Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

scholarly journals Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa sebagai Solusi Mewujudkan Asas Pemeriksaan Perkara “Sederhana, Waktu Singkat dan Biaya Murah”

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syafrida Syafrida
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

AbstractBackground to the problem "Alternative Dispute Resolution" (APS) is a dispute resolution agency or dissent which is resolved through an agreement procedure by the parties carried out outside the court by means of consultation, negotiation, mediation, conciliation or expert judgment. The settlement is based on good faith by ignoring litigation settlement through the District Court which takes a long time and is expensive, bound to formal procedures that must be implemented. This certainly contradicts the principle of civil procedural law "examination is as simple as possible, short time and low cost." The method used to write this article is Library Research using secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials relating to Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS). The research is normative juridical. The conclusion is that dispute resolution through alternative dispute resolution carried out in a manner that is carried out outside the court is based on good faith to reach an agreement, mutually beneficial is to realize the principle of hearing a simple "short time and low cost." While the superiority of resolution through Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) is an examination based on the agreement of the parties, good faith, mutual benefit between the two parties, no one loses and wins, prevents hostility between the parties and closed examination.Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Examination "simple, short time and low cost"  AbstrakLatar belakang masalah Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) adalah lembaga penyelesaian sengketa atau beda pendapat yang diselesaikan melalui prosedur kesepakatan oleh para pihak dilakukan di luar pengadilan dengan cara konsultasi, negosiasi, mediasi, konsiliasi atau penilaian ahli. Penyelesaian didasarkan itikad baik dengan mengenyampingkan penyelesaian secara litigasi melalui Pengadilan Negeri yang memakan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang mahal, terikat pada prosedur yang formal yang harus dilaksanakan. Hal ini tentu bertentangan asas hukum acara perdata “pemeriksaan sesederhana mungkin, waktu singkat dan biaya murah.” Metode yang digunakan untuk menulis artikel ini adalah Penelitian Kepustakaan dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tertier yang berkaitan dengan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS). Penelitian bersifat yuridis normatif. Kesimpulannya bahwa penyelesaian sengketa melalui alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan dengan cara yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan didasarkan pada itikad baik untuk mencapai kesepakatan, saling menguntungkan adalah untuk mewujudkan asas pemeriksaan perkara “sederhana waktu singkat dan biaya murah.” Sedang keunggulan penyelesaian melalui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) adalah pemeriksaan didasarkan kesepakatan para pihak, itikad baik, saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak, tidak ada pihak yang kalah dan menang, mencegah permusuhan diantara para pihak dan pemeriksaan tertutup.Kata Kunci: Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, Pemeriksaan “sederhana, waktu singkat dan biaya murah”

scholarly journals Color Grading Systems to Classify Ripeness of Apple Mango Fruit

Jurnal INFORM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Yanuar Risah Prayogi ◽  
Saiful Nur Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Color Grading ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Harvesting of apple mangoes fruit that simultaneously causes not all apple mango fruits are harvested ripe. Farmers should sort the apple mango manually. So, harvesting in large quantities will take a long time. There are several obstacles to sort the apple mango fruit manually. It needs skills and experiences to sort the apple mangoes fruit and it needs many workers. In addition, when the apple mango is ripe and not immediately sorted, it will be too ripe and decayed, so cause losses. Previous research has already made the apple mango classification system mango level but required an expensive tool and take a long time to process one apple mango. This research proposes a new strategy to measure the ripeness level of apple mango fruit, especially apple mango at low cost, without the expensive device and takes a short time based on the apple mango skin color region using the feed-forward neural network. The test used 214 images consisting of 4 classes. Validation test using k-fold of 7, 9, and 11 with an average accuracy of 90.61%, 91.41%, and 90.82%. Highest accuracy with a value of 91.41% on k-fold 9 while at k-fold 11 accuracy is lower but has the least standard deviation value. A small standard deviation means that the accuracy is more stable than others

Short-Time Tests for Long-Time Endurance

1923 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
J. W. Harsch
Keyword(s):  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Effect of Vial shaking on Loading Time of Epirubicin into Drug-Eluting Bead

