scholarly journals Defining the relationship of the optic radiation to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium: a focused microanatomical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Koutsarnakis ◽  
Aristotelis V. Kalyvas ◽  
Spyridon Komaitis ◽  
Faidon Liakos ◽  
Georgios P. Skandalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Part ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Collateral Sulcus ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Optic Fibers ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optic Radiations ◽  
Formalin Fixed

OBJECTIVEThe authors investigated the specific topographic relationship of the optic radiation fibers to the roof and floor of the ventricular atrium because the current literature is ambiguous.METHODSThirty-five normal, adult, formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres and 30 focused MRI slices at the level of the atrium were included in the study. The correlative anatomy of the optic radiation with regard to the atrial roof and floor was investigated in 15 specimens, each through focused fiber microdissections. The remaining 5 hemispheres were explored with particular emphasis on the trajectory of the collateral sulcus in relation to the floor of the atrium. In addition, the trajectory of the collateral sulcus was evaluated in 30 MRI scans.RESULTSThe atrial roof was observed to be devoid of optic radiations in all studied hemispheres, whereas the atrial floor was seen to harbor optic fibers on its lateral part. Moreover, the trajectory of the intraparietal sulcus, when followed, was always seen to correspond to the roof of the atrium, thus avoiding the optic pathway, whereas that of the collateral sulcus was found to lead to either the lateral atrial floor or outside the ventricle in 88% of the cases, therefore hitting the visual pathway.CONCLUSIONSOperative corridors accessing the ventricular atrium should be carefully tailored through detailed preoperative planning and effective use of intraoperative navigation to increase patient safety and enhance the surgeon’s maneuverability. The authors strongly emphasize the significance of accurate anatomical knowledge.

The Relationship of the Quaternary Structure of Factor VIII to its Biological Activities

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Counts ◽  
S.L. Paskell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Basic Subunit ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Purified factor VIII exists as a homologous series of multimers in which the protomeric unit is a dimer of the basic subunit. On reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol, clotting activity (VIII:C) persists at 90% of the initial activity when the only species present are monomers and dimers. In contrast, Von Willebrand activity (VIII:VWF) is lost concurrently with the disaggregation of multimers and is decreased to 5% of the starting activity when only monomers and dimers remain. VIII:Ag reactivity with rabbit antibody is Likewise lost on reduction, but the VIII:C activity of the reduced protein is inhibitable by hemophilic a-VIII antibodies. Unreduced VIII binds to fresh or formalin fixed platelets in the presence of ristocetin or vancomycin. Although the apparent Ka for binding is high, approximately 5 x 108 M-1, binding is dependent on an excess or ristocetin. On removal of ristocetin or vancomycin by serial dilution, platelet-bound factor VIII readily dissociates. Reduced factor VIII also binds to platelets in the presence of ristocetin with a Ka of approximately 108M-1, but does not cause platelet aggregation. These data suggest that the multimeric structure of factor VIII is not necessary for VIII:C activity nor for binding to platelets but may be important for VWF platelet-aggregating activity.

scholarly journals CYTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LYSOSOMES AND PHAGOSOMES IN KIDNEY AND LIVER BY COMBINED STAINING FOR ACID PHOSPHATASE AND INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE

1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Straus
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Portal Veins ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Formalin Fixed

After incubation of formalin-fixed, frozen sections of kidney and liver from peroxidase-treated rats in an azo dye medium for acid phosphatase, and after subsequent incubation of the same sections with benzidine, phagosomes were stained blue and lysosomes were stained red in the same cells. It was observed that newly formed phagosomes were separate from preexisting lysosomes in the tubule cells of the kidney and in the Kupffer cells of the liver at early periods after treatment with peroxidase. At later periods, the color reactions for acid phosphatase and peroxidase occurred in the same granules. The reaction of peroxidase decreased gradually and disappeared from the phago-lysosomes after 2 to 3 days, whereas the reaction for acid phosphatase persisted. In the liver, most of the injected protein was concentrated in large phagosomes located at the periphery of the cells lining the sinusoids. The peribiliary lysosomes showed a relatively weak reaction for peroxidase in the proximity of the portal veins. After pathological changes of permeability, phagosomes and lysosomes lost their normal location and fused, in the interior of many liver cells, to form large vacuoles or spheres. The effects of a reduced load of peroxidase and the effects of the pretreatment with another protein (egg white) on the phago-lysosomes of the kidney were tested. The relationship of the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes to the size of normal and pathological phago-lysosomes was discussed.

Extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and thromboinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Victoria O. Bitsadze ◽  
Ekaterina V. Slukhanchuk ◽  
Jamilya H. Khizroeva ◽  
Maria V. Tretyakova ◽  
Andrei S. Shkoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Intracellular Proteins ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article summarizes numerous studies on the relationship of biological processes such as inflammation and thrombosis. The huge role of neutrophils and the extracellular neutrophil traps (NETs) secreted by them has been demonstrated. The discovery of NETs has opened new horizons in the understanding of neutrophil biology and the role of these cells in the body. The use of chromatin in combination with the intracellular proteins, as an effective antimicrobial agent has ancient roots and changes our understanding of chromatin only as a carrier of genetic information. Through NETs, neutrophils can contribute to the development of pathological venous and arterial thrombosis or immunothrombosis, as well as atherosclerosis. NETs release has been shown to be one of the causes of thrombosis in conditions such as sepsis and cancer. The presence of NETs in these diseases and conditions makes it possible to use them or individual components as potential biomarkers. NETs and their components may be attractive as therapeutic targets. Further studies of neutrophils and NETs are needed to develop new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory and thrombotic conditions. Perhaps long-forgotten drugs will find a new area for effective use.

Research on Optic Fiber Coatings and Curing Process Monitoring of Composites Based on FBG

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1184-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu Xiao Sun ◽  
Yun Dong Ji ◽  
Yan Zi Yin ◽  
Ji Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Optic Fiber ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Optic Fibers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiber Coatings

In this paper, effect of FBG coating in curing monitoring of composites was studied. In the experiment, three kinds of sensors were embedded in the composites. Excursion of the wavelength and temperature was tested in the whole curing process. 3-point bending test of composites which FBG was embedded in was done. Results showed that FBG could be exactly reflecting the relationship of stress and strain in bending state of composites. After cured, composites were heat up to 180°C for 1 hour. Sectional appearance of different optic fibers in room temperature and high temperature was got by optical microscope.

The relationship between myocardial and hepatic T2 and T2* at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supika Kritsaneepaiboon ◽  
Natee Ina ◽  
Thirachit Chotsampancharoen ◽  
Supaporn Roymanee ◽  
Sirichai Cheewatanakornkul
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
3T Mri ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Fit

Background Cardiac and liver iron assessment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is non-invasive and used as a preclinical “endpoint” in asymptomatic patients and for serial iron measurements in iron-overloaded patients. Purpose To compare iron measurements between hepatic and myocardial T2* and T2 at 1.5T and 3T MRI in normal and iron-overloaded patients. Material and Methods The T2 and T2* values from the regions of interest (ROIs) at mid-left ventricle and mid-hepatic slices were evaluated by 1.5T and 3T MRI scans for healthy and iron-overloaded patients. Results For iron-overloaded patients, the myocardial T2 (1.5T) and myocardial T2 (3T) values were 60.3 ms (range = 56.2–64.8 ms) and 55 ms (range = 51.6–60.1 ms) (ρ = 0.3679) while the myocardial T2* (3T) 20.5 ms (range = 18.4–25.9 ms) was shorter than the myocardial T2* (1.5T) 35.9 ms (range = 31.4–39.5 ms) (ρ = 0.6454). The hepatic T2 at 1.5T and 3T were 19.1 ms (range = 14.8–27.9 ms) and 15.5 ms (14.6–20.4 ms) (ρ = 0.9444) and the hepatic T2* at 1.5T and 3T were 2.7 ms (range = 1.8–5.6 ms) and 1.8 ms (range = 1.1–2.9 ms) (ρ = 0.9826). The line of best fit exhibiting the linearity of the hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) had a slope of 2 and an intercept of –0.387 ms (R = 0.984). Conclusion Our study found myocardial T2 (1.5T) nearly equal to T2 (3T) with myocardial T2* (3T) 1.75 shorter than myocardial T2* (1.5T). The relationship of hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2* (3T) was linear with T2* (1.5T) approximately double to T2* (3T) in iron-overloaded patients. This linear relationship between hepatic T2* (1.5T) and hepatic T2 (3T) could be an alternative method for estimating liver iron concentration (LIC) from 3T.

