IDENTIFICATION OF INCOMPLETE PENETRATION WELDING DEFECTS ON DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC FILM FIGURES WITH THE GEOMETRIC INVARIANT MOMENT

The examination of defects in radiographic films necessitates specialized knowledge, as indicated by an expert radiographer (AR) degree, yet the subjectivity of AR in identifying defects is problematic. To overcome this subjectivity, an automatic welding defect identification is needed. This is executed by using Matlab to create artificial neural networks, which is beneficial for users with the graphical user interface (GUI) feature. One of the breakthroughs in the figure extraction into seven feature vector values is the geometric invariant moment theory. This prevents translation, rotation, and scaling from changing the figure's characteristics. Therefore, a welding defect identification system with a geometric invariant moment was created in the digital radiographic film figure to overcome the reading error by AR. The identification system obtained an accuracy rating of 89.9%.

Определение гранулярности радиографических пленок в соответствии с ISO 11699-1

One of important properties of the industrial radiographic films defining clearness of the received image, ‒ granularity. In specifications on any industrial radio graphic film the manufacturer besides other characteristics: radiation sensitivity, contrast, is obliged to give the information about granularity, and the firms which are carrying out tests of radio graphic films, should spend its estimation. It is demanded by the international standard ISO 11699-1:2008. The size granularity, among other characteristics defines an accessory of a radiographic film to a certain class, and, hence, possibility of its use for x-ray or gamma control of those or other objects. For an estimation granularity the specific equipment and observance of technology of this process regulated ISO 11699-1:2008 is necessary. In article the information on an estimation granularity by means of the developed stand with breadboard models of optical system and data gathering system in automatic and manual modes is resulted. The developed stand has been used for an estimation granularity radiographic film D5 (Agfa). The received experimental data within admissible disorder coincide with the data specified in the certificate of conformity to the international standards.

Analysis of Sensitometry in Radiographic Films using Optical Density Measurement

The sensitivity of radiographic films is an important factor to the clarity and accuracy of X-ray exposure to patients during treatment or diagnostic periods. It is therefore important to do a thorough analysis of the sensitivity of the radiographic film before and after exposure to enhance the Quality Assurance (QA) and the Quality Control (QC), of the exposure procedures. The optical densities (OD) of each film was measured, with a densitometer model MA 5336, made by GAMMEX. These values were then converted to the absorbed dose (X mGy), which is the amount of dose absorbed by each patient. The optical density versus the dose curve, followed the expected pattern, showing a good prediction from the General model, that the films employed in the exposures were of good quality and standard. Hence the optical density versus dose sensitometric curves depicts the outcome of the various films sensitivity after an exposure to the X-ray radiation through the patients.