Spring Load Restrictions in Finland: Current Policy and Research Implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 1615 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Jukka Isotalo
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Frost Action ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
National Road

Roads in Finland are exposed to seasonal strength variation. Because of industrial policy, the maximum weight of heavy trucks is 60 metric tons all year. The policies applied by the Finnish National Road Administration (Finnra) to mitigate the effects of seasonal road strength variations on public roads, and the current research on the topic in Finland, are investigated. It has been estimated that the annual cost of road repairs because of spring damages is about $10 million under the present load restriction policy. The costs for road repairs would be $35 million without restrictions. The annual additional cost for all heavy transport is estimated at $15 million. An internal Finnra survey revealed that $80 million to $100 million is needed to repair all known frost-susceptible road sections. Finnra load restrictions are intended to prevent damage to roads by heavy vehicles during spring thaw. The restrictions will reduce and possibly eliminate increases in annual road maintenance costs. On the other hand, the restrictions will allow a minimum standard for vital transport. Finnra’s Road Structures Research Programme (TPPT) studies improvements in the durability, strength, and economy of road structures. A key part of the TPPT project concerns problems associated with frost, especially durability against frost action. The most important factors of frost action on roads are the freezing index, duration of frost and thaw seasons, surface temperature, and ground water level. Methods for testing and calculating frost effects are discussed, as are the questions that must be answered before more precise models can be published.

scholarly journals Reduction of Aerodynamic Drag of Heavy Vehicles using CFD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2670-2678
Author(s):  
Priyank Kothari
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Air Resistance

Abstract: Aerodynamic drag is the force that opposes an object’s motion. When a vehicle no matter the size, is designed to allow air to move fluidly over its body, aerodynamic drag will have less of an impact on its performance and fuel economy. Heavy trucks burn a significant amount of fuel as to overcome the air resistance. More than 50% of an 18-wheeler’s fuel is spent reducing aerodynamic drag on the highways. Keywords: Aerodynamics, Heavy vehicles, ANSYS, Aerodynamic Drag, Fuel efficiency.

scholarly journals Optical Precipitation Gauge

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lundberg ◽  
R.-M. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Precipitation Gauge ◽  
National Road

There exists a great need for automatic precipitation gauges for effective road maintenance during the winter period. These gauges should be inexpensive, not require mains supply, need little attendance, give information about presence of precipitation and determine type (snow, rain or sleet) while there is no need for high accuracy of the precipitation intensity. Light attenuation precipitation sensors (optical gauges) fulfil several of these requirements and are used in the Swedish National Road Administration Road Weather System. The optical gauges measure the time it takes for particles of snow etc. to pass (attenuate) a light beam and relate this time to precipitation type and intensity. The rain precipitation mass is approximately proportional to the accumulated attenuation time. To investigate whether or not optical gauges could also be used for solid precipitation, the precipitation mass for snow, rain and sleet was measured with a reference gauge and compared to the attenuation time. The passage time of individual hydrometeorologic particles (snow, rain and sleet) was compared with precipitation type and wind speed. Air temperature could be used as a rough guide to distinguish three precipitation categories for the following temperatures: rain (>+2 °C), sleet (0 to +2 °C) and snow (≤ 0 °C) At low wind speeds (< 3 m/s) the passage time of individual particles could be used to distinguish between rain and snow. The accumulated attenuation time for the same precipitation mass was approximately 25 and 5 times greater for snow and sleet respectively compared to rain. With the attenuation time for the snow-fall corrected for wind influence the quotient between the attenuation time for snow and rain is decreased from approximately 25 to approximately 12 times.

scholarly journals Performance of Rear Under-Ride Protection Device (RUPD) During Car to Heavy Truck Rear Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3367-3375
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Protection Device ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Crash Tests

Passenger vehicles crashes with Under-ride rear end of heavy vehicles result in fatal injuries due to sliding of passenger car beneath heavy trucks frames. This is related to an improper structure design of rear under-ride protection device (RUPD) that is mounted to the rear of the heavy vehicles. The design of effective RUPD must be taken into consideration during the design stage of truck chassis frame. There are two types of analyses used to investigate the performance of trucks RUPDs such as experimental tests and numerical analysis or simulation. This review aims to discuss the available research methods on the performance of RUPDs during car to heavy truck rear impact, and record their lack and potential areas. Moreover various crash velocities will be discussed for the car-to-heavy truck rear impact tests, as well as different scales of car frontal crash tests are included. Furthermore energy absorption capability of different truck RUPDs designs will be presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Data mining applied for national road maintenance decision support system

