scholarly journals Reference accuracy in spine surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Montenegro ◽  
Kevin Hines ◽  
Paul P. Partyka ◽  
James Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Surgery Journals ◽  
Attention To Detail

OBJECTIVEThe references list is an important part of a scientific article that serves to confirm the accuracy of the authors’ statements. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reference accuracy in the field of spine surgery.METHODSFour major peer-reviewed spine surgery journals were chosen for this study based on their subspecialty clinical impact factors. Sixty articles per journal were selected from 12 issues each of The Spine Journal, Spine, and Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, and 40 articles were selected from 8 issues of Global Spine Journal, for a total of 220 articles. All the articles were published in 2019 and were selected using computer-generated numbers. From the references list of each article, one reference was again selected by using a computer-generated number and then checked for citation or quotation errors.RESULTSThe results indicate that 84.1% of articles have a minor citation error, 4.5% of articles have a major citation error, 9.5% of articles have a minor quotation error, and 9.1% of articles have a major quotation error. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine had the fewest citation errors compared with the other journals evaluated in this study. Using chi-square analysis, no association was determined between the occurrence of errors and potential markers of reference mistakes. Still, statistical significance was found between the occurrence of citation errors and the spine journals tested.CONCLUSIONSIn order to advance medical treatment and patient care in spine surgery, detailed documentation and attention to detail are necessary. The results from this study illustrate that improved reference accuracy is required.

Public Perceptions of a Rural Emergency Medical Services System

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Brown ◽  
N. Heramba Prasad ◽  
Kirk Grimmer
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Telephone Directory ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Lay Public

AbstractIntroduction:To determine the awareness of citizens and physicians concerning the capabilities of a rural emergency medical services (EMS) system.Hypothesis:Citizens and physicians are unaware of the capabilities of the EMS system.Methods:Residents were selected randomly from the local telephone directory and asked a series of structured questions about their EMS agency. A written survey was distributed to area physicians. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the proportion of respondents who knew the available interventions in their community with the proportion of those who did not. Statistical significance was inferred at p <0.01.Results:A total of 49% of the citizens were able to identify available skills, and 41.4% of the physicians were able to identify available skills. Physicians were less likely than were the citizens to be able to identify the skills performed by each provider (p <0.001).Conclusion:This study indicates that both physicians and the lay public have little understanding of the capabilities of their EMS system.

scholarly journals Associations between Modifiable Health-Risk Behaviors and Personality Types

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Schommer ◽  
Paul D. Tieger ◽  
Anthony W. Olson ◽  
Lawrence M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objectives: The first objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type (using the Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire) are associated with the following modifiable health-risk behaviors: smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, nutrition, sleep, depression-related stress, anxiety-related stress, healthcare professional usage, and self-discipline. The second objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type are associated with (1) the quality of patient-physician relationships, (2) patient-physician communication, and (3) preferred method for receiving information. Methods: Data were collected from 10,500 adult individuals residing in the United States via an on-line, self-administered survey coordinated by Qualtrics Panels from March 14-30, 2016. Chi-square analysis was used for making comparisons between categories of personality types and items related to health-risk behaviors. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. However, chi-square analysis with large sample sizes (e.g. 10,500 in this study) readily yields statistical significance. Practical significance was set at four or more percentage points above or below the overall mean. Results: Regarding objective 1, personality type was associated with all nine health-risk behaviors studied. Personality types within the Experiencer temperament (17% of the U.S. population) accounted for 46% of the undesirable scores we computed for health-risk behaviors. The Idealist temperament (17% of population) accounted for 32% of the undesirable scores. Conceptualizers (10% of population) accounted for 17% of the undesirable scores and Traditionalists (46% of population) accounted for 5% of the undesirable scores. Regarding objective 2, the findings showed that personality type was associated with (1) the importance people place on the patient-physician relationship, (2) which characteristics of that relationship are most desirable, (3) desire for more communication with their physician, and (4) the preferred method for receiving information. Discussion and Conclusions: Precision medicine has been proposed as a way to create a new taxonomy of disease that uses individual specific data to develop accurate diagnosis, targeted treatment, and improved health outcomes. Based on the findings of this study, we propose that inclusion of personality type is an important component of these efforts so that the health care system can conform more to the individual patient in order to increase engagement and adherence, reduce errors, minimize ineffective treatment and waste, and can be cost effective. Conflict of Interest Co-author, Paul Tieger is CEO of SpeedReading People, LLC which holds copyright for the Individual Wellness Plan and Adherence Predictive Index tools that are mentioned in this manuscript.   Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Autopsy Utilization in Medicolegal Defense of Anesthesiologists

