definition, the second procedure yields values that are always positive. EV-scaled variances of latent variables show sizes similar to eigenvalues. The outcome of applying this scaling method is demonstrated in empirical data. The results of a simulation study reveal that the outcomes of the two ways virtually always correspond if the data are generated to include the contribution of a latent source. If there is no such source, the exclusion of solutions with negative error variances virtually always leads to correspondence.

scholarly journals The effect of schooling on basic cognition in selected nordic countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Jonsson ◽  
Maria Waling ◽  
Anna S. Olafsdottir ◽  
Hanna Lagström ◽  
Hege Wergedahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Schooling Effects ◽  
Basic Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Data

The present study investigated schooling effects on cognition. Cognitive data were collected as part of a research project (ProMeal) that investigated school meals and measured the intake of school lunch in relation to children’s health, cognitive function, and classroom learning in four Nordic countries, among children between 10–11 years of age. It was found that Finnish pupils attending 4th grade were not, on any measure, outperformed by Norwegian and Icelandic pupils attending 5th and Swedish pupils attending 4th grade on a task measuring working memory capacity, processing speed, inhibition, and in a subsample on response- and attention control. Moreover, boys were found to perform superior to girls on tasks measuring processing speed. However, girls were found to perform better on tasks related to attention and self-control. The results are discussed in relation to the reciprocal association between cognition and schooling and whether these results reflect quality differences between schools in the four Nordic countries; most notably in comparison to Finland.

scholarly journals A Guide for Sparse PCA: Model Comparison and Applications

Psychometrika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosember Guerra-Urzola ◽  
Katrijn Van Deun ◽  
Juan C. Vera ◽  
Klaas Sijtsma
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Population Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Sparse Pca ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
And Performance

AbstractPCA is a popular tool for exploring and summarizing multivariate data, especially those consisting of many variables. PCA, however, is often not simple to interpret, as the components are a linear combination of the variables. To address this issue, numerous methods have been proposed to sparsify the nonzero coefficients in the components, including rotation-thresholding methods and, more recently, PCA methods subject to sparsity inducing penalties or constraints. Here, we offer guidelines on how to choose among the different sparse PCA methods. Current literature misses clear guidance on the properties and performance of the different sparse PCA methods, often relying on the misconception that the equivalence of the formulations for ordinary PCA also holds for sparse PCA. To guide potential users of sparse PCA methods, we first discuss several popular sparse PCA methods in terms of where the sparseness is imposed on the loadings or on the weights, assumed model, and optimization criterion used to impose sparseness. Second, using an extensive simulation study, we assess each of these methods by means of performance measures such as squared relative error, misidentification rate, and percentage of explained variance for several data generating models and conditions for the population model. Finally, two examples using empirical data are considered.

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