On the clinical significance of HDL cholesterol at the present stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
V. N. Oslopov ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. Oslopova ◽  
E. V. Khazova ◽  
E. R. Girfanutdinova ◽  
...  

The leading death cause in the world is diseases of the cardiovascular system, with CHD as the leader in the structure of cardiovascular diseases. The cause of this disease is atherosclerosis. One of the possible causes of atherosclerosis is an increase in LDL-C and a decrease in HDL-C in the blood. Many epidemiological studies have reliably shown that HDL cholesterol reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Data from recent studies cast doubt on this data. The review briefly describes the current understanding of the effect of HDL-C high levels on morbidity and mortality, lists the new approaches to assessing the role and function of these particles, presents the results of clinical studies of drugs that affect their concentration in blood plasma and the probable causes leading to an increase of the HDL-Cin content in the blood.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2748-2752
Author(s):  
Roman Evgenyevich Tokmachev ◽  
Andrey Valerievich Budnevsky ◽  
Andrey Yakovlevich Kravchenko ◽  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Chernik ◽  
Sudakov Oleg Valerievich ◽  
...  

Nowadays, more than 485 million people in the world suffer from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). According to large epidemiological studies, the group of CVD is the leading cause of death in the world. One of the neurohumoral mechanisms that appears to be a risk factor for CVD is thyroid dysfunction. In this regard, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the study the influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disorders. MeSH words: cardiovascular diseases, subclinical hypothyroidism


Author(s):  
Douglas A. Irwin

This chapter concludes that international trade and trade policies are frequently the object of condemnation rather than approbation. It explains how the condemnation are often the result of misconceptions about the benefits of international trade, the impact of trade policies, and the role and function of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Though the last few decades have been marked by a general reduction in trade barriers, the matter is not settled because the pressures to weaken the commitment to open markets never abate. The chapter emphasizes on difficult policy choices at the intersection of trade policy and climate change that could hold key battles over the world trading system in coming years. It also highlights the several benefits of world trade and the contribution of trade to the welfare and prosperity of billions of people around the world.


Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Suhre ◽  
Irena Trbojević-Akmačić ◽  
Ivo Ugrina ◽  
Dennis Mook-Kanamori ◽  
Tim Spector ◽  
...  

Most human proteins are glycosylated. Attachment of complex oligosaccharides to the polypeptide part of these proteins is an integral part of their structure and function and plays a central role in many complex disorders. One approach towards deciphering this human glycan code is to study natural variation in experimentally well characterized samples and cohorts. High-throughput capable large-scale methods that allow for the comprehensive determination of blood circulating proteins and their glycans have been recently developed, but so far, no study has investigated the link between both traits. Here we map for the first time the blood plasma proteome to its matching N-glycome by correlating the levels of 1116 blood circulating proteins with 113 N-glycan traits, determined in 344 samples from individuals of Arab, South-Asian, and Filipino descent, and then replicate our findings in 46 subjects of European ancestry. We report protein-specific N-glycosylation patterns, including a correlation of core fucosylated structures with immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and of trisialylated, trigalactosylated, and triantennary structures with heparin cofactor 2 (SERPIND2). Our study reveals a detailed picture of protein N-glycosylation and suggests new avenues for the investigation of its role and function in the associated complex disorders.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Beata Franczyk ◽  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Janusz Ławiński ◽  
Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka

The specific interest concerning HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is related to its ability to uptake and return surplus cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver and, therefore, to its role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, but also transient ischemic attack and stroke. Previous epidemiological studies have indicated that HDL-C concentration is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and that it can be used for risk prediction. Some genetic disorders are characterized by markedly elevated levels of HDL-C; however, they do not translate into diminished cardiovascular risk. The search of the potential causative relationship between HDL-C and adverse events has shifted the attention of researchers towards the composition and function of the HDL molecule/subfractions. HDL possesses various cardioprotective properties. However, currently, it appears that higher HDL-C is not necessarily protective against cardiovascular disease, but it can even be harmful in extremely high quantities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Yuangga Kurnia Yahya ◽  
Umi Mahmudah

This article tries to see a phenomenon called Echo Chambers through the perspective of Stella Ting-Toomey’s Intercultural Communication Theory. This study shows that the development of social media was also followed by the shadow of Echo Chambers. The tendency to isolate oneself and associate with those who understand one another will create separate spaces between one religion and another. As a result, communication which is an effort to eliminate the polarization of the differences between "Us" and "The Others" is precisely the way to form an exclusivism in cyberspace. Among the efforts to anticipate the emergence of a gap is to create melting-pot spaces in the real world. Counter narrative also needs to be built to open these exclusive barriers. Muslim scholars sought to introduce the importance of communication in achieving the harmony in community. Some Ulama have also explained the role and function of communication in achieving the goals of the ummah, as well as trying to provide an Islamic perspective regarding communication behavior. More important, is to create a person who is a wise, open user of social media and uses epoche in looking at the world outside.


