scholarly journals Grape rootstock - scion interactions on shoot growth and cane maturing

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Special Soil ◽  
Growth Characters

Interaction between the rootstock and scion varieties (clones) was examined. Berlandieri x Riparia T. K. 5BB, Berlandieri x Riparia T.5C being the most widely used varieties in Hungary, Fercal, Ruggeri 140 being recently used on special soil conditions ; Georgikon 28 a new established variety and Berlandieri x Riparia T. 8B GK 10 clone were the rootstocks used. The V. vinifera L. varieties were a clone of Italian Riesling and two new hybrids from the same cross population f ( Noble Italian Riesling X Ezerjó) X ( Noble Italian Riesling X Pinot Gris ) }. This study presents the results how the growth habit depends on different scion/stock combinations in the first three years. Shoot growth characters were observed during the initial years after plantation in the vineyard until we got the first yields. Our results did not agree with those of Pospisilova (1977) that the anticipated vigour of shoot growth will appear later in the vineyard only. However we agree with Zimmerman (1970), who showed that the differences are caused by the rootstocks in the growth habit of vines during the first two years already. The differences in shoot elongation decreased similarly to the rootstocks in the first year of fruit production. It shows us that the intense root development caused vigorous shoot growth, which we think to be a rootstock effect. When the vegetative and generative development are balanced already, the effect of scions in shoot elongation became stronger than the effect of rootstock. We also found great differences in the maturation of wood each year from planting of the vineyard to the year of fruit production. During the first years the differences of cane maturation were greater according to the scion varieties, the means were significantly different. In the first ripening year the differences dwindled or increased due to the rootstocks. This means that the effect of the rootstock on cane maturation became stronger in the first year of fruit production.  

scholarly journals Response of Peach Seedlings to Root-zone Temperature and Root-applied Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 870-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tagliavini ◽  
N.E. Looney
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root and shoot growth of peach seedlings was strongly suppressed when the roots were held at 8 to 10C. Shoot and root dry weights and root volume increased linearly with increasing root-zone temperature (RZT) to 22C. GA3 at 5.7 μm (2 ppm) added to the aerated full nutrient solution reversed the effect of low RZT on shoot elongation but inhibited root growth at all RZTs. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) (6.8 × 10-3μm) (2 ppb) inhibited shoot elongation at all RZTs and shoot dry weight at 16 and 22C. However, PBZ had no effect on root dry weight accumulation at any RZT. The shoot growth-promoting effect of GA3, relative to control plants, disappeared at higher RZTs, but GA3 reversed the growth-inhibiting effect of PBZ at all RZTs. PBZ increased mean root diameter at all RZTs and significantly increased root volume at 22C. These results show that growth of peach seedlings is profoundly influenced by a cool root-zone environment. The plant growth regulator effects suggest that seedling roots play an important role in whole-plant gibberellin physiology. Some possible implications for fruit production are discussed. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA3); β -[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]- α -(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol(paclobutrazol,PBZ).

scholarly journals Orchard Variation in Micropropagated Trees of `Redspur Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clonal Fidelity

Micropropagated trees of `Redspur Delicious' apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.), planted as small, actively growing trees in May 1982, lacked uniformity in tree size, appearance, and flowering by the spring of 1986. Only four of the 18 trees had a typical spur-type growth habit; these four trees had 80% more spurs per meter of shoot, 8 to 10 times as many flowers the first year of flowering and 9.5-fold higher early fruit yields, but were 40% smaller after 14 years in the orchard and had 25% less cumulative fruit yield than the nonspur types. Shoots from the spur-type trees were recultured in 1988 and the resulting trees planted in an orchard in 1990. These latter trees were uniform in appearance and all had typical spur-type growth, with about 30% more spurs per meter of shoot growth than the spur-type trees from which they were propagated. Micropropagating spur-type apples from previously micropropagated trees that have maintained clonal fidelity may overcome the potential problem of clonal variation in orchard planted micropropagated trees.

