Liberals=Black? Racially Ambiguous People’s Beliefs Determine Others’ Perceptions of Their Racial Identity and Racial Phenotype
As the multiracial population continues to grow, the boundaries between different racial groups are becoming increasingly ambiguous. Yet, we might still spontaneously identify racially ambiguous people as Black or White, and treat them differently as a result. This paper identifies a novel variable that determines our identification of someone’s race—the person’s political values and beliefs (i.e., ideology). Six experiments (five pre-registered) with 3369 participants show that we perceive racially ambiguous people more likely to be Black, and, in most cases, to have darker skin color, if they are liberal than if they are conservative. The effects most likely reflect a motivated social perception, as opposed to a motivated memory recall, and the effects are stronger for people who believe in the White=conservative and Black=liberal stereotypes. Together, the current studies reveal a novel cause of our perceptions about race and skin color, suggesting that our values and beliefs can literally change how we look in the eye of others.