scholarly journals Major Threat to Malaria Control Programs byPlasmodium falciparumLacking Histidine-Rich Protein 2, Eritrea

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araia Berhane ◽  
Karen Anderson ◽  
Selam Mihreteab ◽  
Karryn Gresty ◽  
Eric Rogier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Major Threat

scholarly journals A multiplex qPCR approach for detection of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in multiple strain infections of Plasmodium falciparum

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Schindler ◽  
Anna C. Deal ◽  
Martina Fink ◽  
Etienne Guirou ◽  
Kara A. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The rapid and accurate diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection is an essential factor in malaria control. Currently, malaria diagnosis in the field depends heavily on using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) many of which detect circulating parasite-derived histidine-rich protein 2 antigen (PfHRP2) in capillary blood. P. falciparum strains lacking PfHRP2, due to pfhrp2 gene deletions, are an emerging threat to malaria control programs. The novel assay described here, named qHRP2/3-del, is well suited for high-throughput screening of P. falciparum isolates to identify these gene deletions. The qHRP2/3-del assay identified pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletion status correctly in 93.4% of samples with parasitemia levels higher than 5 parasites/µL when compared to nested PCR. The qHRP2/3-del assay can correctly identify pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in multiple strain co-infections, particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan countries. Deployment of this qHRP2/3-del assay will provide rapid insight into the prevalence and potential spread of P. falciparum isolates that escape surveillance by RDTs.

scholarly journals Using Rainfall and Temperature Data in the Evaluation of National Malaria Control Programs in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine C. Thomson ◽  
Israel Ukawuba ◽  
Christine L. Hershey ◽  
Adam Bennett ◽  
Pietro Ceccato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Control Programs

scholarly journals Vector-Focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Elerson Matos Rocha ◽  
Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽  
Juan Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Maisa da Silva Araujo ◽  
Bianca Cechetto Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Substantial Progress

In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been made towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to control or eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put into research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the optimization of conventional and development of innovative vector-control tools.

scholarly journals Plasmodium vivax chloroquine resistance links to pvcrt transcription in a genetic cross

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana M. Sá ◽  
Sarah R. Kaslow ◽  
Roberto R. Moraes Barros ◽  
Nicholas F. Brazeau ◽  
Christian M. Parobek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Liver Stage ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Parasite Populations

Abstract Mainstay treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria has long relied on chloroquine (CQ) against blood-stage parasites plus primaquine against dormant liver-stage forms (hypnozoites), however drug resistance confronts this regimen and threatens malaria control programs. Understanding the basis of P. vivax chloroquine resistance (CQR) will inform drug discovery and malaria control. Here we investigate the genetics of P. vivax CQR by a cross of parasites differing in drug response. Gametocytogenesis, mosquito infection, and progeny production are performed with mixed parasite populations in nonhuman primates, as methods for P. vivax cloning and in vitro cultivation remain unavailable. Linkage mapping of progeny surviving >15 mg/kg CQ identifies a 76 kb region in chromosome 1 including pvcrt, an ortholog of the Plasmodium falciparum CQR transporter gene. Transcriptional analysis supports upregulated pvcrt expression as a mechanism of CQR.

scholarly journals The Juscelino Kubitschek government and the Brazilian Malaria Control and Eradication Working Group: collaboration and conflicts in Brazilian and international health agenda, 1958-1961

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato da Silva ◽  
Carlos Henrique Assunção Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Working Group ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Control And Eradication

Malaria, a disease which was under control in the beginning of Juscelino Kubitschek government, became the most important endemic disease in 1958, when Brazil made a commitment with the World Health Organization to convert its control programs into eradication programs. For this purpose a Malaria Control and Eradication Group was set up under the leadership of the malaria specialist Mário Pinotti. Malaria would become an important bargaining chip in the context of the development policies of Kubitschek. This article focuses on path of the Malaria Control and Eradication Working Group in Brazil, in its varying relationships with the arguments and guidelines established at international level

scholarly journals Malaria Case Fatality Rate among Children under Five in Burkina Faso: An Assessment of the Spatiotemporal Trends Following the Implementation of Control Programs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Mady Ouédraogo ◽  
David Tiga Kangoye ◽  
Sékou Samadoulougou ◽  
Toussaint Rouamba ◽  
Philippe Donnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Malaria Case ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
District Level ◽  
Health District ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Control Programs

Reducing the 2015 level of malaria mortality by 90% by 2030 is a goal set by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Burkina Faso, several malaria control programs proven to be effective were implemented over the last decade. In parallel, the progressive strengthening of the health surveillance system is generating valuable data, which represents a great opportunity for analyzing the trends in malaria burden and assessing the effect of these control programs. Complementary programs were rolled out at different time points and paces, and the present work aims at investigating both the spatial and temporal pattern of malaria case fatality rate (mCFR) by considering the effect of combining specific and unspecific malaria control programs. To this end, data on severe malaria cases and malaria deaths, aggregated at health district level between January 2013 and December 2018, were extracted from the national health data repository (ENDOS-BF). A Bayesian spatiotemporal zero-inflated Poisson model was fitted to quantify the strength of the association of malaria control programs with monthly mCFR trends at health district level. The model was adjusted for contextual variables. We found that monthly mCFR decreased from 2.0 (95% IC 1.9–2.1%) to 0.9 (95% IC 0.8–1.0%) deaths for 100 severe malaria cases in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Health districts with high mCFR were identified in the northern, northwestern and southwestern parts of the country. The availability of malaria rapid diagnosis tests (IRR: 0.54; CrI: 0.47, 0.62) and treatment (IRR: 0.50; CrI: 0.41, 0.61) were significantly associated with a reduction in the mCFR. The risk of dying from malaria was lower in the period after the free healthcare policy compared with the period before (IRR: 0.47; CrI: 0.38, 0.58). Our findings highlighted locations that are most in need of targeted interventions and the necessity to sustain and strengthen the launched health programs to further reduce the malaria deaths in Burkina Faso.

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