Определение гранулярности радиографических пленок в соответствии с ISO 11699-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Н.А. Михайлова ◽  
А.А. Демидов ◽  
В.Ю. Чертищев ◽  
Н.В. Осияненко
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Radiographic Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Graphic Film

One of important properties of the industrial radiographic films defining clearness of the received image, ‒ granularity. In specifications on any industrial radio graphic film the manufacturer besides other characteristics: radiation sensitivity, contrast, is obliged to give the information about granularity, and the firms which are carrying out tests of radio graphic films, should spend its estimation. It is demanded by the international standard ISO 11699-1:2008. The size granularity, among other characteristics defines an accessory of a radiographic film to a certain class, and, hence, possibility of its use for x-ray or gamma control of those or other objects. For an estimation granularity the specific equipment and observance of technology of this process regulated ISO 11699-1:2008 is necessary. In article the information on an estimation granularity by means of the developed stand with breadboard models of optical system and data gathering system in automatic and manual modes is resulted. The developed stand has been used for an estimation granularity radiographic film D5 (Agfa). The received experimental data within admissible disorder coincide with the data specified in the certificate of conformity to the international standards.

scholarly journals PSF correction in soft x-ray tomography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Ekman ◽  
Venera Weinhardt ◽  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Gerry McDermott ◽  
Mark A. Le Gros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Linear Approximation ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Point Spread Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iterative Schemes ◽  
Point Spread ◽  
Spread Function

AbstractIn this manuscript, we introduce a linear approximation of the forward model of soft x-ray tomography (SXT), such that the reconstruction is solvable by standard iterative schemes. This linear model takes into account the three-dimensional point spread function (PSF) of the optical system, which consequently enhances the reconstruction data. The feasibility of the model is demonstrated on both simulated and experimental data, based on theoretically estimated and experimentally measured PSFs.

Evidence for ordered Fe3Ni

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
K.B. Reuter ◽  
D.B. Williams ◽  
J.I. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Temperature Transformation

In the Fe-Ni system, although ordered FeNi and ordered Ni3Fe are experimentally well established, direct evidence for ordered Fe3Ni is unconvincing. Little experimental data for Fe3Ni exists because diffusion is sluggish at temperatures below 400°C and because alloys containing less than 29 wt% Ni undergo a martensitic transformation at room temperature. Fe-Ni phases in iron meteorites were examined in this study because iron meteorites have cooled at slow rates of about 10°C/106 years, allowing phase transformations below 400°C to occur. One low temperature transformation product, called clear taenite 2 (CT2), was of particular interest because it contains less than 30 wtZ Ni and is not martensitic. Because CT2 is only a few microns in size, the structure and Ni content were determined through electron diffraction and x-ray microanalysis. A Philips EM400T operated at 120 kV, equipped with a Tracor Northern 2000 multichannel analyzer, was used.

scholarly journals Zeolite NaP1 Functionalization for the Sorption of Metal Complexes with Biodegradable N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Dorota Kołodyńska ◽  
Yongming Ju ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The possibility of application of chitosan-modified zeolite as sorbent for Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ions and their mixtures in the presence of N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid, IDHA) under different experimental conditions were investigated. Chitosan-modified zeolite belongs to the group of biodegradable complexing agents used in fertilizer production. NaP1CS as a carrier forms a barrier to the spontaneous release of the fertilizer into soil. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); surface area determination (ASAP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), as well as thermogravimetric (TGA) methods. The concentrations of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA varied from 5–20 mg/dm3 for Cu(II), 10–40 mg/dm3 for Fe(III), 20–80 mg/dm3 for Mn(II), and 10–40 mg/dm3 for Zn(II), respectively; pH value (3–6), time (1–120 min), and temperature (293–333 K) on the sorption efficiency were tested. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe experimental data. The pH 5 proved to be appropriate for adsorption. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were consistent with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The highest desorption percentage was achieved using the HCl solution, therefore, proving that method can be used to design slow-release fertilizers.

scholarly journals Phase Relations in the ZrO2-MgO-FeOx System: Experimental Data and Assessment of Thermodynamic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Saenko ◽  
O. Fabrichnaya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Preliminary Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThermodynamic parameters were assessed for the MgO–FeOx system and combined with already available descriptions of ZrO2-FeOx and ZrO2-MgO systems to calculate preliminary phase diagrams for planning experimental investigations. Samples of selected compositions were heat treated at 1523, 1673 and 1873 K and characterized using x-ray and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Experiments indicated extension of cubic ZrO2 solid solution into the ternary system at 1873 K (75 mol.% ZrO2, 10 mol.% FeOx and 15 mol.% MgO) and limited solubility of 4 mol.% ZrO2 in spinel phase. Based on the obtained results thermodynamic parameters of C-ZrO2 and spinel phase were optimized.

scholarly journals Deep Dive Into the Effects of Food Processing on Limiting Starch Digestibility and Lowering the Glycemic Response

