scholarly journals CHINA’S TRADITIONAL HOUSING TYPES: EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
Tеtiana Kuzmenko ◽  
Andrii Dmytrenko
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Heritage

The article examines the evolution and diversity of traditional Chinese dwellings, Which are due to the multinational composition of the population and the natural conditions of different parts of the country. The syncretism characteristic of China also had a great influence on the formation of the dwelling. Confucianism formed the forms of family structure and norms of behavior, and Taoist principles and Buddhist rules – interaction with the world. The most common type of dwelling is the siheyuan, which is based on Chinese tradition and philosophy. This term is the key to creating an ensemble, regardless of the hierarchy and location of the settlement. The country has a very large variety of landscape and climatic territories, a rich historical heritage, a huge number of nationalities, which in interrelation have formed an equally rich historical typology of residential buildings. However, China has its own special differences that played a crucial role shaping the typology of housing. These are, first of all, inviolable forms of family structure and norms of behavior based on centuries-old dogmas of Confucianism, developed by the Taoist principles of interaction with the Buddhist worldview. In general, in different regions of China there were various modifications of the traditional type of house Siheyuan, which is certainly due to the peculiarities of climatic, economic and social conditions. The peculiarities of Chinese architecture have made the concept of siheyuan key in creating any ensemble in settlement. All buildings are subject to the rules of siheyuan (si – the four corners of the world, he – the environment, yuan – the garden, in this case, the garden with the yard). Its essence is that any complex is created around the yard, if there are several, then the main yard. All buildings are strictly symmetrical along the longitudinal axis. 

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Novel Coronavirus: Molecular Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-66
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Jha ◽  
Madhan Jeyaraman ◽  
Mahesh Rachamalla ◽  
Shreesh Ojha ◽  
Kamal Dua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Nano Medicine

An outbreak of “Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology” occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. Later, the agent factor was identified and coined as SARS-CoV-2, and the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In a shorter period, this newly emergent infection brought the world to a standstill. On 11 March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Researchers across the globe have joined their hands to investigate SARS-CoV-2 in terms of pathogenicity, transmissibility, and deduce therapeutics to subjugate this infection. The researchers and scholars practicing different arts of medicine are on an extensive quest to come up with safer ways to curb the pathological implications of this viral infection. A huge number of clinical trials are underway from the branch of allopathy and naturopathy. Besides, a paradigm shift on cellular therapy and nano-medicine protocols has to be optimized for better clinical and functional outcomes of COVID-19-affected individuals. This article unveils a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis mode of spread, and various treatment modalities to combat COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Colonial Architecture in Panama City. Analysis of the Heritage Value of Its Monastic Buildings

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Antonio Cubero Hernández ◽  
Silvia Arroyo Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Heritage Preservation ◽  
Panama City ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Loss ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Historical Heritage

The Historic District of Panama City was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1997 for representing an exceptional example of 17th century colonial urban planning in the Americas. This article focuses on the specific analysis of the deteriorated monastic typology, highlighting its historical role as an articulating piece of the original urban layout designed in 1673 after the transfer from Panamá Viejo to the current location and which continues today. Our methodology consisted of reviewing the different stages of each of these buildings, extracting common events, and identifying the examples of the greatest value loss, with the aim of enhancing and highlighting their historical footprint. This study includes approaches from urbanism, architectural history, and heritage preservation that allows us to discuss possible tools, either for protection or adaptative reuse, to avoid the deterioration of such important historical heritage.