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Andri Irfan Rifai ◽  
Susanty Handayani ◽  
Ronal Al Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
National Road

National roads are one of the main networks of a country’s transportation system. To maintain the performance level of national roads requires a well-structured pavement management system (PMS). The decision support system (DSS) is inseparable in the modern PMS, which required the development of a new approach for the DSS in support of national road network maintenance. The proposed model integrates data mining (DM) and geographical information system (GIS) to construct a simple DSS. DM is used to developed road maintenance optimization models, and then integrated with DSS with the help of GIS as an interface application. Historical data on the national road network in West Java, Indonesia is used as a case study. Examples show that the proposed model can determine a decision support solution efficiently. In addition, a userfriendly computer interface is developed so that PMS stakeholders can plan pavement maintenance simply and effectively.

scholarly journals Adder Box Used in the Heavy Trucks Transmission Noise Reduction

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Andrei Bencze ◽  
Maria Luminița Scutaru ◽  
Marin Marin ◽  
Sorin Vlase ◽  
Ana Toderiță
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Noise Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Symmetrical Structure ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Experimental Assembly

The paper aims to analyze the vibrations of a summing box, used in heavy vehicles. An experimental setup is proposed and used for the analysis of these vibrations transmitted by the box housing, based on the measurement of the mechanical impedance. It is then shown that a simpler measurement, namely that of the generated noise spectrum, can provide equally useful results, with less effort and in a shorter time. The experimental setup is much simpler, involving a sonometer arranged in the experimental assembly. The symmetry of the box allows us to facilitate the execution of the experimental assembly, and the use of the symmetrical structure to facilitate the calculation of vibrations. The results obtained using this method in the case of a redesigned adder box are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Comparison Analysis Between Traditional and Long Segment Contracts on National Road Preservation Activities in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4230-4234
Author(s):  
R. P. Winanri ◽  
B. Susanti ◽  
I. Juliantina
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
National Road ◽  
Traditional Approaches

National road preservation activities in Indonesia are usually carried out using a traditional approach system, namely in-house system and contract system with a design-bid-build (DBB) approach. An alternative contract method to improve the quality of roads is the long segment contract. Its definition is carrying out road preservation activities in one continuous segment with the aim to obtain good road conditions for all segments. This study aims to compare the performance under traditional approaches and long segment contracts. Road performance is expressed in functional performance terminology and uses the International roughness index (IRI) indicator. The research was conducted on the outer urban road of Palembang - Indralaya intersection - Meranjat which is part of the national road section in the Province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Results showed that the road performance contracted with traditional approaches was better than that of long segment ones. This was not expected and was probably due to the lack of understanding of the parties involved in the long segment contract to the principles of fulfilling road service performance. The contractors are not interested in carrying out routine road maintenance projects because the value of the work is small and there is a lack of experience regarding routine maintenance.

scholarly journals PENILAIAN KONDISI JALAN PADA RUAS JALAN KM. 77 (BATAS PIDIE) - BATAS KOTA SIGLI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-592
Author(s):  
Evi Zulfan ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Yuhanis Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Road

