scholarly journals Modelle zur Inneren Sicherheit: Neue Volkspolizisten oder Schandi zum Anfassen? Vom ABV zum KOBB

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (101) ◽  
pp. 603-623
Author(s):  
Stefan Hornbostel ◽  
Christopher Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Models ◽  
Prevention Programmes

In recent debates on inner security, there has been a clemand, not only for greater technical efficiency, but also for an increase in community-oriented behavior by the police. New models of local prevention politics and their traditions in the FRG and the GOR are discussed in this paper. The suggestion is, that despite basic differences between the two political and juridical systems, functional equivalents have emerged. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of local prevention programmes are considered.

scholarly journals Too Much Of A Good Thing? A Review Of Volatility Extensions In Black-Scholes

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamya Kermiche
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Implied Volatility ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Pricing Models ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Black Scholes ◽  
New Models ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
New Type

Since the seminal Black and Scholes model was introduced in the 1970s, researchers and practitioners have been continuously developing new models to enhance the original. All these models aim to ease one or more of the Black and Scholes assumptions, but this often results in a set of equations that is difficult if not impossible to use in practice. Nevertheless, in the wake of the financial crisis, an understanding of the various pricing models is essential to calm investors nerves. This paper reviews the models developed since Black and Scholes, giving the advantages and disadvantages of each type. It focuses on the main variable for which Black and Scholes gives results that differ widely from market data: implied volatility. This variable also forms the basis for the development of a new type of models, called market models.

Comparison of Six Passive Exoskeletons for Upper Limbs Using the TOPSIS Method

2022 ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Pablo Antonio Muñoz Gutierrez ◽  
Juan Luis Hernández-Arellano ◽  
Juan Alberto Castillo Martinez ◽  
Aide Aracely Maldonado-Macias
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
New Models

The use of exoskeletons in occupational tasks has increased significantly in the last five years. However, few comparative studies have been conducted to understand the advantages and disadvantages of existing exoskeletons. This chapter presents the comparison of six exoskeletons using the TOPSIS method. Using databases of patents and commercial products, a total of six that were chosen to be compared by experts in the design and/or use of exoskeletons. The criteria evaluated were exoskeleton weight, load capacity, anthropometric adjusts, maintenance, and installation on the user. The Shoulder-X exoskeleton was selected as the best, serving as a reference for the acquisition of characteristics for recommendations for the development of new models for use in occupational tasks.

scholarly journals Arrangement features of the ecological settlement in the Baikal natural territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042040
Author(s):  
V Bykasova ◽  
K Kolodin
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Models ◽  
Ecological Tourism ◽  
Unesco Sites ◽  
Natural Territory

Abstract The article reviews one of the types of ecological tourism – ecological settlement, its history, advantages and disadvantages. The domestic experience of ecological settlement engineering according to the criteria was analyzed, as well as the experience of existing settlements in the Baikal Natural Territory. The generally accepted scheme of ecological settlement arrangement cannot be implemented in its original form, since each site has its own features. Lake Baikal and its adjacent territories are UNESCO sites, have difficult climatic, geomorphological, landscape conditions, etc. The relevance of ecological settlement arrangement in this territory has been proved. As a result of the analyzes, a scheme of ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT was created. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to expand the field of research and search for new models. Cluster-based ecological settlements can serve as one of the directions for development. However, one of the most effective ways to check the results is the actual ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT with subsequent study during construction and operation.

Enterprise Bargaining: An Overview

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Blain
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Federal System ◽  
National Party ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Models ◽  
Definition Of

The primary aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the merits of enterprise bargaining by providing a wideranging overview. It provides a comprehensive definition of enterprise bargaining which enables a broad range of perspectives to be encompassed and helps to structure the discussion of the immediate context and the wider policy settings of the debate. The paper demonstrates that enterprise bargaining is not new. It identifies a number of current or proposed systems of enterprise bargaining the present federal system, the New South Wales model the BCA proposal the Federal Liberal/National Party approach, and the New Zealand model. These are then evaluated, making use of a simple conceptual framework. The analysis indicates that each system has its advantages and disadvantages, its supporters and critics. Its findings suggest that positive and negative features of all models should be taken into account, not only in the continuing debate on enterprise bargaining, but also in me improvement of existing enterprise bargaining systems and in the design of new models.