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorri A. Lee ◽  
Linda S. Stephens ◽  
Corinne L. Fligner ◽  
Karen L. Posner ◽  
Frederick W. Cheney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
New Information ◽  
Malpractice Claims ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
American Society ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Closed Claims

Background The rate of autopsy in hospital deaths has declined from more than 50% to 2.4% over the past 50 yr. To understand the role of autopsies in anesthesia malpractice claims, we examined 980 closed claims for deaths that occurred in 1990 or later in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project Database. Methods Deaths with autopsy were compared with deaths without autopsy. Deaths with autopsy were evaluated to answer the following four questions: Did autopsy findings establish a cause of death? Did autopsy provide new information? Did autopsy identify a significant nonanesthetic contribution to death? Did autopsy help or hurt the defense of the anesthesiologist? Reliability was assessed by κ scores. Differences between groups were compared with chi-square analysis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with P &lt; 0.05 for statistical significance. Results Autopsies were performed in 551 (56%) of 980 claims for death. Evaluable autopsy information was available in 288 (52%) of 551 claims with autopsy. Patients in these 288 claims were younger and healthier than those in claims for death without autopsy (P &lt; 0.01). Autopsy provided pathologic diagnoses and an unequivocal cause of death in 21% of these 288 claims (κ= 0.71). An unexpected pathologic diagnosis was found in 50% of claims with evaluable autopsy information (κ = 0.59). Autopsy identified a significant nonanesthetic contribution in 61% (κ = 0.64) of these 288 claims. Autopsy helped in the defense of the anesthesiologist in 55% of claims and harmed the defense in 27% (κ = 0.58) of claims with evaluable autopsy information. Conclusions Autopsy findings were more often helpful than harmful in the medicolegal defense of anesthesiologists. Autopsy identified a significant nonanesthetic contribution to death in two thirds of claims with evaluable autopsy information.

The Predictive Value of Micrometastasis in Nonsentinel Lymph Nodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Glasgow ◽  
Nikhil Satchidanand ◽  
Gopal Chandru Kowdley
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Dissection ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Node Positive Disease ◽  
Completion Axillary Dissection ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The rate of micrometastatic disease (MMD) to nonsentinel lymph nodes (NSLNs) has been shown to vary considerably in the literature. We identified patients with breast cancer with MMD (N1mi) and measured the incidence of NSLN involvement. We then compared these patients with those who had no metastasis to the SLN (N0) and those who had macrometastasis to the SLN (N2) in an attempt to better understand the behavior of patients with N1mi positivity. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 574 patients with invasive breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2007. Patients were stratified into three groups: no metastasis (N0), MMD (N1mi), and macrometastasis (N2). Chi square analysis and logistic regression models using SPSS software were applied to determine significance between groups. MMD rate was 7.7 per cent (44 of 574). Of this subset of patients, 33 underwent completion axillary dissection, and only two were found to have NSLN-positive disease. Statistical significance was achieved for NSLN positivity when comparing all three nodal groups against one another (χ22,572 = 337.084, P = 0.000). Logistic regression showed multifocality and lymphovascular invasion to be significant predictors of NSLN metastasis. NSLN positivity in patients with MMD acts similarly to node-positive disease and therefore cannot completely exclude axillary dissection from therapeutic algorithm.

scholarly journals In Vivo Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets to Fluorosed Enamel using an Adhesion Promotor

