scholarly journals Subjective SES is associated with children’s neurophysiological response to auditory oddballs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Leslie Anwyl-Irvine ◽  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Andrew Quinn ◽  
Amy Johnson ◽  
Duncan Astle
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
N200 Component ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

Phonological skills are important for language and reading acquisition. All three of these skills are associated across the lifespan with a child’s socioeconomic environment (i.e. SES). There are a large number of potential mechanisms that might explain SES associations with these processes. We explore one potential mechanism – that a child’s SES is associated with the discrimination of word-like sounds, i.e. phonological processing. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from a sample of 73 children, recorded during a passive auditory oddball task containing with word and non-word deviants, were used to test where and when any association may occur. We also investigate associations between cognition and attainment and this neurophysiological response. We identified evoked differences between word and non-word deviant tones at an early n200 component (likely representing early sensory processing) and later p300 component (likely representing attentional and/or semantic processing). Subjective SES was convincingly associated with later responses, but there were no significant associations with equivalised income. A child’s educational attainment was also significantly associated with the later component. This suggests that both the educational attainment of children, and their socioeconomic environment as rated by their parents, are significantly associated with underlying phonological detection skills, but likely at a later time-point, associated with semantic and attentional processes, rather than earlier sensory processing. Moreover, household income per se is not significantly associated with these skills.

scholarly journals Subjective SES is associated with children’s neurophysiological response to auditory oddballs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L Anwyl-Irvine ◽  
Edwin S Dalmaijer ◽  
Andrew Quinn ◽  
Amy Johnson ◽  
Duncan E Astle
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
N200 Component ◽  
Subjective Ses

Abstract Language and reading acquisition are strongly associated with a child’s socioeconomic environment (SES). There are a number of potential explanations for this relationship. We explore one potential explanation—a child’s SES is associated with how children discriminate word-like sounds (i.e., phonological processing), a foundational skill for reading acquisition. Magnetoencephalography data from a sample of 71 children (aged 6 years 11 months—12 years 3 months), during a passive auditory oddball task containing word and non-word deviants, were used to test where (which sensors) and when (at what time) any association may occur. We also investigated associations between cognition, education, and this neurophysiological response. We report differences in the neural processing of word and non-word deviant tones at an early N200 component (likely representing early sensory processing) and a later P300 component (likely representing attentional and/or semantic processing). More interestingly we found Parental Subjective SES (the parents rating of their own relative affluence) was convincingly associated with later responses, but there were no significant associations with equivalised income. This suggests that the socioeconomic environment as rated by their parents, is associated with underlying phonological detection skills. Furthermore, this correlation likely occurs at a later time-point in information processing, associated with semantic and attentional processes. In contrast, household income is not significantly associated with these skills. One possibility is that the subjective assessment of SES is more impactful on neural mechanisms of phonological processing than the less complex and more objective measure of household income.

scholarly journals The effect of background speech on attentive sound processing: A pupil dilation study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Ríos López ◽  
Andreas Widmann ◽  
Aurélie Bidet-Caulet ◽  
Nicole Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Duration Discrimination ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Sound Duration ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task ◽  
Focal Task

Everyday cognitive tasks are rarely performed in a quiet environment. Quite on the contrary, very diverse surrounding acoustic signals such as speech can involuntarily deviate our attention from the task at hand. Despite its tight relation to attentional processes, pupillometry remained a rather unexploited method to measure attention allocation towards irrelevant speech. In the present study, we registered changes in pupil diameter size to quantify the effect of meaningfulness of background speech upon performance in an attentional task. We recruited 41 native German speakers who had neither received formal instruction in French nor had extensive informal contact with this language. The focal task consisted of an auditory oddball task. Participants performed an animal sound duration discrimination task containing frequently repeated standard sounds and rarely presented deviant sounds while a story was read in German or (non-meaningful) French in the background. Our results revealed that, whereas effects of language meaningfulness on attention were not detectable at the behavioural level, participants’ pupil dilated more in response to the sounds of the auditory task when background speech was played in non-meaningful French compared to German, independent of sound type. This could suggest that semantic processing of the native language required attentional resources, which lead to fewer resources devoted to the processing of the sounds of the focal task. Our results highlight the potential of the pupil dilation response for the investigation of subtle cognitive processes that might not surface when only behaviour is measured.

scholarly journals A ride in the park: Cycling in different outdoor environments modulates the auditory evoked potentials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. M. Scanlon ◽  
Eden X. Redman ◽  
Jonathan W. P. Kuziek ◽  
Kyle E. Mathewson
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Sound Processing ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Auditory Erps ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of environmental sounds on ERPs during an auditory task, by having participants perform the same dual task in two different outdoor environments. Participants performed an auditory oddball task while cycling outside both in a quiet park and near a noisy roadway. While biking near the roadway, an increased N1 amplitude was observed when evoked by both standard and target tones. This may be due to attentional processes of enhancing sound processing in the noisier environment. No behavioural differences were found. Future directions include investigating auditory ERPs in more realistic studies outside of laboratory.

