scholarly journals Kajian Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus. L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Yuni Kurniati ◽  
Iis Elfy Khasanah ◽  
Kurniawati Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Journal Review ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
High Octane

Ethanol is a fuel with a high octane number and is environmentally friendly. Bioethanol which can be made from biomass materials such as pineapple peel, is considered not to interfere with food security. With a fairly high carbohydrate and glucose content, pineapple can be converted into reducing sugars that can be fermented to produce ethanol. This study was conducted using the journal review method and aims to determine the mechanism, the variables that play the role, and the optimum conditions of fermentation in the manufacture of bioethanol from pineapple peel. The focus of the analysis was on hydrolysis, namely the type, concentration of the hydrolyzing agent, pH, temperature, and concentration of yeast in fermentation. The analysis from previous studies, the best hydrolysis was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with a concentration of 1%-2%. The optimum pH of fermentation was found at pH 5 to pH 6, the fermentation temperature was 30 oC with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae concentration of 1.5% – 2%, and the optimum fermentation time occurred in the range of 48 to 96 hours. The high amount of reducing sugar produces a high amount of ethanol as well.

scholarly journals SINTESIS MEMBRAN NATA DE PINA DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA TEKSTIL REMAZOL RED RB

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
I N. Sukarta
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Remazol Red ◽  
Test Result

This study utilized pineapple peel waste into a membrane of nata de pina and used as an adsorbent for remazol red RB. The purpose of this study was to synthesis nata de pina membranes, determine the optimum pH, concentration and contact time of adsorption, isotherm pattern, and the maximum adsorption. The results indicated that cellulose nata de pina membranes were successfully synthesized and had the potential to become adsorbents for absorbing remazol red RB dyes. FTIR results showed that membrane nata de pina was a cellulose based membrane with swelling test result of 187.9%. The optimum conditions were at pH 2 with adsorption capacity of 17.12 mg/g, concentration of 80 mg/L with absorption capacity of 22.36 mg/g and contact time at 120 minutes with absorption capacity of 25.29 mg/g. The adsorption of remazol red RB dye has fulfilled the pattern of Langmuir adsorption isotherm with maximum adsorption of 0.0219 g/g or 21.9 mg/g adsorbent. Keywords: Adsorption, Nata de pina, membrane, Remazol red RB

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽  
GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

scholarly journals Optimal Conditions For Production Acidic D-Xylanase By Aspergillus niger in Submerged Fermentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Muhamed Omar Abdulatif ◽  
Hyder H. Assmaeel ◽  
Raghad kadhim Obeid ◽  
Ayat Adnan Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Primary Isolation ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Optimum Period

he Xylanase producing strain Aspergillus niger was isolated from soil on potato dextrose agar in the presence of xylan as its first substrate for primary isolation, and then grown under liquid medium fermentation in the presence of crude xylan (rice husk) to produce D-Xylanase. the optimum conditions were determined as follows: the Optimum pH for xylanase production was found pH 5.0, xylanase was induced by xylan (rice husk) 0.1% and the production was (61.221 U/ml) and nitrogen source Yeast extract recorded highest enzyme production( 89.71 U/ml), and repressed by carbon source xylose the highest enzyme production (88.69 U/ml). The optimum temperature was 40°с for xylanase production was (35.15 U/ml), the optimum period after 7 days of incubation was (52.33 U/ml) ,the optimum substrate concentration 0.1% was (45.95 U/ml), and the optimum inoculum size was 1 x 106 (spore /ml) recorded (57.19 U/ml ).

scholarly journals The Study of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Waste Based-Electrolyte Medium: A Simple Experiment Design for the Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Irvan Maulana Firdaus ◽  
Rosiana Dewi Silvia ◽  
Ahmad Faqih Amin ◽  
Rajwa Vourza Tsaqifa ◽  
Ira Purnama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Pineapple Peel

<p>To promote the student curiosity and understanding in the electrolyte medium was carried out using home-made Volta cell. The electrode materials were iron and carbon for anode (-) and cathode (+), respectively. The experiment was designed by two models that were single-chamber (SC) and three series-packed chambers (3-SCs), respectively. Electrolyte properties could be investigated in pineapple peel (<em>Ananas comosus </em>L.)-based electrolyte medium during the operating time of 8 hours, respectively. The measured-voltage of 2.63 and 2.60 of the 3-SCs system could turn on the LED lamp. However, in this study, the decrease of voltage and current were due to the oxidation process of the pineapple peel-based medium under air, room temperature, and normal pressure during the long-operating time of the experiment. Finally, this research expected to provide additional valuable experience and knowledge as same as to facilitate in information delivering to the students in understanding the electrolyte medium from the waste or natural sources.</p>

scholarly journals Preparation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of an Inulosucrase Mutant for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Inulin-Type Fructooligosaccharides

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapon Charoenwongpaiboon ◽  
Rath Pichyangkura ◽  
Robert A. Field ◽  
Manchumas Hengsakul Prousoontorn
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Product Specificity ◽  
Product Characterization ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Probiotic Activity

Fructooligosaccharides are well-known carbohydrate molecules that exhibit good probiotic activity and are widely used as sweeteners. Inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (IFOs) can be synthesized from sucrose using inulosucrase. In this study, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (R483A-LrInu) were prepared and used as a biocatalyst for IFOs production. Under optimum conditions, R483A-LrInu CLEAs retained 42% of original inulosucrase activity. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimum pH of inulosucrase changed from 5 to 4 after immobilization, while the optimum temperature was unchanged. Furthermore, the pH stability and thermostability of the R483A-LrInu CLEAs was significantly improved. IFOs product characterization indicated that the product specificity of the enzyme was impacted by CLEA generation, producing a narrower range of IFOs than the soluble enzyme. In addition, the R483A-LrInu CLEAs showed operational stability in the batch synthesis of IFOs.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen nutrition, fungicide treatment and wheat genotype on free asparagine and reducing sugars content as precursors of acrylamide formation in bread