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Noble ◽  
Nicholas E. Karaiskos ◽  
William A. Wiltshire
Keyword(s):  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Bond Failure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Objectives: To determine the success of bracket retention using an adhesion promoter with and without the additional microabrasion of enamel. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two teeth with severe dental fluorosis were bonded in vivo using a split-mouth design where the enamel surfaces of 26 teeth were microabraded with 50 μm of aluminum silicate for 5 seconds under rubber dam and high volume suction. Thirty-seven percent phosphoric acid was then applied to the enamel, washed and dried, and followed by placement of Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus Bonding Adhesive. Finally, precoated 3M Unitek Victory brackets were placed and light cured. The remaining teeth were bonded using the same protocol but without microabrasion. Results: After 9 months of intraoral service, only one bond failure occurred in the control group where microabrasion was used. Chi-square analysis revealed P = .31, indicating no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusions: Bonding orthodontic attachments to fluorosed enamel using an adhesion promoter is a viable clinical procedure that does not require the additional micro-mechanical abrasion step.

scholarly journals ACL Injuries Aren’t Just for Girls: The Role of Age in Predicting Pediatric ACL Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
David A. Bloom ◽  
Adam J. Wolfert ◽  
Andrew Michalowitz ◽  
Laith M. Jazrawi ◽  
Cordelia W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Acl Tear ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries than male athletes; however, the role of age in mediating this injury risk has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between age and sex in predicting ACL injury in the pediatric population. Hypothesis: Prepubescent boys are more likely to sustain an ACL injury than prepubescent girls. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data were collected from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for the state of New York from 1996 to 2016. The database was queried for patients aged ≤19 years who had been diagnosed with an ACL tear using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 844.2 or the ICD-10 (10th Revision) codes S83.512A/S83.511A/S83.519A. Patient age and sex at time of ACL injury diagnosis were recorded. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the frequency of ACL injury between groups, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 20,128 patients aged ≤19 years were diagnosed with an ACL tear (10,830 males, 9298 females; male:female, 1.16:1). In all, 129 patients aged <12 years sustained an ACL tear (85 boys, 44 girls; male:female, 1.93:1), and 19,999 of those patients were aged 12 to 19 years (10,745 males, 9254 females; male:female, 1.16:1). Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between sex and age group ( P < 0.006). Additional analysis revealed that female athletes were most at risk for ACL injury from ages 12 to 16 years, with 4025 male and 5095 female athletes sustaining ACL injuries in this group (male:female, 1:1.27; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Prepubescent boys (aged <12 years) are more likely to sustain an ACL injury than same-aged female peers. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates that the risk of ACL injury varies with age and sex throughout childhood and adolescence, further guiding treatment and prevention for these pediatric athletes.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOMETRY OF THE EXTERNAL EAR AMONG ADULT IJAWS IN BAYELSA STATE OF NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
E. I. Edibamode ◽  
K. Mordi ◽  
L. K. David ◽  
A. M. Eghoi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background. External ear measurement is of utmost importance in reconstructive surgeries. Objectives. The present study is aimed at ascertaining sexual dimorphism in external ear anthropometry and ear lobe attachments among adults Ijaws in Bayelsa, Nigeria. Methods. A total of 112 adults within the age range of 18-50 yrs, who met the inclusion criteria, were involved in the study. Four linear dimensions of the ear, which are ear length (EL), ear width (EW), lobular length (LL) and lobular width (LW), were measured for both genders. The lobular attachment for both ears for males and females were also examined and results recorded. These data were subjected to Student t-test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation using SPSS version 20.0. Results. The mean values for EL, EW, LL, and LW for the left auricle in the males and females were 58.14±0.60, 27.41±0.37, 14.47±0.27, 13.50±0.34 and 57.90±0.16, 27.45±0.65, 15.41±0.31, 13.43±0.38 respectively. However, for the right auricle in the males and females, the values were 58.40±0.45, 28.21±0.68, 14.32±0.31, 13.04±0.32, and 56.66±1.10, 27.51±0.65, 15.58±0.29, 13.28±0.34 respectively. The left and right lobular length were the only parameters that proved statistical significance (p<0.05) in females compare to males. Pearson’s correlations between right and left sides for each of the parameters were positive and significant. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between earlobe attachments and gender. Conclusions. Sexual dimorphism was thus established in the Ijaw population as regards lobular length dimensions. It is believed that the results of this study would be very useful for ear morphology and reconstructive surgeries.