New Translations from Four Corners of the World

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Buddhadeva Bose ◽  
Arunava Sinha ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
David Bellos ◽  
Keizo Hino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Four Corners ◽  
The World

scholarly journals SMART SECURITY AND SAFETY INDEX MEASUREMENT: A CASE STUDY IN BANDUNG INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Indrawati ◽  
Tania Dayarani ◽  
Husni Amani
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Index Level ◽  
The City

Purpose: Nowadays, the development of technology is very fast and increasingly sophisticated; no doubt all the problems in a city can be solved quickly and well. Hence, facing a huge number of the urban population, the city must adopt the strategy of smart city so that the standard of life can be improved. Some of the cities in the world have applied the concept of smart city. One of the dimensions in smart city concept is smart security and safety. This study aims to know the indicators and index level of smart security and safety in Bandung city of Indonesia. This research explores the indicators and measures the index level of smart security and safety in Bandung.  Methodology: The research method characteristics applied in this study is the exploratory sequential mixed method. Main Findings: This study finds that there are 20 indicators to measure the index level of smart security and safety. The smart security and safety level of Bandung city is 72% which is considered that on average the measured indicators are already good enough and satisfied, but there are some indicators that should be improved. The variable that should be improved is variable of Awareness and Understanding which has score of 49%. Implications/Applications: It is suggested by this study that the socialization of smart security and safety program such as Panic Button Application, LAPOR! The website should be more effective through making socialization more targeted and real.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES IMPOSED ON OWNERS AND MANAGERS OF LISTED HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cardoso Romão Freitas ◽  
Fabiane Domingues de Magalhães de Almeida ◽  
Alcides Garcia Junior
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The worldwide concern regarding sustainable urban development has been increasing as the populations of countries increase and demand more consumption of the already scarce natural resources. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that 55% of the world population lives in urban centers, with the perspective of surpassing 68% in 2050. In Brazil, 84% of the population today live in the cities. One of the goals of sustainable development is to make cities more sustainable and inclusive and, to accomplish such goal, many variables need to be accomplished, among which is the strengthening of efforts to protect and safeguard cities’ cultural heritage, for the present and future generations. Seeing as São Paulo is the 10th urban city in the world, and its historical heritage preservation policies are recent and in the process of being outlined, this research strives to answer: What are the main challenges identified by owners/managers of listed historical buildings in São Paulo, which stand in the way of conserving/preserving their properties? Results revealed that the main challenges are a lack of knowledge about what interventions can be done to the property, lack of knowledge on incentive laws and more feasible ways for the conservation of historical sites and dealing with excessive bureaucracy. Such results contribute to the implementation of urban development policies focused on the sustainable goal of safeguarding the city’s cultural heritage, in order to propitiate advancements in preserving the memory and identity of the city through the conservation of properties listed as historical heritage.  

scholarly journals PATHYAPATHYA IN PRAMEHA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1806-1814
Author(s):  
Ripsa Raj K. P ◽  
P Sudhakar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Population

Diabetes mellitus is becoming the fastest considerable disease in the world. India has been estimated with the fast- est-growing population of Diabetics. According to International Diabetic Federation (IDF), the total number of Diabetic subjects will be around 151 million in India by 2045. The clinical entity of Prameha can be correlated with Diabetes Mellitus. It is considered a Lifestyle disorder, the food, drinks and sedentary habits are having a great influence on this disorder. In Ayurveda classics elaborately mentioned the Nidana (causative factors) and Pathya ahara (wholesome food & drinks) and Apathya ahara (unwholesome food & drinks), Pathya Vihara (Conducive lifestyle) and Apathya Vihara (Non-Conducive lifestyle) of Prameha. The classification of Prameha as per Susruta Samhita as Apathya nimittaja Prameha and Beeja doshaja Prameha indicates the importance of Ahara and Vihara in prevention as well as management of this disease. In this article, a sincere attempt has been made to incorporate the principles of Ayurveda and Modern medical science with a scientific explanation regarding Pathya (Diet) and Vihara (lifestyle) in Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus). Keywords: Pathya, Apathya, Prameha, Ahara, Vihara.

scholarly journals Cambridge Servicemen’s Memorial (Breuer, 1945): espacio público para el recuerdo

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Salvador José Sanchís Gisbert ◽  
Pedro Ponce Gregorio ◽  
Ignacio Peris Blat
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Strong Commitment

