Combining Current Imaging, EBIC/EBAC, and Electrical Probing for Fast and Reliable In-Situ Electrical Fault Isolation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Kleindiek ◽  
Matthias Kemmler ◽  
Andreas Rummel ◽  
Klaus Schock
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
28 Nm

Abstract Using a compact nanoprobing setup comprising eight probe tips attached to piezo-driven micromanipulators, various techniques for fault isolation are performed on 28 nm samples inside an SEM. The recently implemented Current Imaging technique is used to quickly image large arrays of contacts providing a means of locating faults.

scholarly journals Galactography with Tomosynthesis Technique (Galactomosynthesis) – Renaissance of a Method?

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland ◽  
Caroline Preuss ◽  
Peter Fasching ◽  
Christian Loehberg ◽  
Michael Lux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
First Time

Abstract Introduction For decades, conventional galactography was the only imaging technique capable of showing the mammary ducts. Today, diagnosis is based on a multimodal concept which combines high-resolution ultrasound with magnetic resonance (MR) mammography and ductoscopy/galactoscopy and has a sensitivity and specificity of up to 95%. This study used tomosynthesis in galactography for the first time and compared the synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms generated with this technique with the images created using the established method of ductal sonography. Both methods should be able to detect invasive breast cancers and their precursors such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as well as being able to identify benign findings. Material and Methods Five patients with pathological nipple discharge were examined using ductal sonography, contrast-enhanced 3D galactography with tomosynthesis and the synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms generated with the latter method. Evaluation of the images created with the different imaging modalities was done by three investigators with varying levels of experience with complementary breast diagnostics (1, 5 and 15 years), and their evaluations were compared with the histological findings. Results All 3 investigators independently evaluated the images created with ductal sonography, contrast-enhanced 3D galactography with tomosynthesis, and generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms. Their evaluations were compared with the histopathological assessment of the surgical specimens resected from the 5 patients. There was 1 case of invasive breast cancer, 2 cases with ductal carcinoma in situ and 2 cases with benign findings. All 3 investigators made more mistakes when they used the standard imaging technique of ductal sonography to diagnose suspicious lesions than when they used contrast-enhanced galactography with tomosynthesis and the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms. Conclusion This is the first time breast tomosynthesis was used in galactography (galactomosynthesis) to create digital 3-dimensional images of suspicious findings. When used together with the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms, it could be a useful complementary procedure for the diagnosis of breast anomalies and could herald a renaissance of this method. Compared with high-resolution ductal ultrasound, the investigators achieved better results with contrast-enhanced galactography using tomosynthesis and the generated synthetic digital 2D full-field mammograms, as confirmed by histopathological findings.

Cardiac masses and potential sources of emboli

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Benyounes ◽  
Mauro Pepi ◽  
Roberta Esposito ◽  
Carmen Ginghina ◽  
Ariel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ultrasound Artefacts ◽  
Cardiac Masses

Cardiac masses are abnormal structures within or immediately adjacent to the heart. They have to be distinguished from variants of normal cardiac structures, postoperative changes, and ultrasound artefacts. These abnormal masses may be localized in the left or right heart cavities, with different clinical manifestations according to their localization. Among the abnormal cardiac masses (thrombus, vegetations, tumours), tumours are not discussed in this chapter. Echocardiography is the main but not the only imaging technique for the evaluation of cardiac masses, and is largely available. Hence, it is indicated in patients with a systemic embolic event, searching for a cardiac source embolism. When transthoracic echocardiography is negative, transoesophageal echocardiography is indicated, in cryptogenic ischaemic events (no cause found). Right heart masses are mainly responsible for pulmonary embolisms, but may be the cause of a systemic embolus, via the atrial septum. Right heart thrombi rarely form in situ, and are hence more often venous thrombi entrapped in the right heart on their way to the pulmonary arteries. Echocardiography is mandatory in the setting of pulmonary embolism.

scholarly journals Rescue of Primary Incomplete Microkeratome Flap with Secondary Femtosecond Laser Flap in LASIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
E. A. Razgulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Ablation Procedure ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Excellent Tool

For laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatments with a previous unsuccessful mechanical microkeratome-assisted surgery, some surgical protocols have been described as feasible, such as relifting of the flap or the creation of a new flap and even the change to a surface ablation procedure (photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)). This case shows the use of femtosecond technology for the creation of a secondary flap to perform LASIK in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap obtained with a mechanical microkeratome. As we were unable to characterize the interface of the first partial lamellar cut, a thick flap was planned and created using a femtosecond laser platform. As the primary cut was very thick in the nasal quadrant, a piece of loose corneal tissue appeared during flap lifting which was fitted in its position and not removed. Despite this condition and considering the regularity of the new femtosecond laser cut, the treatment was uneventful. This case report shows the relevance of a detailed corneal analysis with an advanced imaging technique before performing a secondary flap in a cornea with a primary incomplete flap. The femtosecond laser technology seems to be an excellent tool to manage such cases successfully.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional in-situ imaging of cracks in concrete using diffuse ultrasound

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Zhang ◽  
Eric Larose ◽  
Ludovic Moreau ◽  
Grégoire d’Ozouville
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Diffuse Ultrasound

Locadiff, an innovative imaging technique based on diffuse waves, has recently been developed in order to image mechanical changes in heterogeneous, geological, or man-made materials. This manuscript reports the on-site application of Locadiff to locate several pre-existing cracks on an aeronautical wind tunnel made of pre-stressed concrete. Using 32 transducers working at ultrasonic frequencies (80–220 kHz) where multiple scattering occurs, we monitor during 15 min an area of 2.5 m×2.5 m of a 35-cm-thick wall. With the wind tunnel in its routine operation, structural changes around the cracks are detected, thanks to their closing or opening due to slight pressure changes. By mapping the density of such microstructure changes in the bulk of the material, locating three pre-existing cracks is properly performed in three dimensions.

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