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Gautier Cesbron-Lavau ◽  
Aurélie Goux ◽  
Fiona Atkinson ◽  
Alexandra Meynier ◽  
Sophie Vinoy
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

During processing of cereal-based food products, starch undergoes dramatic changes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of food processing on the starch digestibility profile of cereal-based foods using advanced imaging techniques, and to determine the effect of preserving starch in its native, slowly digestible form on its in vivo metabolic fate. Four different food products using different processing technologies were evaluated: extruded products, rusks, soft-baked cakes, and rotary-molded biscuits. Imaging techniques (X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray microtomography, and electronic microscopy) were used to investigate changes in slowly digestible starch (SDS) structure that occurred during these different food processing technologies. For in vivo evaluation, International Standards for glycemic index (GI) methodology were applied on 12 healthy subjects. Rotary molding preserved starch in its intact form and resulted in the highest SDS content (28 g/100 g) and a significantly lower glycemic and insulinemic response, while the three other technologies resulted in SDS contents below 3 g/100 g. These low SDS values were due to greater disruption of the starch structure, which translated to a shift from a crystalline structure to an amorphous one. Modulation of postprandial glycemia, through starch digestibility modulation, is a meaningful target for the prevention of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Enhancing removal efficiency of anionic dye (Cibacron blue) using waste potato peels powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahina Bouhadjra ◽  
Wahiba Lemlikchi ◽  
Azedine Ferhati ◽  
Samuel Mignard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cibacron Blue ◽  
Anionic Dye ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn the present study, the potato peel waste (PP) was used for the removal of the anionic dye Cibacron Blue P3R from an aqueous solution, activated with phosphoric acid (PPa) and calcined at 800 °C (PPc). The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The effects of various experimental parameters (pH, dye concentration, contact time) were also studied. The experimental results have shown that PPc has a greater capacity compared to pp and ppa. The capacity of PP bio-char (PPc) is 270.3 mg g−1 compared to PP (100 mg g−1) and PPa (125 mg g−1). Equilibrium experiments at 180 min for all materials were carried out at optimum pH (2.2): 76.41, 88.6 and 94% for PP, PPa and PPc respectively; and the Langmuir models agreed very well with experimental data. The ability of sorbent for the sorption of CB dye follows this order: calcined > activated > native materials. Potato peel biochar (PPc) can be considered a promising adsorbent for removing persistent dyes from water.

scholarly journals Unbinding of Hyaluronan Accelerates the Enzymatic Activity of Bee Hyaluronidase

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (41) ◽  
pp. 35699-35707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Iliás ◽  
Károly Liliom ◽  
Brigitte Greiderer-Kleinlercher ◽  
Stephan Reitinger ◽  
Günter Lepperdinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Surface Loop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Binding Groove ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

Hyaluronan (HA), a polymeric glycosaminoglycan ubiquitously present in higher animals, is hydrolyzed by hyaluronidases (HAases). Here, we used bee HAase as a model enzyme to study the HA-HAase interaction. Located in close proximity to the active center, a bulky surface loop, which appears to obstruct one end of the substrate binding groove, was found to be functionally involved in HA turnover. To better understand kinetic changes in substrate interaction, binding of high molecular weight HA to catalytically inactive HAase was monitored by means of quartz crystal microbalance technology. Replacement of the delimiting loop by a tetrapeptide interconnection increased the affinity for HA up to 100-fold, with a KD below 1 nm being the highest affinity among HA-binding proteins surveyed so far. The experimental data of HA-HAase interaction were further validated showing best fit to the theoretically proposed sequential two-site model. Besides the one, which had been shown previously in course of x-ray structure determination, a previously unrecognized binding site works in conjunction with an unbinding loop that facilitates liberation of hydrolyzed HA.

ALIGNMENT PHENOMENON IN GAMMA FAMILIES WITH ENERGIES 100–1000 TEV

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 7032-7034 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. YULDASHBAEV ◽  
KH. NURITDINOV
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Emulsion Chamber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
String Models

According to Pamir X-ray Emulsion Chamber (XEC) experimental data at the energies E est > 2 × 1016 eV the fraction of events with four "aligned" most energetic particles increases sharply for families without leading secondary particles. That energy dependence is not described by Quark Gluon String Models.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of libraries – the role of ISO 16439

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Creaser
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Standard ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Library Impact ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Library impact and how to evaluate it has been debated for a number of years. While the activity – the busy-ness – of the library is now routinely measured and described, the difference the library makes is less tangible and harder to measure. Libraries in all sectors and worldwide are grappling with this issue, and the purpose of this paper is to summarise international standards available to support them. Design/methodology/approach The first international standard concerning library impact, ISO 16439 Information and documentation – methods and procedures for assessing the impact of libraries, was published in 2014 after several years in development. Findings The standard describes a range of methods for assessing library impact which have been used across the world in a variety of libraries in all sectors. Originality/value This paper summarises the key methods described in the standard, and gives references for further reading.

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