Multisensory working memory in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Working memory impairments are commonly-reported in individuals with ASD, although these reports have been limited to unisensory memory within a single sensory domain. Recent studies have begun to quantify and characterize the development of the domain-general and domain-specific mental faculties that support multisensory working memory. It remains unclear whether ASD-related working memory impairments may be associated with disruptions in domain-general and/or domain-specific resources and whether atypical sensory processing, a prevalent diagnostic criterion of ASD, may impact these cognitive processes. The current study was designed to assess unisensory and multisensory working memory and to elucidate the extent to which domain-general and domain-specific processes may contribute to documented working memory deficits in ASD. A secondary goal was to explore how atypical sensory processing (as reflected by caregiver report) may relate to these findings. A sample of 55 adolescents (32 with ASD and 23 without ASD) ages 11 to 15 were administered working memory tasks consisting of unisensory (visual or auditory) and multisensory (visual and auditory) to-be-remembered stimuli. Results confirmed the presence of unisensory working memory deficits in adolescents with ASD. Regarding multisensory working memory, an atypical pattern of domain-general and domain-specific components was identified in younger adolescents with ASD. Evidence was demonstrated that this difference may normalize later in adolescence. Elevated sensory symptomology (i.e., hyperreactivity and sensation avoidance) was negatively correlated with multisensory, but not unisensory, working memory. Future research should continue to explore the role of modality (unisensory vs multisensory), integration, and sensory functioning in working memory.