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinek ◽  
K. Klem ◽  
M. Váňová ◽  
V. Bartáčková ◽  
L. Večerková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Leaf Disease

Acrylamide, a monomer with neurotoxic and potential carcinogenic effect, is formed via the Maillard reaction in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. The major acrylamide precursors are reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to analyse effects of nitrogen nutrition, leaf disease control, wheat genotype and their interactions on acrylamide precursors content in wheat flour. Asparagine content was generally increasing at higher nitrogen doses, and nitrogen dose increase from 0 to 180 kg/ha increased the asparagine content to about 250%. The highest asparagine levels were determined at early spring nitrogen application. In the year 2006 with high leaf disease infestation, fungicide treatment decreased asparagine content particularly at higher nitrogen doses. In 2007, the effect of leaf disease control did not express in respect of very low infestation level. Close relationship between protein content and free asparagine in wheat flour was determined when leaf disease stress (fungicide treatment) and drought stress (year) were constant. Asparagine content was strongly influenced by wheat genotype and the differences between genotypes exceeded 200%. Effect of higher intensity was lower as compared to nitrogen nutrition, with regard to compensatory effect of fungicide treatments. Glucose content in wheat flour decreased both with fungicide treatment and total intensity level. Nitrogen dose increased glucose content up to 120 kg N/ha. Higher nitrogen doses decreased glucose content to initial level.

A Semiautomated Method for Determining Amylase Activity in Serum and Urine

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Lott ◽  
Joan E Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Endogenous Glucose ◽  
Semiautomated Method ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Serum or urine is incubated at 50°C with a substrate containing dextrin. The endogenous glucose and reducing sugars liberated from the substrate by amylase are separately determined on the AutoAnalyzer by use of alkaline potassium ferricyanide. Optimum conditions and limitations were evaluated. The method is compared to those of Henry and Chiamori (Somogyi) and Fishman and Doubilet. Normal values for serum and urine are presented.

Comparative study of the physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of eight flours obtained from different plant materials found in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seneida Lopera-Cardona ◽  
Cecilia Gallardo ◽  
Jairo Umaña-Gallego ◽  
Lina María Gil
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Yellow Peas ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms

The physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of flour from green plantains ( Musa acuminata) of the large green plantain variety, oyster mushrooms ( Pleorotus ostreatus), pineapple peel ( Ananas comosus) of the ‘apple pineapple’ variety, yellow peas ( Pisum sativum), chickpeas ( Cicer arietinum), whole grain rice ( Oryza sativa), whole grain corn ( Zea mays) and whole grain white quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and principal component analysis chemical composition of the eight flours, statistically differed ( p < 0.05). Oyster mushroom and yellow pea flours had the greatest protein content (28.92 and 21.02%, respectively), whereas the pineapple peel, peas and corn stood out for their high contents of Fe and Zn. All flours exhibited emulsifying and foaming activities, while hydration and interfacial properties showed statistically significant negative correlations. There was a clear relationship between levels of protein and carbohydrates and gelation and syneresis phenomena in thermally treated flour suspensions. According to principal component analysis of functional, physicochemical and compositional properties, flours were classified into five groups of raw materials: (1) yellow peas, (2) chickpeas, rice, corn and quinoa, (3) green plantain, (4) pineapple peel and (5) oyster mushrooms. Results are promising to formulate mixes and composite flours for fortification and/or enrichment of food products by using different technological processes.

scholarly journals Effect of starter sources and old fermentation on making nata de whey towards chemical quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Asmaul Khusna ◽  
Anis Prastujati ◽  
Shinta Setiadevi ◽  
Mustofa Hilmi
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
The Difference

Whey cheese is a by-product of traditional or modern cheese-making processes. The yield of each cheesemaking reaches around 83% of the volume of milk used.whey can be processed into nata de whey by adding Acetobacterxylinum. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of fermentation duration and differences in starter sources on the chemical quality produced by nata de whey. All samples were analyzed for fat, protein, cellulose and reducing sugars. this use study of two factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the difference in the starter (commercial and pineapple fruit extract) and the second factor is the length of fermentation with three replications. The results showed that the effect of fermentation time and the difference in starter sources on nata de whey had a very significant impact (P <0.01) on the calculation of fat content in the nata the whey. The duration of fermentation and differences in the source of the stater on nata de whey had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the content of protein, reducing sugar and cellulose content produced.

scholarly journals Covalent immobilization of an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
Yakup Aslan ◽  
Derya Ömerosmanoğlu ◽  
Eda Öndül Koç
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Covalent Immobilization ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Continuous Processes ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Soluble Enzymes

Abstract Objective Since the soluble enzymes can not be used in repeated reactions and are not stable in operational conditions and not suitable for continuous processes, this study aimed the covalent immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis protease (BLP) onto Eupergit CM. Methods Optimum conditions for immobilization were determined by changing the conditions individually. The proteins and L-tyrosine were determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Results The immobilization resulted in 100% immobilization and 107.7% activity yields. The optimum pH (7–8) and the optimum temperature (70°C) have not changed after immobilization. The Km values for free and immobilized enzyme were 26.53 and 37.59 g/L, while the Vmax values were 2.84 and 3.31 g L-Tyrosine/L·min, respectively. The immobilized enzyme has not lost its initial activity during the repeated 20 uses and 20 days of storage. The milk proteins were hydrolyzed in 2 h by using immobilized enzyme. The pH of the milk dropped from 6.89 to 6.53, the color was clearer but there was no change in the smell or the taste. Conclusion Consequently, it can be said that the immobilized BLP obtained can be used for industrial purposes.

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