Improved incidental memory with nicotine after semantic processing, but not after phonological processing

2001 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Warburton ◽  
Abigail Skinner ◽  
Christopher D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Incidental Memory

scholarly journals Monitoring Migraine Cycle Dynamics with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Marker—A Pilot Study

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goded Shahaf ◽  
Pora Kuperman ◽  
Yuval Bloch ◽  
Shahak Yariv ◽  
Yelena Granovsky
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task ◽  
The Brain

Migraine attacks can cause significant discomfort and reduced functioning for days at a time, including the pre-ictal and post-ictal periods. During the inter-ictsal period, however, migraineurs seem to function normally. It is puzzling, therefore, that event-related potentials of migraine patients often differ in the asymptomatic and inter-ictal period. Part of the electrophysiological dynamics demonstrated in the migraine cycle are attention related. In this pilot study we evaluated an easy-to-use new marker, the Brain Engagement Index (BEI), for attention monitoring during the migraine cycle. We sampled 12 migraine patients for 20 days within one calendar month. Each session consisted of subjects’ reports of stress level and migraine-related symptoms, and a 5 min EEG recording, with a 2-electrode EEG device, during an auditory oddball task. The first minute of the EEG sample was analyzed. Repetitive samples were also obtained from 10 healthy controls. The brain engagement index increased significantly during the pre-ictal (p ≈ 0.001) and the ictal (p ≈ 0.020) periods compared with the inter-ictal period. No difference was observed between the pre-ictal and ictal periods. Control subjects demonstrated intermediate Brain Engagement Index values, that is, higher than inter-ictal, yet lower than pre-ictal. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potential advantage of the use of a simple EEG system for improved prediction of migraine attacks. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of the Brain Engagement Index in monitoring the migraine cycle and the possible effects of interventions.

scholarly journals Changes in Event-Related Desynchronization and Synchronization during the Auditory Oddball Task in Schizophrenia Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiro Fujimoto ◽  
Eiichi Okumura ◽  
Kouzou Takeuchi ◽  
Atsushi Kodabashi ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Desynchronization ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

scholarly journals Deviants Are Detected Faster at the End of Verse-Like Sound Sequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun D. C. Arrazola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Formal Similarity ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

Songs and poems from different traditions show a striking formal similarity: lines are flexible at the beginning and get more regular toward the end. This suggests that the free-beginning/strict-end pattern stems from a cognitive bias shared among humans. We propose that this is due to an increased sensitivity to deviants later in the line, resulting from a prediction-driven attention increase disrupted by line breaks. The study tests this hypothesis using an auditory oddball task where drum strokes are presented in sequences of eight, mimicking syllables in song or poem lines. We find that deviant strokes occurring later in the line are detected faster, mirroring the lower occurrence of deviant syllables toward the end of verse lines.

scholarly journals Early Phonological Neural Specialization Predicts Later Growth in Word Reading Skills

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna L. Yamasaki ◽  
Karla Kay McGregor ◽  
James R. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Reading Growth ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

According to the Interactive Specialization Theory, cognitive skill development is facilitated by a process of neural specialization. In line with this theory, the current study investigated whether neural specialization for phonological and semantic processing at 5-to-6 years old was predictive of growth in word reading skills from 5-to-8 years old. Specifically, four regression models were estimated in which reading growth was predicted from: (1) an intercept-only model, (2) measures of semantic and phonological neural specialization, (3) performance on semantic and phonological behavioral tasks, or (4) a combination of neural specialization and behavioral performance. Results from the preregistered analyses revealed little evidence in favor of the hypothesis that early semantic and phonological skills predict growth in reading. However, results from the exploratory analyses, which included a larger sample, focused exclusively on the phonological predictors, and investigated relative growth in reading, demonstrated strong evidence that variability in phonological processing is predictive of growth in word reading skills. Specifically, the best fitting model included both measures of phonological neural specialization within the posterior superior temporal gyrus and performance on a phonological behavioral task. This work provides important preliminary evidence in favor of the Interactive Specialization Theory and, more specifically, for the role of phonological neural specialization in the development of early word reading skills.

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