Three-dimensional Relationships of The Optic Radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS-219-ONS-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Augusto Rubino ◽  
Albert L. Rhoton ◽  
Xiaoguang Tong ◽  
Evandro de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Body ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Anterior Edge ◽  
Temporal Horn ◽  
Anterior Loop ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
Dissection Technique ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship of the optic radiation to the landmarks important in temporal lobe surgery. METHODS: The optic radiation was dissected by applying Klingler's fiber dissection technique to 20 formalin-fixed human hemispheres. The dissections were performed with the operating microscope and imaged in three-dimensional photographs. Several measures quantified the relationship of the radiation to reliable surgical landmarks. RESULTS: In all specimens, the anterior loop of the radiation extended to the anterior tip of the roof of the temporal horn. The anterior edge of the optic radiation was located an average of 25 mm (range, 22–30 mm) behind the temporal pole. The optic radiation extended an average of 5 mm (range, 3–6 mm) anterior to the hippocampus head and 22 mm (range, 20–25 mm) anterior to the anterior edge of the lateral geniculate body. The optic radiation also extended an average of 2 mm (range, 1–3 mm) anterior to the tip of the temporal horn. The relationships of the optic radiation to important surgical landmarks are discussed. CONCLUSION: The optic radiation reached the anterior tip of the temporal horn. Resections that extend through the roof of the temporal horn more than 3 cm behind the temporal pole cross the anterior loop of the optic radiation.

scholarly journals Coix Seed Consumption Affects the Gut Microbiota and the Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Profiles of Healthy Male Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4079
Author(s):  
Minami Jinnouchi ◽  
Taisei Miyahara ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Coix Seed ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A systematic examination of the effects of traditional herbal medicines including their mechanisms could allow for their effective use and provide opportunities to develop new medicines. Coix seed has been suggested to promote spontaneous regression of viral skin infection. Purified oil from coix seed has also been suggested to increase the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes. We, herein, attempt to shed more light on the way through which coix seed affects the human systemic immune function by hypothesizing that a central role to these changes could be played through changes in the gut microbiota. To that end, healthy adult males (n = 19) were divided into two groups; 11 of them consumed cooked coix seed (160 g per day) for 7 days (intervention), while the other eight were given no intervention. One week of coix seed consumption lead to an increase of the intestinal Faecalibacterium abundance and of the abundance (as % presence of overall peripheral lymphocytes) of CD3+CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4+CD25+ cells, and naïve/memory T cell ratio. As the relationship of microbiota and skin infection has not been clarified, our findings could provide a clue to a mechanism through which coix seed could promote the spontaneous regression of viral skin infections.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF FUNCTIONAL WEAR AND THE MOST EFFECTIVE USE OF REAL ESTATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
R. Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The concepts of most efficient use (MEU) of real estate objects and functional wear and tear are closely interrelated and cannot be considered separately. The application of the MEU principle allows the expert to account for this type of wear and, vice versa, without the wear and tear, the expert cannot properly apply the MEU principle in all approaches. In the article, special attention is paid to the scheme of interaction of MEU analysis with valuation approaches through the elimination of wear and the connection of the latter with the concepts of reconstruction, modernization and repair of the object of assessment. The performance (characteristics) of buildings and structures, which are the main objects of functional wear, are considered. The place of functional wear in the structure of the accumulated wear of the objects of evaluation is shown. Ways of simplification of calculation, the situations in which it is recommended to take into account wear are considered.

scholarly journals Localisation in PET Images: Direct Fitting of the Intercommissural (AC—PC) Line

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Friston ◽  
R. E. Passingham ◽  
J. G. Nutt ◽  
J. D. Heather ◽  
G. V. Sawle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Line Passing ◽  
Occipital Pole ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

A technique is described for estimating the position of the intercommisural line (AC–PC line) directly from landmarks on positron emission tomographic (PET) images, namely the ventral aspects of the anterior and posterior corpus callosum, the thalamus, and occipital pole. The relationship of this estimate to the true AC–PC line, fitted through the centres of the anterior and posterior commissures, showed minimal vertical and angular displacement when measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Using regression analysis, the ease and reliability of fitting to these points was found to be high. This directly derived AC–PC line estimate was validated in terms of the assumptions used in the method of Fox et al. The ratio of distance between the AC–PC line and a line passing through the base of the inion (GI line) to total brain height was 0.21, as predicted. The technique has been further validated by localizing focal activation of the sensorimotor cortex. The technique is discussed in terms of absolute limits to localization of structures in the brain using noninvasive tomographic techniques in general and PET in particular.

scholarly journals Diffusion tensor imaging tractography to visualize the relationship of the optic radiation to epileptogenic lesions prior to neurosurgery

Epilepsia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin P. Winston ◽  
Mahinda Yogarajah ◽  
Mark R. Symms ◽  
Andrew W. McEvoy ◽  
Caroline Micallef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Optic Radiation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography
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