scholarly journals Demand Side Financing and Healthcare Seeking of Pregnant Women

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Tanzila Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Healthcare Seeking ◽  
Demand Side Financing ◽  
Strong Indicator ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
New Research ◽  
Overall Health Status

Demand-side financing (DSF) scheme is popularly known as the maternal health voucher program, which is launched in many developing countries of the world including Bangladesh as an intervention of developing overall health status. Maternal mortality ratio is a strong indicator of health profile of any country and pregnant women are prone to fall vulnerable situation. This review was aimed to find gap/missing of existing literature in order to make foundation of new research on healthcare seeking of pregnant women along with financing coverage. After repeated critical review of number original articles, some gaps have been found. Almost every article they focused on outcome and mildly highlighted input variables but did not consider all possible variables and missed to show interlink between those variables.

scholarly journals Maternal mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico: a preliminary analysis during the first year

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Mendez-Dominguez ◽  
Karen Santos-Zaldívar ◽  
Salvador Gomez-Carro ◽  
Sudip Datta-Banik ◽  
Genny Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Immune Impairment ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background In Mexico, the COVID-19 pandemic led to preventative measures such as confinement and social interaction limitations that paradoxically may have aggravated healthcare access disparities for pregnant women and accentuated health system weaknesses addressing high-risk patients’ pregnancies. Our objective is to estimate the maternal mortality ratio in 1 year and analyze the clinical course of pregnant women hospitalized due to acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19. Methods A retrospective surveillance study of the national maternal mortality was performed from February 2020–February 2021 in Mexico related to COVID-19 cases in pregnant women, including their outcomes. Comparisons were made between patients who died and those who survived to identify prognostic factors and underlying health conditions distribution. Results Maternal Mortality Ratio increased by 56.8% in the studied period, confirmed COVID-19 was the cause of 22.93% of cases. Additionally, unconfirmed cases represented 4.5% of all maternal deaths. Among hospitalized pregnant women with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome consistent with COVID-19, smoking and cardiovascular diseases were more common among patients who faced a fatal outcome. They were also more common in the age group of < 19 or > 38. In addition, pneumonia was associated with asthma and immune impairment, while diabetes and increased BMI increased the odds for death (Odds Ratio 2.30 and 1.70, respectively). Conclusions Maternal Mortality Ratio in Mexico increased over 60% in 1 year during the pandemic; COVID-19 was linked to 25.4% of maternal deaths in the studied period. Lethality among pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 was 2.8%, and while asthma and immune impairment increased propensity for developing pneumonia, obesity and diabetes increased the odds for in-hospital death. Measures are needed to improve access to coordinated well-organized healthcare to reduce maternal deaths related to COVID-19 and pandemic collateral effects.

scholarly journals Primary health care among rural pregnant women in China: achievements and challenges in maternal mortality ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Yang ◽  
Hongman Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is not only an important indicator of maternal and infant safety, but also a sign of the development of economy, education, and medical care in a country. In the last 60 years, the Chinese government has implemented various strategies and policies to reduce the MMR, especially in the rural areas. Aim: This study aimed to discuss the strategies developed by the Chinese government, showing the successful experience of Chinese intervention programs and highlighting the challenges to the government in the context of current economic and social status. Method: This study probed into the Chinese government’s efforts and achievements in the MMR reducing by reviewing the relevant health policies, extracting the data from China Health Statistics Yearbook of 2015, analyzing the reduction of maternal death in rural areas and the major causes from 1991 to 2015, comparing the MMR trend in urban and rural areas, and discussing the changes of the situation in China. Finding: Although it seems that Chinese government’s efforts have brought evangel to the rural pregnant women and significantly reduced rural maternal mortality, the government still needs to develop more equitable and flexible primary health care policies to narrow the imbalance in health resource allocation and pay more attention to the health care for the rural-to-urban migration in China.

scholarly journals Performance of Ashas in ANC and Birth Planning in Uttar Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 4896-4899
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Mrs. Anjali Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The State ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Birth Planning ◽  
Targeted Messages

ASHAs were introduced in UP through NRHM in 2005, the first major task of ASHAs was to focus on maternal and child health to reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio and Infant Mortality Rate in the state of UP. Their primary activity was to visit homes of pregnant women. The first program in UP operated through the ASHAs was the Comprehensive Child Survival Program in 2008. Since then, tracking of all pregnancies to decipher messages on ANC and birth planning is an integral part of the work of ASHAs across the state of UP.  The current study explores variables like the average visits of each of the ASHAs to pregnant women in absolute numbers in four districts of UP. Further, the study sees the percentage of the ASHAs that give messages on ANC like TT injections, BP and abdominal examination, IFA tablets and provision of 3 ANCs to pregnant women. In addition to that, the percentage of ASHAs giving messages on birth planning like identification of place of delivery, birth attendant, arranging money, arranging transport and identification of blood donor.  Information on JSY was also a part of the message.  These activities were done by the ASHAs in the last 3 months prior to the survey.      The relevance of the study assumes significance as data on the details of targeted messages done by ASHAs through home visits are never discussed in detail and further there is no comparison to their performance visa vis the inputs they received through capacity building.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the ASHAs and a total 250 respondents had participated in the study.  The numbers of pregnant women visited by each of the ASHAs in the 4 districts in their catchment area in the 3 months were in the range of 4-6. Among the messages on ANC, IFA tablets consumption and TT injections were given by most of the ASHAs in the 4 districts.  Among the birth planning messages, identification of place and birth attendant were given by most of the ASHAs in the 4 districts. This reflected that the focus of messages were neither prioritized nor covered by all the ASHAs.   