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Yusuke Kawamura ◽  
Masahiro Kobayashi ◽  
Taito Fukushima ◽  
Yushi Sorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Vortex Mixer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Short Time

Background: Although DC Bead has been useful in treatment of multiple and large hepatocellular carcinoma, loading time of doxorubicin into the DC Bead takes a long time of 30-120 minutes. Epirubicin is also used as an antitumor agent together with DC Bead, but its loading efficiency was not sufficiently elucidated. Methods: To shorten loading time of epirubicin into DC Bead (100-300µm, 300-500µm, 500-700µm), we examined the following three methods after mixing the drug: (a) let stand in room temperature, (b) agitated for 30 seconds with Vortex mixer, and (c) sonicated for 30 seconds with ultrasonic cleaner. After loading of epirubicin by each method, supernatant concentration for epirubicin was assayed at 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Results: Epirubicin loading rates for small bead (100-300µm) at 5 minutes were 82.9 % in group a, 93.8% in group b, and 79.9 % in group c. Similarly, medium bead (300-500µm), 40.1% in group a, 65.7% in group b and 45.5% in group c, respectively. In large-sized bead (500-700µm), loaded rates of epirubicin were 38.8% in group a, 59.0% in group b and 48.0% in group c. Agitation of mixture of epirubicin and DC Bead with Vortex mixer significantly shortened the loading time, but sonication did not affect the time required. Microscopic examination did not lead to any morphological change of microspheres in all the methods. Conclusions: Short time of agitation with Vortex mixer reduced the necessary time for loading of epirubicin in every standard of DC Bead.

Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Eka Putri ◽  
Denny Darlis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Feed Forward ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
System Input ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

The Spread of Pollutants from Harbour Sludge Depots

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
M Loxham ◽  
F Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Harbour Sludge

It is generally agreed that both the landfill option, or the civil techniques option for the final disposal of contaminated harbour sludge involves the isolation of the sludge from the environment. For short time scales, engineered barriers such as a bentonite screen, plastic sheets, pumping strategies etc. can be used. However for long time scales the effectiveness of such measures cannot be counted upon. It is thus necessary to be able to predict the long term environmenttal spread of contaminants from a mature landfill. A model is presented that considers diffusion and adsorption in the landfill site and convection and adsorption in the underlaying aquifer. From a parameter analysis starting form practical values it is shown that the adsorption behaviour and the molecular diffusion coefficient of the sludge, are the key parameters involved in the near field. The dilution effects of the far field migration patterns are also illustrated.

