scholarly journals Eliciting false insights with semantic priming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Jane Grimmer ◽  
Ruben Laukkonen ◽  
Jason Marcus Tangen ◽  
Bill von Hippel
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Total N ◽  
False Idea

The insight experience (or ‘Aha moment’) generally evokes strong feelings of certainty and confidence. An ‘Aha’ experience for a false idea could underlie many false beliefs and delusions. However, for as long as insight experiences have been studied, false insights have remained difficult to elicit experimentally. That difficulty, in turn, highlights the fact that we know little about what causes people to experience a false insight. Across two experiments (total N=300), we developed and tested a new paradigm to elicit false insights. In Experiment 1 we used a combination of semantic priming and visual similarity to elicit feelings of insight for incorrect solutions to anagrams. These false insights were relatively common but were experienced as weaker than correct ones. In Experiment 2 we replicated the findings of Experiment 1 and found that semantic priming had a greater impact than visual similarity on false insights, although the combination of the two manipulations produced the strongest effect. These studies highlight the importance of misleading semantic processing in the generation of false insights.

scholarly journals Studies on semantic priming effects in right hemisphere stroke: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Juliana de Lima Müller ◽  
Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

ABSTRACT The role of the right cerebral hemisphere (RH) associated with semantic priming effects (SPEs) must be better understood, since the consequences of RH damage on SPE are not yet well established. Objective: The aim of this article was to investigate studies analyzing SPEs in patients affected by stroke in the RH through a systematic review, verifying whether there are deficits in SPEs, and whether performance varies depending on the type of semantic processing evaluated or stimulus in the task. Methods: A search was conducted on the LILACS, PUBMED and PSYCINFO databases. Results: Out of the initial 27 studies identified, 11 remained in the review. Difficulties in SPEs were shown in five studies. Performance does not seem to vary depending on the type of processing, but on the type of stimulus used. Conclusion: This ability should be evaluated in individuals that have suffered a stroke in the RH in order to provide treatments that will contribute to their recovery.

Semantic Priming in Monolingual Russian and Bilingual Russian (L1)-English (L2) Speakers in a Single Word Naming Task

2022 ◽  
pp. 270-289
Author(s):  
Evgenia Volkovyskaya ◽  
Ilhan Raman ◽  
Bahman Baluch
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
L2 Speaking ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
L1 English

Identifying and exploring factors that influence bilingual language processing has been the topic of much psycholinguistic research. Semantic priming is typically used to examine semantic processing and refers to the phenomenon in which semantically related items (doctor-nurse) are processed faster and more accurately than semantically unrelated items (doctor-butter). The aim of the chapter is to address two key questions: 1) how the two languages of a bilingual are organised or stored and 2) how the two languages are processed. A review of the literature shows that there are currently no theoretical frameworks that explain Russian monolingual or Russian (L1)-English (L2) bilingual storage or processing. Monolingual Russian speakers and bilingual Russian (L1)-English (L2) speaking university students were asked to name target words under related or unrelated conditions. The results show that the magnitude of the semantic priming effect was determined by L2 proficiency. The implications for these findings is discussed within the current bilingual theoretical models.

scholarly journals The basal ganglia and semantic engagement: Potential insights from semantic priming in individuals with subcortical vascular lesions, Parkinson's disease, and cortical lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID COPLAND
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prime Target

The impact of basal ganglia dysfunction on semantic processing was investigated by comparing the performance of individuals with nonthalamic subcortical (NS) vascular lesions, Parkinson's disease (PD), cortical lesions, and matched controls on a semantic priming task. Unequibiased lexical ambiguity primes were used in auditory prime-target pairs comprising 4 critical conditions; dominant related (e.g., bank–money), subordinate related (e.g., bank–river), dominant unrelated (e.g., foot–money) and subordinate unrelated (e.g., bat–river). Participants made speeded lexical decisions (word/nonword) on targets using a go–no-go response. When a short prime–target interstimulus interval (ISI) of 200 ms was employed, all groups demonstrated priming for dominant and subordinate conditions, indicating nonselective meaning facilitation and intact automatic lexical processing. Differences emerged at the long ISI (1250 ms), where control and cortical lesion participants evidenced selective facilitation of the dominant meaning, whereas NS and PD groups demonstrated a protracted period of nonselective meaning facilitation. This finding suggests a circumscribed deficit in the selective attentional engagement of the semantic network on the basis of meaning frequency, possibly implicating a disturbance of frontal–subcortical systems influencing inhibitory semantic mechanisms. (JINS, 2003, 9, 1041–1052.)

