scholarly journals About determination of the threshold ionization energy losses for the latent tracks formation in crystalline Si 3 N 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
A. Ibrayeva ◽  
◽  
A. Janse van Vuuren ◽  
V. Skuratov ◽  
M. Zdorovets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Energy ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Threshold Ionization

On the determination of thermal ionization energy of deep centers from ESR data

1983 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Godlewski ◽  
H. Przybylińska ◽  
J. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Energy ◽  
Thermal Ionization ◽  
Deep Centers

scholarly journals Calculations, norming and reducing of electrical energy losses in city electrical networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
A. V. Lykin ◽  
E. A. Utkin
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Electrical Networks

The article considers the feasibility of changing the structure of a distribution electrical network by transferring points of electricity transformation as close to consumers as possible. This approach is based on installation of pole-mounted transformer substations (PMTS) near consumer groups and changes the topology of the electrical network. At the same time, for groups of consumers, the configuration of sections of the low-voltage network, including service drops, changes. The efficiency of approaching transformer substations to consumers was estimated by the reduction in electrical energy losses due to the expansion of the high-voltage network. The calculation of electrical losses was carried out according to twenty-four hour consumer demand curve. To estimate the power losses in each section of the electrical network of high and low voltage, the calculated expressions were obtained. For the considered example, the electrical energy losses in the whole network with a modified topology is reduced by about two times, while in a high-voltage network with the same transmitted power, the losses are reduced to a practically insignificant level, and in installed PMTS transformers they increase mainly due to the rise in total idle losses. The payback period of additional capital investments in option with modified topology will be significantly greater if payback is assessed only by saving losses cost. Consequently, the determination of the feasibility of applying this approach should be carried out taking into account such factors as increasing the reliability of electricity supply, improving the quality of electricity, and increasing the power transmission capacity of the main part of electrical network.

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