Influence of a smartphone on human health

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kropotova ◽  
Anastasia Shitova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Models ◽  
The One

Every year smartphone manufacturers produce increasingly new models. And every such innovation changes our lives, simplifying it on the one hand and complicating it on the other. The article presents the results of research work on the advantages and disadvantages of smartphones revealed during their operation.

Cryogenic atomic force microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
K. A. Fisher ◽  
M. G. L. Gustafsson ◽  
M. B. Shattuck ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flexible Molecules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Chemical Perturbation

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of imaging electrically conductive and non-conductive surfaces at atomic resolution. When used to image biological samples, however, lateral resolution is often limited to nanometer levels, due primarily to AFM tip/sample interactions. Several approaches to immobilize and stabilize soft or flexible molecules for AFM have been examined, notably, tethering coating, and freezing. Although each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, rapid freezing techniques have the special advantage of avoiding chemical perturbation, and minimizing physical disruption of the sample. Scanning with an AFM at cryogenic temperatures has the potential to image frozen biomolecules at high resolution. We have constructed a force microscope capable of operating immersed in liquid n-pentane and have tested its performance at room temperature with carbon and metal-coated samples, and at 143° K with uncoated ferritin and purple membrane (PM).

A conduction-cooled stage for high-resolution Cryo-SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1282-1283
Author(s):  
John G. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Particulate Suspensions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Convection Cooling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The goal is to examine with high resolution cryo-SEM aqueous particulate suspensions used in coatings for printable paper. A metal-coating chamber for cryo-preparation of such suspensions was described previously. Here, a new conduction-cooling system for the stage and cold-trap in an SEM specimen chamber is described. Its advantages and disadvantages are compared to a convection-cooling system made by Hexland (model CT1000A) and its mechanical stability is demonstrated by examining a sample of styrene-butadiene latex.In recent high resolution cryo-SEM, some stages are cooled by conduction, others by convection. In the latter, heat is convected from the specimen stage by cold nitrogen gas from a liquid-nitrogen cooled evaporative heat exchanger. The advantage is the fast cooling: the Hexland CT1000A cools the stage from ambient temperature to 88 K in about 20 min. However it consumes huge amounts of liquid-nitrogen and nitrogen gas: about 1 ℓ/h of liquid-nitrogen and 400 gm/h of nitrogen gas. Its liquid-nitrogen vessel must be re-filled at least every 40 min.

Computer simulations for the TEM bend contour technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Kolosov ◽  
Anders R. Thölén
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Beam Method ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Contour Technique

In this paper we give a short overview of two TEM applications utilizing the extinction bend contour technique (BC) giving the advantages and disadvantages; especially we consider two areas in which the BC technique remains unique. Special attention is given to an approach including computer simulations of TEM micrographs.BC patterns are often observed in TEM studies but are rarely exploited in a serious way. However, this type of diffraction contrast was one of the first to be used for analysis of imperfections in crystalline foils, but since then only some groups have utilized the BC technique. The most extensive studies were performed by Steeds, Eades and colleagues. They were the first to demonstrate the unique possibilities of the BC method and named it real space crystallography, which developed later into the somewhat similar but more powerful convergent beam method. Maybe, due to the difficulties in analysis, BCs have seldom been used in TEM, and then mainly to visualize different imperfections and transformations.

Instrumental Assessment in Cleft Palate Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Perry ◽  
Graham Schenck
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Instrumental Assessment ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Hypernasal Speech ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
And Function

Despite advances in surgical management, it is estimated that 20–30% of children with repaired cleft palate will continue to have hypernasal speech and require a second surgery to create normal velopharyngeal function (Bricknell, McFadden, & Curran, 2002; Härtel, Karsten, & Gundlach, 1994; McWilliams, 1990). A qualitative perceptual assessment by a speech-language pathologist is considered the most important step of the evaluation for children with resonance disorders (Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, & Karnell, 2010). Direct and indirect instrumental analyses should be used to confirm or validate the perceptual evaluation of an experienced speech-language pathologist (Paal, Reulbach, Strobel-Schwarthoff, Nkenke, & Schuster, 2005). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current instrumental assessment methods used in cleft palate care. Both direct and indirect instrumental procedures will be reviewed with descriptions of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Lastly, new developments for evaluating velopharyngeal structures and function will be provided.

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