scholarly journals Reducing maternal mortality in China in the era of the two-child policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e002157
Author(s):  
Jue Liu ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Wenzhan Jing ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is of great concern worldwide. After the implementation of the two-child policy in 2013, the number of live births and the proportion of high-risk pregnancies both increased, and these bring new challenges to the reduction of MMR. China implemented a package of nationwide strategies in April 2016, the Five Strategies for Maternal and Newborn Safety (FSMNS). The FSMNS consists of five components: (1) pregnancy risk screening and assessment strategy, (2) case-by-case management strategy for high-risk pregnancies, (3) referral and treatment strategy for critically ill pregnant women and newborns, (4) reporting strategy for maternal deaths (and 5) accountability strategy. To better implement the FSMNS, China formulated a unified pregnancy risk screening form. After risk assessment and classification, medical records of all the pregnant women are labelled with green (low risk), yellow (moderate risk), orange (high risk), red (highest risk) or purple (infectious disease) for tailored management. By the implementation of FSMNS, China has already kept the MMR stable and cause it to enter a controlled decline. MMR in China has declined by 21.1%, from 23.2 per 100 000 live births in 2013 to 18.3 per 100 000 live births in 2018. The country’s challenges and experience in reducing the MMR could provide useful lessons for other countries.

Recent Developments in Health Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chilton ◽  
Igor Gorlach
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Female President

In the last several years, Brazil has gained international attention as an emerging BRIC economy, was awarded the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics, and elected its first female president. This has led many to declare that Brazil is emerging as a potential world power for the 21st century. In addition to improving its international stature, in the last several decades Brazil has also significantly improved the availability and quality of health care within the country. Despite these gains, however, Brazil still suffers from poor maternal health. In fact, Brazil's Maternal Mortality Ratio is five to ten times higher than the rates in high-income countries. Last year, these conditions lead the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to issue a decision declaring that Brazil was violating its international obligations to provide pregnant women with adequate health care, and to call for a reduction in preventable maternal deaths. It is against this backdrop that Brazil enacted a new law last December, Provisional Measure 557 (MP 557), to require pregnant women to register with the state.

scholarly journals Early Risk Detection of Pre-eclampsia for Pregnant Women Using Artificial Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Endah Purwanti ◽  
Ichroom Septa Preswari ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Classification Tool

Pre-eclampsia still dominates maternal mortality cases in Indonesia. One effort that can be done is to establish early detection of the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Automated devices with high accuracy are needed to detect the risk of pre-eclampsia so that the maternal mortality ratio can be reduced. This study aims to design an early detection system for the risk of pre-eclampsia based on artificial neural networks. The system is designed with 11 input parameters in the form of risk factors and output in the form of positive or negative risk of pre-eclampsia. The classification tool used in this study is backpropagation neural network with cross validation scenario at the training stage. The advantage of this system is the weighting of risk factor parameters by obstetric and gynecology specialists so that the results of testing the device show high accuracy. In addition, the device for early detection of pre-eclampsia was also conducted by user acceptance tests for a number of pregnant women.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA PREEKLAMSIA DI RSUP PROF. Dr. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Warouw ◽  
Erna Suparman ◽  
Freddy W. Wagey
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Mild Preeclampsia