After initial invigoration by heading, young pear trees show reduction in axis vigour and increased propensity to flower

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla N. Seleznyova ◽  
Geegana A. Dayatilake ◽  
Amy E. Watson ◽  
D. Stuart Tustin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Axis ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Second Year

Fast establishment of the canopy in young trees, followed by reduced vegetative vigour and precocity are desirable traits in fruit production. Severe heading (cutting back the primary axis of the tree after the first year of growth) to induce branching is a nursery practice to increase early fruit yield. Our aim was to provide a systematic study of the responses of young pear trees to severe heading. We used an experimental system with two scion genotypes and three rootstocks to create trees with contrasting branching habits and vigour. The trees’ trunks were headed and a single bud was allowed to outgrow in the following season. Architectural analysis was used to quantify the development of regenerated trees. In the first year after heading, the growth of the primary axes and, depending on the scion genotype, the sylleptic branching of regenerating trees, were invigorated. In the second year, the percentage of budbreak was also increased, but the shoot growth was greatly reduced. Axis propensity to flower in spring of the third year of growth was increased. The new insights into the effects of heading on tree aging and flowering will be used for guiding the best approaches to managing young pear trees.

Heat tolerance of actively growing, bud-initiated, and dormant black spruce seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Koppenaal ◽  
S. J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
Heat Tolerant

To determine the effect of stage of bud development on heat tolerance, overwintered black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were (i) maintained in a dormant state, (ii) allowed to grow new shoots under favorable greenhouse conditions, or (iii) induced to initiate bud scales using short-photoperiod treatment following a period of new shoot elongation. Seedlings of the three shoot types were then exposed for 10 min to temperatures of 25, 42, 45, 50, or 55 °C in an environmental test chamber. Damage to the current-year shoot was lower in bud-initiated seedlings than in active seedlings, particularly at 42 °C, when 0 and 46%, respectively, of the length of the main shoot was damaged. The current-year shoot growth was much more sensitive to heat stress than the lignified first-year shoot, and therefore dormant seedlings, which had only first-year shoot growth, were most heat tolerant, showing damage only at 50 and 55 °C.

scholarly journals SOIL INJECTION OF BAS 111-06W REDUCES SHOOT GROWTH IN PEACH

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168d-1168
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Reighard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Short Shoots ◽  
Severe Leaf

The growth regulator BAS 111-06W was applied twice each spring for 3 years to 5-year-old 'Loring' trees. First year treatments were foliar sprays (1 or 2 g a.i.), trunk paints (2 or 4 g a.i.), and soil shank injections (2 or 4 g a.i.). Foliar treated trees developed severe leaf shotholing or bacteriosis. Shank treatments were the most effective in controlling shoot growth. Thus, second and third year treatments consisted only of the shank applications. Both the 2 and 4 g rates were equally effective in reducing shoot elongation 10-34% annually. Treated trees bloomed 1-2 days earlier and had shorter bloom periods than the controls. Flower bud density and flower number were greater on treated trees. Fruit yields were not affected. Treated trees required less summer and corrective winter pruning, but had more short shoots to thin out.

Growth and Branching Responses of Portulaca grandiflora to Foliar Applications of Chemical Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447c-447
Author(s):  
T.J. Banko ◽  
M.A. Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Portulaca Grandiflora ◽  
Prostrate Growth ◽  
Secondary Shoot

During container production of portulaca, growth of long, prostrate, sparsely branched stems makes handling of plants difficult, and reduces their commercial appeal. Growers prefer to minimize shoot elongation while increasing branching to provide a full, compact plant. The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth regulators for promotion of branching and inhibition of stem elongation. Container-grown plants ≈21 cm in diameter were treated with sprays of ProShear (benzylaminopurine) at 62.4, 125, and 250 ppm; Promalin (benzyaminopurine + gibberellins 4+7) at 125, 250, and 500 ppm; Atrimmec (dikegulac) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm; and Florel (ethephon) at 250, 500, and 750 ppm. These treatments were compared with untreated controls in a randomized complete-block design. Main shoot lengths were measured at 16, 31, and 51 days after treatment (DAT). Numbers of new shoot breaks were counted 16 DAT. The growth habit, that is, tendency to grow upright or prostrate, was also evaluated 16 DAT. The most-effective material for retarding primary shoot elongation and for stimulating secondary shoot development was ProShear. At 16 DAT, 250 ppm ProShear reduced shoot elongation by 25% compared to control plants. This treatment also increased the number of secondary shoot breaks by 143%. Promalin increased the number of new shoot breaks, but it also increased the lengths of all shoots. High rates of Florel and Promalin caused shoots to grow predominantly upright rather then prostrate. ProShear, however, caused more prostrate growth as rate increased.