Abstract : Road maintenance activities is one part of the road management and road organizer shall prioritize road maintenance to maintain the level of services in accordance with defined minimum service standards. Assessment of road conditions resulting from the survey activities. Km.77 (Batas Pidie) - Batas Kota Sigli is a national road with a length of 29.34 Km. Rating national road refers Free Road Condition Survey, No. SMD-03 / RC (relationship International Roughness Index, IRI-Surface Distress Index, SDI), which is only capable of supporting votes to traffic lanes. This research is assessed road conditions and a comparative analysis (IRI-SDI indicators and per-percentage area of damage) on the carriageway. The method used in the study, refers to the Minister of Public Works  No. 15 / PRT / M / 2007 and No. 13 / PRT / M / 2013, which is able to support the assessment of traffic lanes, shoulders, and complementary buildings (BPLK) with elements: median, ditches, culverts, retaining walls, island roads and sidewalks. The condition of the road is done through a detailed survey of road conditions with the visual method followed by processing and analyzing data, producing road conditions, type of treatment and allocation of the required budget requirements. The results show the value of the condition is above 60% steady-state condition and needs maintenance budget of Rp. 113,645,850,000.00 for all elements of the road. From the results of a comparative analysis of known value of a deviation of 4.77% for the stability of the road and -Rp.98.825.850.000,00 for road maintenance budget requirements.Abstrak: Kegiatan pemeliharaan jalan merupakan salah satu bagian dari penyelenggaraan jalan dan penyelenggara jalan wajib memperioritaskan pemeliharaan jalan untuk mempertahankan tingkat pelayanan sesuai dengan standar pelayanan minimal yang ditetapkan. Kegiatan penilaian kondisi jalan dihasilkan dari kegiatan survei jalan. Ruas jalan Km.77 (Batas Pidie) - Batas Kota Sigli merupakan ruas jalan nasional dengan panjang 29,34 Km. Penilaian ruas jalan nasional mengacu pada Panduan Survei Kondisi Jalan, No. SMD-03/RC (hubungan International Roughness Index, IRI - Surface Distress Index, SDI), yang hanya mampu mendukung penilaian untuk jalur lalu lintas. Penilitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai kondisi jalan dan analisis perbandingan (Indikator IRI - SDI dan persentase luasan kerusakan) pada jalur lalu lintas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian, mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum (Permen PU) Nomor : 15/PRT/M/2007 dan Nomor : 13/PRT/M/2013, yang mampu mendukung penilaian jalur lalu lintas, bahu jalan, dan bangunan pelengkap (BPLK) dengan elemen : median, saluran samping, gorong-gorong, tembok penahan tanah, pulau jalan dan trotoar. Penilaian kondisi jalan dilakukan melalui survei kondisi rinci jalan dengan metode visual dilanjutkan dengan pengolahan dan analisis data, yang menghasilkan kondisi jalan, jenis penanganan dan alokasi kebutuhan anggaran yang dibutuhkan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui nilai kondisi berada diatas 60 % kondisi mantap dan kebutuhan anggaran pemeliharaan Rp. 113.645.850.000,00 untuk seluruh elemen jalan. Dari hasil analisis perbandingan diketahui nilai deviasi sebesar 4,77 % untuk kemantapan jalan dan -Rp. 98.825.850.000,00 untuk kebutuhan anggaran pemeliharaan jalan.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DRIVING SPEED IN HIGHWAY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN SPEEDING BEHAVIOR IN THE JAKARTA AREA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS (CASE STUDY: BEKASI MAIN STREET)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Guritnaningsih Guritnaningsih ◽  
Martha Leni Siregar ◽  
Ahmad Septiawan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
National Road ◽  
Online Methods

Driving a vehicle above the speed limit is unsafe driving behavior that may cause the occurrence of an accident. Speed limitation can be one way to improve road safety. This study aims to get an illustration of speed limit violation committed by the drivers on the national road segment, and also to investigate the demographic and psychological factors that affect driver behavior in violating the speed limit as stated in the traffic regulation. Speed data collection was carried out at the Bekasi Raya national road in Bekasi, while the demographic and psychological data were collected using questionnaires through online methods. The result of speed measurement using Speed Gun to 30 motorcycles, 30 light vehicles, and 30 heavy vehicles, shows that there are no light or heavy vehicles that drive above the speed limit. Speeding behavior only is indicated by a little number of motorcyclists. From the online survey through the distribution of questionnaires to 102 motorcyclists, it was found that speeding behavior tends to be done when they are in a rush situation. Mengendarai kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan (ngebut) merupakan perilaku mengendara yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kecelakaan..Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan keselamatan di jalan raya adalah dengan pembatasan kecepatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang pelanggaran batas  kecepatan yang dilakukan pengemudi di ruas jalan nasional, dan faktor-faktor demografis, serta faktor psikologis yang berperan dalam perilaku pengendara kendaraan bermotor melanggar batas kecepatan yang telah ditentukan oleh peraturan lalu lintas. Pengambilan data kecepatan dilakukan di jalan nasional Bekasi raya, sedangkan data tentang faktor demografis dan psikologis diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner melalui online. Hasil pengukuran kecepatan terhadap 30 sepeda motor, 30 kendaraan ringan, dan 30 kendaraan berat dengan Speed Gun menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kendaraan ringan maupun kendaraan berat yang mengemudikan kendaraan di atas batas kecepatan. Perilaku ngebut dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil pengendara sepeda motor. Dari survey melalui penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 102 pengendara diperoleh gambaran bahwa perilaku ngebut cenderung dilakukan ketika berada pada situasi tergesa-gesa.

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