Chromosomal map location of a determinant affecting [alpha]-hemolysin production in Staphylococcus aureus

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Raymond Brown
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Chromosomal Map ◽  
Map Location

Prevalence and chromosomal map location of Staphylococcus aureus adhesin genes

Gene ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 196 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S Smeltzer ◽  
Allison F Gillaspy ◽  
Frankie L Pratt Jr ◽  
Michael D Thames ◽  
John J Iandolo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chromosomal Map ◽  
Map Location

scholarly journals Improved Protection in a Rabbit Model of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Necrotizing Pneumonia upon Neutralization of Leukocidins in Addition to Alpha-Hemolysin

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 6333-6340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh An Diep ◽  
Vien T. M. Le ◽  
Zehra C. Visram ◽  
Harald Rouha ◽  
Lukas Stulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Full Protection

ABSTRACTCommunity-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA), especially the USA300 pulsotype, is a frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections and severe pneumonia. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, complications are common and pneumonia is associated with high mortality.S. aureusstrains express multiple cytotoxins, including alpha-hemolysin (Hla) and up to five bicomponent leukocidins that specifically target phagocytic cells for lysis. CA-MRSA USA300 strains carry the genes for all six cytotoxins. Species specificity of the leukocidins greatly contributes to the ambiguity regarding their role inS. aureuspathogenesis. We performed a comparative analysis of the leukocidin susceptibility of human, rabbit, and mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to assess the translational value of mouse and rabbitS. aureusmodels. We found that mouse PMNs were largely resistant to LukSF-PV, HlgAB, and HlgCB and susceptible only to LukED, whereas rabbit and human PMNs were highly sensitive to all these cytotoxins. In the rabbit pneumonia model with a USA300 CA-MRSA strain, passive immunization with a previously identified human monoclonal antibody (MAb), Hla-F#5, which cross-neutralizes Hla, LukSF-PV, HlgAB, HlgCB, and LukED, provided full protection, whereas an Hla-specific MAb was only partially protective. In the mouse USA300 CA-MRSA pneumonia model, both types of antibodies demonstrated full protection, suggesting that Hla, but not leukocidin(s), is the principal virulence determinant in mice. As the rabbit recapitulates the high susceptibility to leukocidins characteristic of humans, this species represents a valuable model for assessing novel, cytotoxin-targeting anti-S. aureustherapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Role of Antibodies in Protection Elicited by Active Vaccination with Genetically Inactivated Alpha Hemolysin in a Mouse Model of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Mocca ◽  
Rebecca A. Brady ◽  
Drusilla L. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Active Vaccination

ABSTRACTDue to the emergence of highly virulent community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) infections,S. aureushas become a major threat to public health. A majority of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections in the United States are caused byS. aureusUSA300 strains that are known to produce high levels of alpha hemolysin (Hla). Therefore, vaccines that contain inactivated forms of this toxin are currently being developed. In this study, we sought to determine the immune mechanisms of protection for this antigen using a vaccine composed of a genetically inactivated form of Hla (HlaH35L). Using a murine model of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), we found that BALB/c mice were protected by vaccination with HlaH35L; however, Jh mice, which are deficient in mature B lymphocytes and lack IgM and IgG in their serum, were not protected. Passive immunization with anti-HlaH35L antibodies conferred protection against bacterial colonization. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the total antibody concentration induced by active vaccination and reduced bacterial levels. Animals that developed detectable neutralizing antibody titers after active vaccination were significantly protected from infection. These data demonstrate that antibodies to Hla represent the major mechanism of protection afforded by active vaccination with inactivated Hla in this murine model of SSTI, and in this disease model, antibody levels correlate with protection. These results provide important information for the future development and evaluation ofS. aureusvaccines.

Membrane mutations and production of enterotoxin B and alpha hemolysin in Staphylococcus aureus

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Type B ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin ◽  
Osmotic Stability ◽  
Enterotoxin B

Staphylococcus aureus strain S-6, which produces enterotoxin type B (SEB), and strain 10-275, a high toxin-producing mutant derived from S-6, display pronounced differences in dye sensitivity, osmotic stability, and bacitracin sensitivity. Such characteristics are consistent with the concept that strain 10-275 is a membrane mutant of strain S-6. Some membrane mutants of S. aureus strain 14458 exhibit about two- to three-fold increases in SEB production whereas other membrane mutants show about twofold increases in α-hemolysin production. It is suggested that specific and independent membrane mutations control the secretory processes resulting in the extracellular elaboration of these exoproteins.

Sclareol Protects Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Lung Cell Injury via Inhibiting Alpha-Hemolysin Expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ouyang ◽  
Mao Sun ◽  
Xuewen He ◽  
Kaiyu Wang ◽  
Zhongqiong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Alpha Hemolysin
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