Author(s):  
Philipus Keban ◽  
Yayan Sakti Suryandaru ◽  
Nanang Haryono

Learning media is an important part of the distance learning process, especially in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. Online learning implemented in the midst of a pandemic demands innovation. The process of learning media innovation with the use of information technology is a big part of the progress of education. E-learning as a learning model in education provides a big role and function for the world of education. E-learning as a distance learning model in the education sector provides a big function and role for the world of education, especially since the Indonesian Government since March 2, 2020 (kompas.com) is facing the Covid-19 outbreak where all students at all levels are studying at home. Teachers at all levels of education as the spearhead of the implementation of education need to be empowered by providing knowledge and skills in making innovative learning media using technology. Community service that has been carried out aims to empower teachers in making technology-based learning media. This is based on the special problems faced by teacher partners (SMP Muhammadiyah 14 Paciran), the difficulty in making innovative learning media using technology. After empowerment through lectures on the importance of e-learning, followed by training on innovative learning media with movavi, and direct assistance and use of zoom, it was concluded that (a) teacher partners of SMP Muhammadiyah 14 Pondok Pesantren Karangasem Lamongan have increased knowledge (b) Teachers are capable converting PPT into visual learning media using Movavi software, (c) The teacher is able to take pictures, edit using Movavi on a smartphone. (d) At this stage the teachers are able to make learning media starting from planning by selecting important materials, taking pictures, editing learning media, to rendering so as to produce learning media that attracts students. abstrakMedia pembelajaran menjadi bagian penting dalam proses pembelajaran jarak jauh terlebih ditengah pandemi covid-19. Pembelajaran daring yang diimplementasi ditengah pandemi menuntut inovasi. Proses inovasi media pembelajaran dengan penggunakaan teknologi informasi bagian besar untuk kemajuan Pendidikan. E-learning sebagai model pembelajaran dalam pendidikan memberikan peran dan fungsi yang besar bagi dunia pendidikan. E-learning sebagai model pembelajaran jarak jauh sektor pendidikan memberikan fungsi dan peran yang besar bagi dunia pendidikan lebih-lebih saat ini Pemerintah Indonesia sejak 2 Maret 2020 (kompas.com) menghadapi wabah covid-19 dimana semua siswa pada semua jenjang belajar dirumah. Guru pada semua jenjang pendidikan sebagai ujung tombak pada pelaksanaan Pendidikan perlu diberdayakan dengan memberi bekal pengetahuan, ketrampilan dalam membeuat media pembelajaran yang inovatif dengan pemanfaatan teknologi. Pengabdian masyarakat yang telah dilaksankaan bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan guru dalam membuat media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Hal tersebut didasari permasalahan khusus yang dihadapi mitra guru (SMP Muhammadiyah 14 Paciran) kesulitan dalam pembuatan media pembelajaran inovatif dengan penggunaan teknologi. Setelah dilaksankaan pemberdayaan melalui ceramah pentingnya pembelajaran e-learning, dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan inovasi pembaatan media pembelajaran dengan movavi, dan pendampingan baik melalui langsung dan penggunaan zoom disimpulkan (a)  mitra guru SMP Muhammadiyah 14 Pondok Pesantren Karangasem Lamongan  telah bertambah pengetahuannya (b) Guru mampu mengubah PPT menjadi media pembelajaran visual dengan menggunakan software movavi, (c) Guru mampu untuk pengambilan gambar, editing menggunakan movavi pada smartphone. (d) Pada tahap ini guru-guru mampu membuat media pembelajaran mulai dari perencanaan dengan memilih materi penting, pengambilan gambar, melaksanakan editing media pembelajaran, sampai rendering sehingga menghasilkan media pembelajaran menarik siswa.