scholarly journals O nieprawidłowym stosowaniu narzędzi statystycznych w badaniach ankietowych

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Halina Widła Halina Widła
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
Diagrammatic Representations ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The article explores common mistakes made while interpreting statistics in questionnaire studies, which may reflect insufficient training in researchmethodology. It reveals problems in qualitative and quantitative analysis in the published literature. It also discusses the possible reasons why errors occur in the process of constructing diagrammatic representations of the collected data. Examples of errors as they occur in published articles are also cited to prove that such problems are far from being hypothetical and do appear in research reports. They are mainly reflective of erroneous beliefs concerning statistical significance testing, chi-square analysis, covariance statistical corrections, as well as presentation of statistically inaccurate results.

scholarly journals The demise of guys : the flight of the American male from STEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Courtney McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
College Participation ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
High School Males

This mixed methods research investigates the differences between high school males who pursue the PLTW Biomedical Science program and those males who do not. The study examines males in a rural Midwestern high school, analyzing factors such as GPA, sports, clubs, work, volunteering, and whether at least one parent attended college. It also looks at how high school male students perceive the PLTW Biomedical Science program. The focus is to understand why few males enroll in the program. A survey constructed by the researcher is administered to gather quantitative data related to the previously mentioned factors. Pearson's Chi-square analysis further tests for statistical significance among the two groups of males. Additional qualitative data via interviews is collected from among the non-biomed males. The study found biomed males to have a greater GPA, participation in sports, and were more likely to work than their non-biomed counterparts. The non-biomed males were more likely to have at least one parent attend college. Participation in clubs and volunteering was not statistically significant. The perception of PLTW Biomedical Science program among non-biomed males is positive. Students feel as though their friends like the courses and talk about what a neat program it is. The non-biomed males interviewed for this study simply report not having interest in biomedicine as the main reason they did not join the program. They also reported male brains are wired differently, males are less mature than their female counterparts, and the program should be advertised as being "fun" in order to attract more males to the program.

Abstract 15463: Pre-procedural Inr, Bleeding, and Mortality in the Catheterization Lab: Does INR Still Matter in the Radial First Era?

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantum Misra ◽  
Bruce W Andrus ◽  
James T Devries
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Access Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background: Warfarin anticoagulation presents a common barrier to undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. Using radial access and other bleeding mitigation strategies, it is not known if elevated INR truly portends an increased risk of adverse events. We sought to understand the relationship between in hospital mortality and bleeding with INR in patients undergoing coronary interventional catheterization procedures. Methods: The prospectively-collected Dartmouth Dynamic Registry was queried for all patients who underwent catheterization with coronary intervention from 2014 to 2018. Of the 5015 patients identified, 2120 patients had a recorded INR value within 24 hours of the procedure. Demographics, procedural variables, and in hospital outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: INR &lt1.8 and INR &gt1.8. Incidence of bleeding (access site hematoma &gt5cm, post procedure blood transfusion) as well as in-hospital mortality were queried for each group. Stata was used to determine statistical significance, using chi-square analysis for categorical variables and standard t-test for continuous variables. Results: Of the 2120 patients with INR values, 1968 patients were identified with INR &lt1.8 (median INR 1.1; range 0.7-1.7) and 152 patients with INR &gt1.8 (median INR 2.2; range 1.8-11.1). Patients with elevated INRs had higher acuity (urgent or emergent cases) and were older. Other baseline and procedural characteristics were similar. Outcomes between those with elevated INR and those with lower INR values were similar, including access site injury, hematoma, and need for transfusion (Table I). Overall mortality did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: When compared to patients with INR &lt1.8, patients with INR &gt1.8 are more likely to undergo coronary intervention on an urgent or emergent basis. Despite this, there is no difference in bleeding, need for transfusion, or overall in-hospital mortality.

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