Abstract: Worldwide there are about 76,000 pregnant women die each year due to preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The incidence rate of preeclampsia in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe ranges from 2-5%. In developing countries, the rate ranges from 4-18% of all pregnancies. In Indonesia, the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of the period of 2008 to 2012 was 359 deaths per 100,000 live births. The occurrence of preeclampsia in Indonesia is about 3-10% of all pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with preeclampsia. This was a retrospective descriptive study. Samples were pregnant women with preeclampsia and had complete medical records at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital during the period of January 1, 2014 until December 31, 2014. The results showed that the number of pregnant women with preeclampsia were 201 people. Mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia were most prevalent in the age group of 20-35 years (70% and 61.46%) meanwhile superimposed preeclampsia in the age group of >35 years (78.13%). Preeclampsia was mostly among multiparity. Superimposed preeclampsia was found in 32 cases. Most pregnant women with preeclampsia had a BMI ≥ 30.00. Conclusion: Most preeclampsia cases occured in the age group of 20-35 and> 35 years with multiparity, some had hypertension, and mostly were obese. Keywords: mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, superimposed preeclampsia, age, parity, nutritional status (obesity). Abstrak: Diseluruh dunia sekitar 76.000 wanita hamil meninggal setiap tahun akibat preeklamsia dan gangguan hipertensi lainnya pada kehamilan. Insiden preeklamsia di Amerika Serikat, Kanada, dan Eropa Barat berkisar 2-5% sedangkan di negara berkembang berkisar 4-18% dari semua kehamilan. Di Indonesia Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) periode 2008 sampai 2012 sebesar 359 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Frekuensi kejadian preeklamsia di Indonesia sekitar 3-10% dari semua jumlah kehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita preeklamsia. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif retrospektif. Sampel penelitian ialah ibu hamil dengan preeklamsia dan mempunyai data rekam medis lengkap di RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou periode 1 Januari 2014 sampai 31 Desember 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah ibu hamil dengan preeklamsia 201 orang. PER dan PEB terbanyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 20-35 tahun (70% dan 61,46%) sedangkan superimposed PE pada kelompok usia >35 tahun (78,13%). Preeklamsi terbanyak pada paritas multigravida. Superimposed PE berjumlah 32 kasus. Ibu hamil dengan preeklamsia terbanyak memiliki IMT ≥30.00. Simpulan: Preeklamsia terjadi pada kelompok usia 20-35 dan >35 tahun dengan paritas multipara, sebagian dengan riwayat hipertensi, dan sebagian besar disertai obesitas.Kata kunci: preeklamsia ringan, preeklamsia berat, superimposed preeklamsia, usia, paritas, status gizi (obesitas).

scholarly journals Analysis Characteristics of Pregnant Mother With Preeclampsia in Agronursing Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Dini Kurniawati ◽  
Eka Afdi Septiyono ◽  
Peni Perdani Juliningrum ◽  
Ira Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pregnant Mother ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
History Of

Background: Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is an indicator of health and quality of human resources. One of the causes of MMR is preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is an increase in blood pressure during pregnancy, which it cannot yet be determined. Purpose: Aims of this study are to analyze the characteristics of pregnant women with preeclampsia in seven hospitals in the agriculture area. Methods: Respondents obtained were 441 pregnant women with preeclampsia and analyzed by frequency distribution. Results: The results of the study show that the distribution of patient preeclampsia was most often found at RSU Dr. Abdoer Rahem that is a number of 125 patients (28.3%). The most characteristic mothers with preeclampsia on reproductive age (75.5%), primipara (54.6%), no have a history of the contagious disease (95.9%), no have a history of preeclampsia (83.2%). The most prevalent preeclampsia have a history of preeclampsia. Conclusion: Nurses conduct studies on pregnant women to prevent preeclampsia through a characteristic analysis of pregnant women with preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Antenatal Care Visits and Early Detection of Pre-eclampsia among Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Dini Rima Fadilah ◽  
Shrimarti Rukmini Devy
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Technique ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
The Government

<span lang="EN-US">The death of pregnant women is still the world's attention in the field of health. The SDG's indicator provides one of the goals in the health field. The target to be achieved is a global maternal mortality ratio of less than 70/100,000 live births by 2030. According to WHO, preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal death in the world, including Indonesia. East Java Province with the highest ranking in Indonesia. One of the cities in East Java which is the leading contributor to preeclampsia is Surabaya with 16 cases in 2016. The government carries out the treatment to reduce maternal mortality due to preeclampsia through antenatal care. This study aimed to analyze antenatal care visits for early detection of preeclampsia. The method in this research is qualitative research method with data retrieval technique using in-depth interview. Based on the results of research antenatal care visits have an effect on early detection of preeclampsia. Pregnant women who regularly make antenatal visits can prevent possible dangers of pregnancy as early as possible. So the maternal mortality rate (MMR) due to pre-eclampsia can be decreased.</span>

scholarly journals Global epidemiology and socio-economic development correlates of the reproductive ratio of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz P Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background The most commonly cited argument for imposing or lifting various restrictions in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an assumed impact on the reproductive ratio of the pathogen. It has furthermore been suggested that less-developed countries are particularly affected by this pandemic. Empirical evidence for this is lacking. Methods Based on a dataset covering 170 countries, patterns of empirical 7-d reproductive ratios during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Time trends and associations with socio-economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, physicians per population, extreme poverty prevalence and maternal mortality ratio, were analysed in mixed linear regression models using log-transformed reproductive ratios as the dependent variable. Results Reproductive ratios during the early phase of a pandemic exhibited high fluctuations and overall strong declines. Stable estimates were observed only several weeks into the pandemic, with a median reproductive ratio of 0.96 (interquartile range 0.72–1.34) 6 weeks into the analysis period. Unfavourable socio-economic indicators showed consistent associations with higher reproductive ratios, which were elevated by a factor of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.46), for example, in the countries in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of extreme poverty prevalence. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for the first time description of the global patterns of reproductive ratios of a novel pathogen during pandemic spread. The present study reports the first quantitative empirical evidence that COVID-19 net transmissibility remains less controlled in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, even months into the pandemic. This needs to be addressed by the global scientific community as well as international politics.

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