scholarly journals Influence de la charge sur la production et la croissance de la vigne (c.v. Merlot)

OENO One ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
M. Nikov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Parabolic Curve ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
The Relationship

<p style="text-align: justify;">L'étude est menée avec le cépage Merlot conduit en forme haute et à une distance de 3,40 x 1,20 m. Les vignes supportent des charges individuelles de 26, 32, 38 ... jusqu'à 62 bourgeons par cep. La relation entre le nombre d'yeux et le rendement par souche se caractérise par une courbe parabolique avec un maximum autour de 50 bourgeons par cep. L'augmentation de charge au-delà de l'optimum exerce une influence inhibitrice sur la croissance des rameaux individuels depuis la première année. Le rapport entre la surface foliaire et la production représente un facteur essentiel pour la qualité du raisin.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The study involves Merlot variety trained with an high trunk and a 3,40 x 1,20 m spacing. The vines support individual pruning levels of 26, 32, 38 ... up to 62 buds/vine. The relationship between bud number and yield per vine is characterized by a parabolic curve with a maximum around 50 buds/vine. The increase in pruning level beyond the optimum induces an inhibitory effect on single shoot growth since the first year. The leaf area : yield ratio represents a primary factor of grape quality.</p>

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. I. Field studies in the first year of the cropping phase

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
JF Angus ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
W Muller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Direct Drilling

An experiment was conducted on a red earth at Harden, N.S.W., to investigate the effects of tillage and stubble management on the growth and yield of wheat in the first year of conservation cropping. Treatments involved stubble-management systems of incorporation, burning or retention combined with tillage systems of either direct drilling or minimum tillage. The experiment was conducted on an oat stubble of 3.9 t ha-1. Direct drilling and stubble retention both reduced seedling growth by 15%, compared to cultivated and stubble burnt treatments, but had no effect on plant density or tillering. The effects on shoot growth were additive and persisted until maturity, leading to grain yields which varied from 2.16 t ha-1 for the stubble-mulched, direct-drilled treatment to 3.20 t ha-1 for the burned-stubble, minimum-till treatment. Direct drilling reduced the total root length in the profile (0-160 cm) at anthesis by 40%, but there was no effect of stubble retention. Reduced shoot growth and rooting depth on direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments reduced the recovery of water and mineral N by the crop and increased the leaching of mineral N below the root zone. Early shoot growth reductions on direct-drilled plots were not related to levels of soil water, mineral nitrogen (N) or soil temperature. Reduced shoot growth was associated with increased severity of Rhizoctonia in some direct drilled plots, but growth reductions often occurred in the absence of obvious symptoms. High soil strength (>2 MPa) in the top 10 cm of soil may have contributed to reduced growth, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Reduced growth associated with the presence of stubble was not caused by immobilization of N or increased leaf disease, although reduced soil temperatures may have been partly responsible.

scholarly journals Anticipated selection for intrapopulation breeding of passion fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan Ramos Cavalcante ◽  
Willian Krause ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Celice Alexandre Silva ◽  
Keithi Karla Xavier Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
First Year ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Coincidence Index ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Production Characteristics

 The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of the anticipated selection of superior plants in intrapopulation breeding of passion fruit. The experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University experimental area. Eight populations were evaluated. Planting was carried out in August 2010 following the randomized blocks experimental design, with ten repeats and ten plants per plot. The production characteristics of mass and number of fruits were evaluated from data obtained from two cultivation periods, the first year and the full two-year cycle of culture. Estimates of genetic parameters indicate the possibility of selection gains. The accuracies of fruit production, fruit number and fruit mass characteristics had high magnitude, independent of the selection cycle. Coincidence index estimates were high for all characteristics. Based on the results, early selection (first year) was efficient and reduced the time of selection for the best plants and can be used for passion fruit breeding. 

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