Alteration of intrapancreatic serotonin, homocysteine, TNF-α, and NGF levels as predisposing factors for diabetes following exposure to 900-MHz waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110226
Author(s):  
Gholamali Jelodar ◽  
Mansour Azimzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Radmard ◽  
Narges Darvishhoo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Exposure to mobile phone radiation causes deleterious health effects on biological systems. The objects of this study were to investigate the effect of 900-MHz radiofrequency waves (RFW) emitted from base transceiver station antenna on intrapancreatic homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nerve growth factor (NGF) as predisposing factors involved in pancreatic beta cell damage. Thirty male rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into the control (without any exposure) and exposed groups: short time (2 h/day), long time (4 h/day), and exposed to 900-MHz RFW for 30 consecutive days. On the last days of the experiment, animals were killed and pancreas tissue was dissected out for evaluation of serotonin, Hcy, TNF-α, and NGF. There was a significant decrease in the serotonin and NGF levels in the pancreatic tissue of exposed groups compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Also, the levels of serotonin and NGF in the long-time exposure were significantly lower than the short-time exposure ( p < 0.05). However, levels of Hcy and TNF-α were significantly increased in the pancreas of exposed groups compared to the control groups ( p < 0.05). Exposure to 900-MHz RFW decreased pancreatic NGF and serotonin levels and increased the proinflammatory markers (Hcy and TNF-α), which can be a predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Internal dosimetry in F-18 FDG PET examinations based on long-time-measured organ activities using total-body PET/CT: does it make any difference from a short-time measurement?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Hu ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Weihai Zhuo ◽  
Hui Tan ◽  
Tianwu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Time Measurement ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Purpose A 2-m axial field-of-view, total-body PET/CT scanner (uEXPLORER) has been recently developed to provide total-body coverage and ultra-high sensitivity, which together, enables opportunities for in vivo time-activity curve (TAC) measurement of all investigated organs simultaneously with high temporal resolution. This study aims at quantifying the cumulated activity and patient dose of 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18 FDG ) imaging by using delayed time-activity curves (TACs), measured out to 8-h post-injection, for different organs so that the comparison between quantifying approaches using short-time method (up to 75 min post-injection) or long-time method (up to 8 h post-injection) could be performed. Methods Organ TACs of 10 healthy volunteers were collected using total-body PET/CT in 4 periods after the intravenous injection of F-18 FDG. The 8-h post-injection TACs of 6 source organs were fitted using a spline method (based on Origin (version 8.1)). To compare with cumulated activity estimated from spline-fitted curves, the cumulated activity estimated from multi-exponential curve was also calculated. Exponential curve was fitted with shorter series of data consistent with clinical procedure and previous dosimetry works. An 8-h dynamic bladder wall dose model considering 2 voiding were employed to illustrate the differences in bladder wall dose caused by the different measurement durations. Organ absorbed doses were further estimated using Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) method and voxel phantoms. Results A short-time measurement could lead to significant bias in estimated cumulated activity for liver compared with long-time-measured spline fitted method, and the differences of cumulated activity were 18.38% on average. For the myocardium, the estimated cumulated activity difference was not statistically significant due to large variation in metabolism among individuals. The average residence time differences of brain, heart, kidney, liver, and lungs were 8.38%, 15.13%, 25.02%, 23.94%, and 16.50% between short-time and long-time methods. Regarding effective dose, the maximum differences of residence time between long-time-measured spline fitted curve and short-time-measured multi-exponential fitted curve was 9.93%. When using spline method, the bladder revealed the most difference in the effective dose among all the investigated organs with a bias up to 21.18%. The bladder wall dose calculated using a long-time dynamic model was 13.79% larger than the two-voiding dynamic model, and at least 50.17% lower than previous studies based on fixed bladder content volume. Conclusions Long-time measurement of multi-organ TACs with high temporal resolution enabled by a total-body PET/CT demonstrated that the clinical procedure with 20 min PET scan at 1 h after injection could be used for retrospective dosimetry analysis in most organs. As the bladder content contributed the most to the effective dose, a long-time dynamic model was recommended for the bladder wall dose estimation.

scholarly journals Process Emulation System for High-Power Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Actuators

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Igor Ille ◽  
Sebastian Mojrzisch ◽  
Jens Twiefel
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Present System ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
High Flexibility

Abstract Ultrasonic actuators are used for a wide field of applications. The vibration energy can be used to realize many processes like ultrasonic welding or bonding. Furthermore there are many processes which run more efficient and faster combined with ultrasonic vibration like ultrasonic-assisted turning or drilling. Piezoelectric transducers are the main part of those applications. Most of the applications have a time-variant load behavior and need an amplitude feedback control to guarantee a stable process. To ensure correct function tests of the feedback control systems have to be done. In this case the processes have to be executed in association with a high number of cycles. To emulate the behavior of the environment the automotive and aerospace industries use hardware in the loop systems since a long time but there is no such a method for ultrasonic systems. This paper presents a method to realize high dynamic load emulation for different ultrasonic applications. Using a piezoelectric transformer it is possible to reproduce load curves by active damping on the secondary side of the transformer using a current proportional digital feedback circuit. A theoretical and experimental study of hardware in the loop system for ultrasonic applications is given by this paper. The present system allows testing a wide field of feedback control algorithms with high flexibility and a high number of cycles by utilization of low-cost components. This proceeding decreases design periods in association with feedback control.

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