CICES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Mohammad Urfan ◽  
Desy Apriani ◽  
Dedeh Supriyanti

In the letter 12-14 Verse 23 of Qoran, it describes the process of creation of humanfrom nuthfah, turned into alaqah, mudhghah, Izham and khalqan akhar (other beings).Further, It has described in other verses like (QS:25:54), (QS:86:6-7), (QS:18:37),(QS:32:7), (QS: 37:11), (QS:15:26). After learning carefully the various verses above, wecan conclude that the body / physical is one of element that exists within the human.However, these elements have many weaknesses. The purpose of this study was toexamine the three elements that exist in human beings, then we would like to observecarefully about status, role and function of one of the most important elements in humman,which causes humans can be regarded as a perfect creature. The methods of thisobservation is examines various verses in the Qoran related to human, then we would liketo force the reader to trust and believe in the truth. Results of this study prove that humanis composed of three elements, namely the bodies (physical materiality), spirit and soul.The study concluded that soul that distinguishes human from other creatures. The soul thatcan make a human become perfect beings. Soul has been main actors and controllers all ofhuman life in the world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
Eko Hari Purnomo ◽  
Tutuk Ningsih

Abstract Government policy in the world of education during the pandemic requires teaching and learning activities to no longer be in schools, but to be diverted into distance learning activities for safety and health that are centered in their homes. Situations and conditions like this require the maximum involvement of parents and restore the role of parents in educating children essentially. The role and function of parents initially is as a place for children's education to be first and foremost in instilling religious values, shaping character and character, but during a pandemic like this where children have to study at home, the role of parents increases by accompanying children when learning is something very important. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the role of parents in accompanying children to learn during the pandemic. Data collection in the form of interviews, documentation, observation. And the type of research is qualitative.  The results of research on the role of parents in accompanying children during the pandemic show that parents are very bothered in dividing their time, energy, and smartphone. From the research results, it can be concluded that parents have a very important role in assisting children to learn during a pandemic. Learning assistance for children can be seen from explaining material that the child does not understand, how parents help children's task difficulties, communicating or borrowing a smartphone to do the tasks given by the teacher. Keywords: Role of Parents, Learning Assistance, Pandemic.   Abstrak Kebijakan pemerintah dalam dunia pendidikan saat pandemi mengharuskan kegiatan belajar mengajar tidak lagi di sekolah, namun dialihkan menjadi kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh demi keamanan dan kesehatan yang berpusat di rumah masing-masing. Situasi dan kondisi seperti ini mengharuskan interaksimorang tua secara lebihmmaksimal dan mengembalikan peran orang tua didalam mendidik anak secara hakiki. Peran dan fungsi orang tua awalnya adalah sebagai,tempat,pendidikan,anak,yang,pertama,dan,utama,didalam menanamkan nilai-nilai,,agama, membentuk karakter dan berbudi pekerti,meskipun saat terjadi pandemi seperti ini,,dimana anak harus belajar di rumah maka peran orang tua menjadi bertambah dengan mengawasi anak saat belajar merupakan hal yang begitu penting.   Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mendiskripsikan dan menganalisa anak belajar dengan didampingi orang tua dalam pandemik. Wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi merupakan pengumpulan data. Serta jenis penelitian yaitu kualitatif.  Hasil penelitian tentang anak dalam pandemic dengan didampingi oleh orang tua, menunjukkan bahwa orang tua begitu repot didalam membagi waktu, tenaga, dan smartphonnya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa orang tua memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendampingi anak untuk belajar pada saat pandemi. Bantuan belajar anak terlihat dari penjelaskan tugas yang kurang dipahami anak, bagaimana orang tua membantu anak dengan tugas yang sulit, mengkomunikasikan atau peminjamkan smartphone untuk mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh gurunya. Kata Kunci :  PeranmOrangTua, Pendampingan Belajar, Pandemik.


2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bíborka Nádró ◽  
Lilla Juhász ◽  
Anita Szentpéteri ◽  
Dénes Páll ◽  
György Paragh ◽  
...  

Abstract: Previous studies showed that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the last few decades it became obvious that beyond its plasma level, HDL structure and function have a critical role in its anti-atherogenic efficacy. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is an HDL-associated plasma protein affecting HDL metabolism and exhibits various anti-atherosclerotic functions, such as protection against oxidation and regulation of cholesterol efflux. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid mediator that regulates numerous cellular responses including cell differentiation and migration, apoptosis and vascular inflammation. The majority of S1P is associated to ApoM containing HDL particles. Therefore, ApoM and S1P content of HDL have an impact on the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, HDL-ApoM and S1P content can be altered in several pathologic conditions such as coronary artery disease. This review covers the currently available data on the contribution of ApoM and S1P to HDL function in health and cardiovascular diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.


Philosophy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-623
Author(s):  
Guy Robinson

AbstractThe paper examines the character and historical source of the mystifications of the notions of Nature and Natural Kinds in the misguided attempt to turn Nature into a secular substitute for the role played by God in the previous theological framework of thought in order to turn it into a secular one in the period of the rise of science and scientific understanding. The role and function nature was given in this would-be replacement framework turned it into a quasi-deity governing the world from outside and generated the mechanical world-view in which humans were mere cogs.Against this is set Aristotle's conception of Nature and the Natural as simply ‘what happens by and large and for the most part’—a description and not an explanation.


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