Lateralised semantic and indirect semantic priming effects in people with schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Weisbrod ◽  
Sabine Maier ◽  
Sabine Harig ◽  
Ulrike Himmelsbach ◽  
Manfred Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Semantic Associations ◽  
The Right

BackgroundIn schizophrenia, disturbances in the development of physiological hemisphere asymmetry are assumed to play a pathogenetic role. The most striking difference between hemispheres is in language processing. The left hemisphere is superior in the use of syntactic or semantic information, whereas the right hemisphere uses contextual information more effectively.MethodUsing psycholinguistic experimental techniques, semantic associations were examined in 38 control subjects, 24 non-thought-disordered and 16 thought-disordered people with schizophrenia, for both hemispheres separately.ResultsDirect semantic priming did not differ between the hemispheres in any of the groups. Only thought-disordered people showed significant indirect semantic priming in the left hemisphere.ConclusionsThe results support: (a) a prominent role of the right hemisphere for remote associations; (b) enhanced spreading of semantic associations in thought-disordered subjects; and (c) disorganisation of the functional asymmetry of semantic processing in thought-disordered subjects.

scholarly journals Similar and distinct neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming in the languages of the French–Spanish bilingual children

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUAH SIRRI ◽  
PIA RÄMÄ
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Old French ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Negativity ◽  
Target Words

Recent evidence demonstrates that lexical-semantic connections emerge over the second year of life for monolingual children. Yet, little is known about the developing lexical-semantic organization of children acquiring two languages simultaneously. Two- to 4 year-old French–Spanish bilingual children completed a within-language auditory semantic priming task in both of their languages, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The results revealed that bilingual children exhibited sensitivity to taxonomic relationships between words in each of their languages, but the pattern of brain activity varied across the dominant (DL) and the non-dominant (NDL) languages. While the N2 occurred for both languages, the N400 appeared for target words in the DL only and the late anterior negativity for target words in the NDL only. These findings indicate that words are organized taxonomically in the bilinguals’ lexicons. However, the patterns of brain activity suggest that common and distinct neural resources underlie lexical-semantic processing in each language.

scholarly journals Semantic priming in the prime task effect: Evidence of automatic semantic processing of distractors

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Marí-Beffa ◽  
Luis J. Fuentes ◽  
Andrés Catena ◽  
George Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Prime Task ◽  
Task Effect

scholarly journals Semantic Processing and Orthographic Specificity in Hemispatial Neglect

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina McGlinchey-Berroth ◽  
William P. Milberg ◽  
Mieke Verfaellie ◽  
Laura Grande ◽  
Mark D'Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Priming Task

Two sets of experiments, each consisting of a semantic priming task and a discrimination task, investigated the proceedings of lexical information in the neglected visual field. In the semantic priming task, subjects made lexical decisions to target words preceded by lateralized word primes; in the discrimination task, they indicated which of two words corresponded to a target word presented to the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF). The first set of experiments indicated that although patients were unable to discriminate words presented in the LVF, they showed significant priming when LVF primes were followed by semantically related targets compared to unrelated targets. The second set of experiments further examined the nature of this priming effect by comparing priming in a condition in which primes were semantically related to the target word (e.g., TEA-CUP) and a condition in which primes were unrelated to the target word, but orthographically similar to a related prime (e.g., PEA-CUP). This experiment replicated the previously established semantic priming effects and demonstrated significant negative priming for targets preceded by LVF primes that were orthographically similar to a semantically related word. Again, patients performed at chance in the forced-choice discrimination task when targets were presented in the LVF These findings indicate that semantic processing of neglected lexical information is based on fully specified perceptual and orthographic information. A lateral inhibitory mechanism is proposed that maximizes the probability, albeit unsuccessfully, that neglected orthographic information will reach awareness.

Observing functional actions affects semantic processing of tools: evidence of a motor-to-semantic priming

2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco De Bellis ◽  
Antonia Ferrara ◽  
Domenico Errico ◽  
Francesco Panico ◽  
Laura Sagliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Functional Actions
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