Marcel Breuer was in the first year of architectural technicians to graduate from Bauhaus School. The peculiar education he received there allowed him to explore the concept of design in its broadest sense. In his European stage we find, on the most private and small scale, unique solutions for furniture. In his first American stage we see a strong commitment with solutions related to the residential land and, when he earned international recognition, he developed large scale solutions for his public non-residential buildings and urban equipments in locations all over the world. It is strange to see that an architect like him did not have the opportunity to materialize any of his proposals associated with the public space. The 1945 Cambridge Servicemen’s Memorial project, also known as the Memorial War, is the most significant one he developed in his last years in Cambridge. Had it been built, it would have been a valuable example of modernity and contemporary reinterpretation of the monument in the public space.

scholarly journals Understanding the Incremental Impact of Built Environment on Climate Change of Metropolitan City Karachi

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-685
Author(s):  
Nimra Kanwal ◽  
Nuhzat Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Green Area ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Buildings are the most important part of development activities, consumed over one-thirds of the global energy. Household used the maximum energy around the world, likewise in Pakistan residential buildings consumed about half of total energy (45.9% per year). The study aims to analyze the impact of building design on climate of Metropolitan City Karachi, Pakistan and to evaluate the change in urbanization patterns and energy consumption in the buildings. To have better understanding of the issues correlations was established amongst population, urbanization patterns, green area, number of buildings (residential and commercial), building design, energy consumption and metrological records (climate change parameters) by collecting the data from the respective departments. With the help of the collected data amount of carbon dioxide was estimated. The results reveled that during last 36 years the urban population of Karachi increased exponentially from 5,208,000 (1981) to 14,737,257 (2017) with increase in urbanized area from 8.35 km2 (1946) to 3,640 km2 (2017) that may led to reduce the green area of the city from 495,000 hectors (1971) to 100,000 hectors (2015). Moreover, the building’s design and numbers are being changed from 21 high-rise buildings (2009) to 344 (2017). It may be concluded that change in temperature pattern and climatic variability of the city may be due to increase in population and change in lifestyle that lead to high energy consumption that is prime source of increased in CO2 emission in the environment of Karachi city, However, Greenhouse Gases (GHG) releases are much lower than the levels reported from metropolitan cities around the world.

How is table tennis used to boost the development of Shanghai? Interviewing the executive director of Shanghai Table Tennis Association

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Hao Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Star Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Heritage

PurposeScholars have examined the relationship between sports and urban development and proposed to use sport programs and events as a catalyst to revitalize communities, upgrade urban infrastructure, promote city image, shift economic structure, nurture an active lifestyle, and enhance societal harmony and solidarity. Yet, previous studies were usually focused on mega sport events and were typically conceptual, theoretical and lack of practical applications. This study was designed to attain in-depth understanding on how a specific sport, table tennis, can be systematically organized and utilized to influence urban development through a qualitative research injury.Design/methodology/approachThis investigation was carried by conducting in-depth interviews of the executive director of the Shanghai Table Tennis Association, on-site observations and comprehensive review of literature. Development of interview questions took into consideration the conceptual framework postulated by Preuss (2007) that contains six structures of urban development through sports. Triangulation analyses were conducted to cross validate the three information sources to generate themes and assertions.FindingsWhile the identified practices were consistent with Preuss' (2007) framework, specific management activities earnestly practiced in Shanghai are centered on utilizing cultural and historical heritage, star power, branding strategies, staging tournaments, hallmark events, technical innovation and government relations to achieve the objectives of table tennis as a sport and the objectives of urban development through table tennis.Originality/valueThe findings of this study help fill the void that a theory usually cannot specify, namely, detailed, unambiguous practices. While table tennis may be a viewed as a small sport in many parts of the world, it has a strong, unprecedented historical heritage in Shanghai. This city has made a prudent choice and investment in this sport, which has proved to be effective. Other cities in the world should look into their own social, cultural and historical heritage and develop sport strategies, operations and programs accordingly.

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